Generic Name Research Articles

World Catalogue of the family Lonchaeidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Acalyptratae).

A catalogue of world species of Lonchaeidae is provided. Ten valid genera and 611 valid species in two subfamilies are listed. For each valid species the list includes author, year of publication, full publication name, page number of original description and, where known, type locality and type depository. All validly named taxa described before 1 January 2023 are included and for species where there are issues relating to taxonomy, distribution, type status or type depositories, 84 supplementary notes are provided. Colour plates are provided showing a representative species of each genus. The world distribution of Lonchaeidae is tabulated by genus, species and biogeographical realm. Details on species that occur in more than one realm and information on online maps that are available for each species is provided. A synopsis of the fauna of each realm is given that includes references to the key literature sources. The use of following nominal genus as valid is necessary due to the previously used nominal genus not meeting ICZN publication standards: Priscoearomyia Morge, 1963a (previously considered a junior synonym of Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), new status. The following is a new genus authority necessary due to the previously used authority not meeting ICZN publication standards: Neosilba Waddill & Weems: 1978 (for Neosilba McAlpine, 1962). The following four genus names are new synonyms: Dasyops Bezzi, 1891 (= Dasiops Rondani, 1856), Lonchaba Korytkowski & Ojeda 1971(= Lonchaea Fallén, 1820), Protearomyia Hennig, 1967 (= Priscoearomyia Morge, 1963a) and Togocesa Koçak & Kemal, 2010 (= Lonchaea Fallén, 1820). The following five names represent new species authority details necessary due to the previously used names not meeting ICZN publication standards, or previous mistakes or uncertainties: Priscoearomyia cordillerensis (McAlpine, 1983) (for Protearomyia cordillerensis McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia greciana (McAlpine, 1983) (for Protearomyia greciana McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia martinia (McAlpine, 1983) (for Protearomyia martinia McAlpine, 1962). Lonchaea orientalis MacGowan, 2013 (for Lonchaea orientalis MacGowan, 2007). Neosilba certa (Walker, 1853) (for Neosilba certa (Walker, 1850-1856), Neosilba certa (Walker, 1850) and Neosilba certa (Walker, 1852)). The following four species names are new synonyms: Lonchaea angustitarsis Malloch, 1920a (= Lonchaea deutschi Zetterstedt, 1837), Lonchaea avida McAlpine, 1960 (= Lonchaea choreoides Bezzi, 1923), Lonchaea palpata Czerny, 1934 (= Lonchaea peregrina Becker, 1895), Silba malaysia MacGowan, 2007 (= Silba kuantani MacGowan, this work). The following 12 species names are new combinations: Priscoearomyia cordillerensis (McAlpine, 1983; Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia greciana (McAlpine, 1983: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia hermonensis (MacGowan & Freidberg, 2008: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia iberica (MacGowan 2014a: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia jonesi (MacGowan & Reimann, 2021: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia mallochi (McAlpine, 1983: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia martinia (McAlpine, 1983: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia occidentalis (MacGowan 2016: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia rameli (MacGowan, 2014a: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia trichopleura (McAlpine, 1983: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia withersi (MacGowan, 2014a: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Silba malaysia (MacGowan 2005a; Lonchaea Fallen, 1820) The following new replacement name was necessary due to homonymy: Silba kuantani MacGowan (for Silba malaysia MacGowan, 2007), The following three species are removed from the Lonchaeidae: Lonchaea albimanus Walker, 1858, Lonchaea brasiliensis Walker, 1853 and Lonchaea discrepans Walker, 1861. A First Reviser action was taken on Neosilba laura and N. lauraea Strikis, 2011 with N. laura being chosen here as the correct original spelling.

