Genus-group Names Research Articles

One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails.

We present a new classification for the genus Conus sensu lato (family Conidae), based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of 329 species. This classification departs from both the traditional classification in only one genus and from a recently proposed shell- and radula-based classification scheme that separates members of this group into five families and 115 genera. Roughly 140 genus-group names are available for Recent cone snails. We propose to place all cone snails within a single family (Conidae) containing four genera—Conus, Conasprella, Profundiconus and Californiconus (with Conus alone encompassing about 85% of known species)—based on the clear separation of cone snails into four distinct and well-supported groups/lineages in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Within Conus and Conasprella, we recognize 57 and 11 subgenera, respectively, that represent well-supported subgroupings within these genera, which we interpret as evidence of intrageneric distinctiveness. We allocate the 803 Recent species of Conidae listed as valid in the World Register of Marine Species into these four genera and 71 subgenera, with an estimate of the confidence for placement of species in these taxonomic categories based on whether molecular or radula and/or shell data were used in these determinations. Our proposed classification effectively departs from previous schemes by (1) limiting the number of accepted genera, (2) retaining the majority of species within the genus Conus and (3) assigning members of these genera to species groups/subgenera to enable the effective communication of these groups, all of which we hope will encourage acceptance of this scheme.

Opinion 2340 (Case 3592) Dodecatoma Westwood, 1849 (Insecta, Coleoptera): name conserved by suppression of Dodecatoma Dufour, 1841 (Insecta, Plecoptera)

The genus-group name Dodecatoma Westwood, 1849 has been conserved for a group of beetles (family phengodidae or rhagophthalmidae) by suppressing the unused senior homonym Dodecatoma Dufour, 1841, which was proposed for a group of stoneflies (family perlidae).

Official Correction to Opinions 278 and 382: the publication date amended for the genus-group names Danaus, Heliconius, Nymphalis and Plebejus (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from Kluk (1802) to Kluk (1780)

Under Article 80.4 of the Code, the publication date for the names Danaus, Heliconius, Nymphalis and Plebejus is corrected to Kluk (1780), rather than Kluk (1802) and the spelling of the butterfly genus name Plebejus confirmed. These names were formerly treated in Opinions 124, 278, 382 and 450.

Checklist of british and irish hymenoptera - sawflies, 'symphyta'.

The superfamilies Cephoidea, Orussoidea, Pamphilioidea, Siricoidea, Tenthredinoidea, Xiphydrioidea and Xyeloidea are combined as one checklist section, as the sawflies represent a distinctive assemblage of phytophagous (except Orussidae) Hymenoptera. More than fifty years have passed since the publication of the final part of Robert B. Benson’s three part identification key to the “Symphyta” of the British Isles (Benson 1935, Benson 1952, Benson 1958). Whilst the first two parts were based substantially on the acute monography by Eduard Enslin (Enslin 1912, Enslin 1913, Enslin 1914, Enslin 1915, Enslin 1916, Enslin 1917 and Enslin 1918), Benson’s treatment of the Nematinae represented an original and significant step forward in our knowledge of this subfamily. The results of subsequent research on the British and Irish sawfly fauna were collated by Quinlan (1978). Since then, renewed investigation of the taxonomy of West Palaearctic sawflies has led to a great number of taxonomic and nomenclatural changes, affecting many taxa occurring in the British Isles. Of particular value in accessing the extensive but widely scattered literature on sawflies, is the online database “Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (ECatSym)” (Blank et al. 2012). Unfortunately, the only identification guide to the European “Symphyta” published since 1958 with a more than local geographical scope, by Zhelochovtsev (1988), suffers from weaknesses, such as the reliance placed on the opinions and illustrations of E. Lindqvist in its treatment of the Nematinae. Mistakes in translation from Russian make the later English language edition of this work even more difficult to use. Special problems are attached to the interpretation of records for some species not found in the British Isles since their inclusion in the works of Leach (1817) and Stephens (1835). Some of these are probably extinct, but their presence in the British Isles has in many cases never been unequivocally proved: see for example Benson (1943). We therefore maintain the practice, as in Fitton et al. (1978), of marking names of such taxa with a preceding “?”. Further, the taxonomic status of some of the nominal taxa described from the British Isles by Hill, Stephens, Newman and Cameron is still unclear, particularly where no type material has been located. The number of confirmed British sawfly species now stands at 537, compared to 471 in the 1978 checklist (Quinlan 1978; Broad 2014). Note that, since the publication of the introduction section (Broad 2014) a further family, Heptamelidae, has been recognised (Malm and Nyman 2014), including two British species previously included in Tenthredinidae. Authorship and date of publication of original descriptions by various authors follow mainly the bibliographic research of Taeger and Blank (1996), Taeger and Blank (2006), Blank and Taeger (1998), Blank et al. (2009) and Taeger et al. (2010). The classification of genera used here is largely based on the system of Benson (1951-1958). This has the advantages of being relatively simple and widely known. Detailed phylogenetic studies on several major lineages of Tenthredinidae are still lacking. However, some definite conclusions on generic groupings were reached by Nyman et al. (2006) on the Nematinae and Leppanen et al. (2012) on the Fenusini of the Blennocampinae. For the higher Nematinae, the full taxonomic and nomenclatural consequences of the recently proposed phylogeny have not yet been drawn. Far fewer genera will in future be recognised. For the present, we revert here to a generic classification that is similar to that used by Benson (1958), even though we are aware that Pachynematus, for example, is not monophyletic. Genus and species group names are included selectively in the synonymy. For a complete current synonymy of all these, including important misidentifications, see ECatSym (Blank et al. 2012). A name is only included as a synonym when it fulfils one or both of the following criteria: has at some time been used for a taxon occurring in the British Isles; is used in widely consulted works on taxonomy or distribution, or in original accounts of biological characters / descriptions of immature stages. The general scope and rationale for the checklist are covered by Broad (2014). As for the rest of the checklist, the Channel Islands fauna is excluded: see Sheppard (1990) on the sawfly fauna of the Channel Islands. There is a lack of data on the sawflies of the Isle of Man. It should be noted that several species were mistakenly listed as occurring in Scotland by Liston (1995). Some of the diversity of British sawflies is illustrated in Figs 1, ​,2,2, ​,3,3, ​,44. Representative British sawflies, superfamilies Cephoidea, Pamphilioidea and Siricoidea. Figure 1a. Cephidae, Phylloecus xanthostoma (G. Knight)