First record of a freshwater cave sponge (Porifera, unknown gen. and sp.) in a cave inhabited by Astyanax cavefish in the Sierra de El Abra, San Luis Potosí, Mexico

The karstic cave, la Cueva de Los Sabinos, located in the Sierra de El Abra in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, is mostly known for hosting a population of blind, depigmented Astyanax mexicanus cavefish. Herein, we report the discovery of a non-pigmented sponge (Porifera) in the final sump of this cave. No genus or species name could be attributed because we did not collect any specimen. Up to now, the sponge distribution seems restricted to a single pool in la Cueva de Los Sabinos, but further careful exploration of other pools of the cave as well as closely related cavities is warranted. To our knowledge, this observation constitutes the fourth report of a freshwater, white, cave-adapted sponge in the world and the first for Mexico and North America. It is also the eleventh troglobite species encountered in Los Sabinos. Our discovery confirms the exceptionally rich biodiversity of this cave ecosystem.

Generic Revisions of the Scopaeina and the Sphaeronina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini)

Generic Revisions of the Scopaeina and the Sphaeronina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini)

Revalidation of Passalites Gloger, 1841 for the Amazon brown brocket deer P.nemorivagus (Cuvier, 1817) (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Cervidae).

Mazamanemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817) is a gray brocket deer that inhabits the Amazon region. An assessment of previous studies revealed inconsistencies in its current taxonomic classification, suggesting the need for an update in its genus classification. A taxonomic repositioning of this species is proposed through the collection of a specimen from its type locality (French Guiana) with subsequent morphological (coloring pattern, body measurements, and craniometry), cytogenetics (G Band, C Band, conventional Giemsa, Ag-NOR staining, and BAC probe mapping), and molecular phylogenetic analysis (mitochondrial genes Cyt B of 920 bp, COI I of 658 bp, D-loop 610 bp), and comparisons with other specimens of the same taxon, as well as other Neotropical deer species. The morphological and cytogenetic differences between this and other Neotropical Cervidae confirm the taxon as a unique and valid species. The phylogenetic analysis evidenced the basal position of the M.nemorivaga specimens within the Blastocerina clade. This shows early diversification and wide divergence from the other species, suggesting that the taxon should be transferred to a different genus. A taxonomic update of the genus name is proposed through the validation of Passalites Gloger, 1841, with Passalitesnemorivagus (Cuvier, 1817) as the type species. Future research should focus on evaluating the potential existence of other species within the genus Passalites, as suggested in the literature.

Phryné as opéra comique: Saint-Saëns contra Offenbach

This study of Camille Saint-Saëns's opéra comique Phryné (1893), representing the famous Greek courtesan in the title role, outlines how the composer made the case for the continued viability of the opéra comique genre in a context where lighter opérettes by Jacques Offenbach on classical subjects were much celebrated on French stages. Saint-Saëns's efforts are seen through both his dislike of Offenbach's music and the flexible use of generic name markers in musical comedies of the period. In marking out an aesthetic space for new musical comedy that was not Offenbach's, Saint-Saëns and his librettist Lucien Augé de Lassus conjoined their Hellenic subject matter not only with a canon of painting and sculpture but also with musical qualities deemed classical in the fin-de-siècle environment.

Effect of Diclofenac Sodium in Developing Chick Embryo, Gallus Gallus domesticus (Linn, 1758)

Diclofenac sodium, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is an acetic acid derivative with generic name Diclofenac. NSAIDs represent some of the oldest medicines with recorded history of use of people. However, it is also known to inhibit implantation and embryonic development in rats and mammals. It is widely prescribed in India to women of child bearing age for the treatment of various conditions including arthritis, masculo-skeletal pain etc. Research has shown that it also crosses human placenta readily and potentially teratogenic. The present study focuses on assessing the embryonic development in chick under varied dosages of diclofenac sodium at different developmental stages. The results showed teratogenic effects such as omphlaocoele, reduced body size, delay in hatchability and angiogenesis with irregular heartbeats.

Additive Manufacturing by 3D Printing of the Landmark Gas Reduction R2-M60x2, Using ABS+ Filament

This work deals with the additive manufacturing by 3D printing of the Gas Reduction R2-M60x2 landmark which is part of the Gas Reduction R2-Hose DN 2 in subassembly. This sub-assembly is a component part of the washing head of the light water well drilling installations FA 100, FA 125, FH 150 and FG 40. The generic name of the washing head will be FA 100. We use 3D printing technology because, on the one hand, it is technically possible to make the part and on the other hand, for economic reasons. It is approximately ten times cheaper to make the part through 3D printing than through conventional technologies.

Additive Manufacturing Through 3D Printing of the Landmark Nut M60x2, Using ABS+ Filament

This paper deals with the additive manufacturing by 3D printing of the Dutch Nut-M60x2 landmark which is part of the subassembly Gas Reducer R2-Hose DN 2 in. This subassembly is a component part of the washing head of the light water well drilling installations FA 100, FA 125, FH 150 and FG 40. The generic name of the washing head will be FA 100.We use 3D printing technology because, on the one hand, it is technically possible to make the part and on the other hand, for economic reasons. It is approximately ten times cheaper to make the part through 3D printing than through conventional technologies.

Additive Manufacturing Through 3D Printing of the Mark HOS Pipe DN 50, Using ABS+ Filament

This paper deals with the additive manufacturing by 3D printing of the Hose Pipe DN 50 landmark which is part of the Gas Reduction R2-Hose DN 2 in subassembly. This sub-assembly is a component part of the washing head of the light water well drilling installations FA 100, FA 125, FH 150 and FG 40. The generic name of the washing head will be FA 100. We use 3D printing technology because, on the one hand, it is technically possible to make the part and on the other hand, for economic reasons. It is approximately ten times cheaper to make the part through 3D printing than through conventional technologies.

Cytogenetic, molecular, and morphological characterization of Odocoileus pandora (Merriam, 1901) (Artiodactyla, Cervidae)

The Yucatan brown brocket deer was initially described as Mazama pandora Merriam, 1901. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA recovered the species as sister group of the genus Odocoileus and subsequently the species was repositioned to this genus naming Odocoileus pandora (Merriam, 1901). However, there is still a lack of taxonomic consensus that could assist in nomenclature definition of the species. We aim to clarify the taxonomy of O. pandora through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular data from recently collected specimens. Morphological characterizations identified O. pandora as a medium-sized brocket deer. The skull shows an inflated auditory bulla and a narrow zygomatic arch. Males present long, broad, spike-like antlers converging inward, marked with deep longitudinal grooves. Odocoileus pandora shows a karyotype with 2 n = 60 FN = 74. Bacterial artificial chromosome clone hybridization showed that centric and tandem fusions, and inversions are involved in karyotypical divergences between O. pandora, S. gouazoubira, M. americana, and O. virginianus. Our phylogeny based on Bayesian Inference of mitogenome recovered O. pandora as monophyletic within the subtribe Odocoileina, with Odocoileus as sister taxa. Morphological and genetic characteristics of O. pandora agrees in differencing the Yucatan brown brocket from Mazama and Odocoileus genera. Therefore, a new generic name should be indicated for this taxon.

Rationale Treatment of GERD During Pregnancy: A Prescription Audit Using who Core Drug use Indicators