World catalogue of the family Tanypezidae (diptera: Schizophora).

Family, genus and species group names in the family Tanypezidae (Diptera: Schizophora) are catalogued, providing references to occurrence in the literature and nomenclature. Full synonymies are provided, including generic combinations for species, type localities, and repositories and sex for name-bearing types. Species distributions by country are provided, noting biogeographic region(s). The Tanypezidae are known from 28 species in two genera (Tanypeza Fallén and Neotanypeza Hendel).

Systematics of Indobaetis Müller-Liebenau & Morihara 1982, and related implications for some other Baetidae genera (Ephemeroptera).

Imagoes, subimagoes and eggs of Indobaetis costai Müller-Liebenau & Morihara 1982 are described for the first time; additional larval characters of I. costai and I. starmuehlneri Müller-Liebenau & Morihara 1982 are reported. A new species Indobaetis microfolius sp.n. is described based on larvae, a male subimago reared from larva and a female subimago extracted from a mature larva. Baetis michaelohubbardi (Selva-kumar et al. 2012) comb.n. is proposed for a species originally attributed to Indobaetis, based on the presence of hind protoptera, three maxillary dentisetae and other characteristics. Newly discovered diversity within the holophyletic taxon Indobaetis disproves a formerly erected idea about the close relationship of Indobaetis and the muticus-group. Thus, the senior genus-group name for the holophylum including the muticus-group is Takobia/g1; in rank-based nomenclature the names Alainites Waltz & McCafferty (in Waltz et al.) 1994 and Acerbaetis Kang & Yang (in Kang et al.) 1994 should be junior synonyms of Takobia Novikova & Kluge 1987 (new synonymy). The Neotropical taxon Caribaetis Kluge 1992 is accepted as genus (stat.n.), rather than a synonym of Fallceon, based on the original diagnosis of the subgenus Caribaetis and taking into account the significance of such character as presence of a posterior seta on the claw, shared with Indobaetis, Baetodes and some other taxa; resultant new combinations are proposed: Caribaetis planifrons (Kluge 1992) comb.n., Caribaetis alcarrazae (Kluge 1992) comb.n. and Caribaetis grandis (Gonzalez-Lazo & Salles 2007) comb.n. A new species synonymy in Fallceon is proposed, based on the presence of a hind wing costal hook in both species: Fallceon poeyi (Eaton 1995) = F. nikitai McCafferty & Lugo-Ortiz 1994 syn.n.

Scale insect genus-group names and their families (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea).

Genus names of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are listed with their current families. The list includes all generic names that are currently valid with synonyms, unjustified emendations, homonyms, nomia nuda and misspellings. The list has been compiled from many sources as discussed in the introduction. This is the first list to be prepared in recent years of all generic names and it is in alphabetical order.

Sawfly taxa (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) described by Edward Newman and Charles Healy

Type specimens of seven nominal species of sawfly described by Edward Newman and one by Charles Healy were studied. This material is housed in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, United Kingdom. The following new synonymies are proposed (valid names in parentheses): Hartigia Schiødte, 1839 (Phylloecus Newman, 1838), Cephus helleri Taschenberg, 1871 (Phylloecus faunus Newman, 1838) and Euura gallae Newman, 1837 (Euura mucronata (Hartig, 1837)). The type species of Euura Newman, 1837 and Euura subgenus Gemmura E. L. Smith, 1968 belong to the same taxonomic species, Euura mucronata (Hartig, 1837), so that these genus group names become new synonyms. Lectotypes are designated for Phyllotoma tormentillae Healy, 1868, Fenusa ianthe Newman, 1837, Fenusa parviceps Newman, 1837, Selandria pallida Newman, 1837 and Phylloecus faunus Newman, 1838. 26 new combinations are proposed for species formerly placed in Hartigia and here transferred to Phylloecus, and 4 original combinations are re-instated as valid.