Background: GERD is a common condition worldwide. It is also frequently seen during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and increasing intra-abdominal pressure. Treatment is usually focused on resolving symptoms. In this regard life style modification and pharmacological interventions are done. But prescribing during pregnancy is a risk benefit condition. Irrational prescribing is a routine practice nowadays. Prescribing during pregnancy needs more care. To avoid hazards associated with irrational prescribing WHO has developed five indicators. Aim and objective: This study was designed to find out prescription mistakes during pregnancy using WHO core drug use indicators. To provide clinicians with prescribing guidlines in order to avoid future discrepancies while prescribing. Method: It was a cross sectional study. Data was obtained from outpatient obstetric departments and analyzed. Result: Antacids, PPIs, Ranitidine and metoclopramide were frequently used drugs. All drug classes are present in essential drug list of Pakistan 2021.Only 8% of the total drugs were prescribed by generic name. Number of drugs per encounter was minimum 5%.Number of injections per encounter was also within standard range 23%. About 20% of prescription were expensive which is a high cost for an under developing country like Pakistan. Practical implication: Good prescribing puts positive impact on patient’s physical and mental health. Conclusion: There should be a shift of prescription from brand name to generic name. Control of prescription cost is another issue highlighted. WHO core drug use indicators are only limited to outpatient Departments. These are of limited value for in doors patients where drug prescriptions are more complex. Keywords: Drug use WHO Drug use, GRED, Pregnancy, Pakistani Women

A Sexism Analysis in English Textbook Used in Indonesian Schools' 7th Grade Entitled: “When English Rings a Bell” Published By the Ministry of Education and Culture

Sexism is a foundation where there is unequal treatment between men and women in society. This unequal treatment emphasizes the dominance of men over women. This research analyzed sexism in English textbook 7th grade entitled “When English Rings a Bell” Published by the Ministry of Education and Culture at Indonesia. This research used descriptive qualitative method and used six criteria of sexism based on NCTE guidelines for gender-fair use of language and also Porreca’s study to analyze the data, that are includes: generic he, generic man, titles, labels and names, occupational roles, omission, firstness. The technique of data analysis of this research adopted from Miles and Huberman theory. The aims of this research is to know the dominant criteria of sexism found in English textbook 7th grade entitled “When English Rings a Bell” Published by Ministry of Education and Culture at Indonesia. The results of this research shows that there are 5 criteria of sexism found in the English textbook 7th grade entitled “When English Rings a Bell” Published by Ministry of Education and Culture at Indonesia, that are includes: generic man, titles, labels and names, the occupational, omission, firstness. The dominant criteria’s of sexism found is omission criteria. Key words: EFL textbook, sexism, society

Some have drops and some do not, but can we rely on that? Re-investigation of Diphascon tenue (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) with discussion of the phylogeny and taxonomy of the superfamily Hypsibioidea

An integrative description of a newly discovered Spitsbergen population of Diphascon tenue Thulin, 1928 was undertaken using high quality light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and methods of molecular taxonomy. Phylogenetic analyses indicated the relationships of this species within the subfamily Itaquasconinae Bartoš in Rudescu, 1964 (the family Hypsibiidae Pilato, 1969). Arctodiphascon gen. nov. is erected with two species, A. tenue, comb. nov. and A. wuyingensis (Sun et al., 2020), comb. nov. Following the results of the phylogenetic molecular and morphological analysis, Adropion greveni (Dastych, 1984) and A. mauccii (Dastych et McInnes, 1996) are transferred to the genus Diphascon Plate, 1888 as D. greveni Dastych, 1984, stat. resurr. and D. mauccii Dastych et McInnes, 1996, stat. resurr. Following the results of the phylogenetic molecular and morphological analyses, the generic name Meplitumen Lisi et al., 2019, syn. nov. is recognised as synonymous to Platicrista Pilato, 1987. An emended diagnosis for the genus Astatumen Pilato, 1997 is given. The distribution of morphological characters within the superfamily Hypsibioidea is analysed and their taxonomic significance is discussed. A new phylogenetic tree of Hypsibioidea based on molecular data is presented. The subfamilies Itaquasconinae and Pilatobiinae Bertolani et al., 2014 are raised to family rank, as Itaquasconidae and Pilatobiidae (status promotus). The subfamily Diphasconinae Dastych, 1992 is transferred to the Hypsibiidae, as a sister group to the subfamily Hypsibiinae Pilato, 1969.

Prescription Audit for WHO Prescribing Indicators and Prescription Errors in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

ABSTRACT Aim: Our study aimed to audit prescriptions for the prescription indicators given by WHO and to analyze prescription errors, evaluating the frequency and types of prescription errors. Methodology: Prospective study was done in Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, under Pharmacology Department in October 2020. The prescriptions from all the OPD (outpatient departments) were collected from the pharmacy store. Prescriptions for the follow-up medication and devoid of medicine were excluded from the study. Results: Total of 1451 errors were found from 400 collected prescriptions, out of which 324 (22.3%) were errors of omission and 145 (10.0%) were errors of commission related to drugs whereas 982 (67.7%) were the error of omission other than drug details. A total of 1257 drugs were prescribed making an average of 3.14 drugs per prescription, out of which 28.72% drugs were prescribed by generic name. About 34.0% of patients were prescribed antibiotics and 2.25% of patients were prescribed injectable drugs. All the drugs were prescribed from the National Essential Drug List (NEDL). Conclusion: The prescription audit showed that there is a need to train prescribing doctors as per the standard MMC and NMC guidelines for rational prescription writing to minimize the chance of major errors like not writing the dose of the drug, not writing it in capital letters, drug-related instructions, diagnosis and so on. The prescription audit should be carried out at regular intervals to improve prescription writing skills to establish a better healthcare system.

(261–266) Proposals to amend the Code to update regulations of the nomenclature of fossils

(261–266) Proposals to amend the <i>Code</i> to update regulations of the nomenclature of fossils

(2954) Proposal to change the authorship and place of publication of Mucor, nom. cons. (Mucoromycota, Fungi)

(2954) Proposal to change the authorship and place of publication of <i>Mucor</i>, nom. cons. (<i>Mucoromycota</i>, <i>Fungi</i>)

(2952) Proposal to conserve the name Coccidioides posadasii against Posadasia esferiformis, Coccidium posadasi, Pseudococcidioides mazzae, Geotrichum louisianoideum, Glenospora meteuropea, Glenospora metamericana and Trichosporon proteolyticum (Ascomycota)

(2952) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Coccidioides posadasii</i> against <i>Posadasia esferiformis</i>, <i>Coccidium posadasi</i>, <i>Pseudococcidioides mazzae</i>, <i>Geotrichum louisianoideum</i>, <i>Glenospora meteuropea</i>, <i>Glenospora metamericana</i> and <i>Trichosporon proteolyticum</i> (<i>Ascomycota</i>)

(2955) Proposal to conserve the name Didymium against Mucilago and Spumaria (Physarales, Myxomycetes)

(2955) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Didymium</i> against <i>Mucilago</i> and <i>Spumaria</i> (<i>Physarales</i>, <i>Myxomycetes</i>)

Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Bryophytes: 14

SummaryThe following two names of bryophytes are recommended for conservation: Oreas Brid. against Oreas Cham. &amp; Schltdl. and Ptychomitrium against Ulophyllum. Also, the vascular plant name Distichia Nees &amp; Meyen is recommended for conservation against the bryophyte name Distichia (Brid.) Brid. Conservation of the name Plagiomnium against Orthomnion and Orthomniopsis is not recommended. The name Riccia sinuata is recommended for rejection. Furthermore, two publications by Stephani are reommended to be added to the list of suppressed works for new generic names in Appendix I of the Code. The Committee considers Parisia Broth. and Parrisia Shalisko &amp; Sundue not confusable.

(2953) Proposal to conserve the name Absconditella against Geisleria (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes)

(2953) Absconditella Vězda in Preslia 37: 238. 1965, nom. cons. prop. Typus: A. sphagnorum Vězda & Poelt (=) Geisleria Nitschke in Rabenhorst, Lich. Eur. Exs. No. 574. Oct 1861, nom. rej. prop. Typus: G. sychnogonioides Nitschke Vězda (in Preslia 37: 238. 1965) introduced a new genus of lichenized fungi, Absconditella (Stictidaceae, Ostropales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) with A. sphagnorum Vězda & Poelt as the type to accommodate species having minute, urceolate (apothecioid) ascomata with a non-amyloid hymenium and without a dark pigment, simple and indistinctly septate paraphyses, asci with a distinct non-amyloid tholus and chlorococcoid algae as a photobiont. At least 12 additional species have been described (Vězda, l.c. 1965; Vězda & Vivant in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 10: 205. 1975; Döbbeler & Poelt in Herzogia 4: 364. 1977; Vězda & Pišút in Nova Hedwigia 40: 342, 344. 1985 [“1984”]; Søchting & al. in Biblioth. Lichenol. 88: 613. 2004; Spribille & al. in Bryologist 112: 111. 2009; Kondratyuk & al. in Acta Bot. Hung. 55: 277. 2013; Van den Boom & al. in Phytotaxa 238: 272. 2015; Cáceres & Aptroot in Bryologist 119: 254. 2016; Kalb & Aptroot in Bryologist 121: 57, 60. 2018) and four have been transferred from other genera (Vězda, l.c. 1965: 241, 244; Rossman in Mycotaxon 8: 505. 1979; Hawksworth & al. in Lichenologist 12: 106. 1980). The genus is cosmopolitan, and most species are sporadically collected due to their small size and probably ephemeral nature. The name Geisleria was introduced by Nitschke (in Rabenhorst, Lich. Eur. Exs. No. 574. 1861) for a single species, G. sychnogonioides Nitschke. Three more species were described later, one of which, G. alpina Servít (in Blumea 7: 594. 1954), appeared to be a parasymbiont on Polyblastia albida Arnold (Swinscow in Lichenologist 3: 418. 1967); another, G. jamesii Swinscow (l.c.: 420), was reassigned to Swinscowia S.H. Jiang, Lücking & Sérus. (Hongsanan & al. in Fungal Diversity 10: 139. 2020); and the third, G. xylophila Vězda (in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 312. 1970), is still known only by the type specimen. For a long time, the type of ascomata has been one of the main characteristics to delimit higher taxa in Ascomycetes. The ascomata of Geisleria are enclosed, perithecium-like with a narrow pore, and therefore G. sychnogonioides has been referred to pyrenocarpous families such as Verrucariaceae in Eurotiomycetes (Stizenberger in Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 22: 502. 1882) or Strigulaceae in Dothideomycetes (Harris, Taxon. Revis. Arthopyrenia [Ph.D. thesis, Michigan State University, U.S.A.]: 145. 1975; Roux & Sérusiaux in Biblioth. Lichenol. 90: 89–90. 2004). The relationships of Geisleria with other lichenized genera remained disputable until Aptroot & al. (in Lichenologist 46: 115–128. 2014) showed that Geisleria is sister to the type of the generic name Absconditella, forming a highly supported clade within Stictidaceae. Due to the small sample size, the authors (Aptroot & al., l.c.) only discussed the need for taxonomic re-arrangements but did not perform them. The most recent study on the lichenized genus Absconditella with more species and specimens included (Suija & Van den Boom in Mycol. Progr., in press) confirmed Aptroot & al.'s results as Geisleria was nested within Absconditella, forming a well-supported monophyletic clade. In contrast to Geisleria, the ascomata of Absconditella are cup-shaped with an exposed spore-bearing layer (apothecia). Aptroot & al. (l.c.) examined the type material of G. sychnogonioides and revealed that the ascomata of this species are still typical apothecia but the disc is only narrowly exposed, leaving the impression of enclosed fruit-bodies. The microscopical examination of additional materials by Suija & Van den Boom (l.c.) confirmed their statement. Following the principle of priority (Art. 11.3), we should adopt the earlier generic name Geisleria over Absconditella. However, the recognition and application of the older name would necessitate the introduction of 15 new combinations. Therefore, we propose to conserve the more widely used name Absconditella against Geisleria. AS, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3784-9414 PvdB, https://orcid.org//0000-0002-1929-2088