Case 3645Orthezia characias[Bosc d'Antic], 1784 (Insecta, Hemiptera, ortheziidae): proposed validation of the generic and specific names as available

The purpose of this application, under Articles 78.1 and 81.1 of the Code, is to conserve the established usage of the genus-group name Orthezia and species-group name characias, both with the author Bosc d'Antic (1784) and to maintain the latter as the type species of Orthezia. The original proposal of the name of this scale insect by Bosc d'Antic, intended to be done in the binominal fashion of Linnaeus, was actually done as a hyphenated uninominal originally spelled both as d' Orthezia-Characias and Orthezia-Characias. It is proposed that this be interpreted as a generic name, whereby universal usage of the subsequent spelling Orthezia since at least 1843 now causes the latter to be deemed the correct original spelling of the generic name. Despite universal attribution of the specific name characias to Bosc d'Antic (1784), this name is unavailable from that work and under Article 11.6.1 should be reattributed to Amyot & Serville (1843). To avoid confusion, however, the Commission is requested to validate the availability of O. characias under the authorship of Bosc d'Antic (1784).

Annotated List of the Species-Group Taxa Described in Combination withChermesLinnaeus 1758 (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)

The genus-group name Chermes Linnaeus 1758 has been suppressed, but an accounting of the various nominal species described in combination with it has not been presented until now. Nominal species of Chermes are found in 13 families of three major lineages of Sternorrhyncha (Aphidomorpha, Coccoidea, Psylloidea). Eleven available names remain unplaceable (incertae sedis nomina dubia) and to date do not appear in the various Sternorrhyncha catalogues. In order to clarify their status, we here present an annotated list of the 137 nominal species-group names originally described in combination with Chermes. We provide the original bibliographic citation and an assessment of the current status of each name.

Case 3640 Touit G.R. Gray, 1855 and Prosopeia Bonaparte, 1854 (Aves, psittacidae): proposed conservation of usage

Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Articles 78.1, 80.2.2 and 81.2.2 of the Code, is to conserve current usage of the well-established genus-group name Touit G.R. Gray, 1855 for a genus of South American parrotlets by suppression of the earlier but little-used, taxonomically ambiguous name Pyrrhulopsis Reichenbach, 1850. This course of action would also help to confirm the validity of the widely used genus-group name Prosopeia Bonaparte, 1854 for the Fijian shining parrots which has also been replaced by Pyrrhulopsis at times owing to differing interpretations of its meaning.

Names and publication dates of the Brachyura in F.É. Guérin (Guérin-Méneville) (Crustacea: Decapoda).

The names and dates of the publications of Brachyura of Guérin (Guérin-Méneville from 1836) are reviewed, and previously unidentified or overlooked names are identified. Several identical new names used in multiple publications by Guérin (also under the name Guérin-Méneville), and others that appeared in the same year necessitated the accurate determination of publication dates to establish priority. The authorships of three names should be credited to Guérin (1832): Gecarcinus lateralis (Gecarcinidae), Halimus aries (Majidae), and Libinia spinosa (Epialtidae), the first previously attributed to Fréminville (1835), the last two to H. Milne Edwards (1834). The overlooked genus- and species-group names Cyclocarcinus pinnotheroides Guérin-Méneville, 1838, are determined to be senior subjective synonyms of the genus- and species-group names Hapalonotus reticulatus (De Man, 1879) (Pilumnidae). Applying Article 23.9.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, precedence is reversed between the genus-group names and the correct name is Hapalonotus pinnotheroides (Guérin-Méneville, 1838). Current and widespread use of the genus-group name Thalamita Latreille, 1829 (31 March) (Portunidae) is threatened by the overlooked Thalamites Guérin, 1829 (21 March), and the precedence of the names is also reversed to maintain usage of the former. The genus-group name Eurypodius Guérin (Inachidae) is shown to have been established in 1828, not 1825. Included is a complete bibliography of the publications in which Guérin (also under Guérin-Méneville) established new names for Brachyura, with their accurate publication dates.

Nomenclatural studies toward a world catalog of Diptera genus-group names. III. Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann.

The Diptera genus-group names of Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann are reviewed and annotated. A total of 50 available genus-group names in 25 families of Diptera are listed alphabetically for each name giving author, year and page of original publication, originally included species, type species and method of fixation, current status of the name, family placement, and a list of any emendations of it that have been found in the literature. Remarks are given to clarify nomenclatural or taxonomic information. A biography of Wiedemann is given with discussion of his works and his relationships with contemporaries. In addition, an index is given to all the species-group names of Diptera proposed by Wiedemann (1,775 of which 1,698 are available) with bibliographic reference to each original citation. An appendix gives a complete bibliography of all the known writings by Wiedemann, non-zoological as well as zoological.The following type species is designated herein: Eristalis chrysopygus Wiedemann, 1819 for Pachycephalus Wiedemann, 1830, by present designation [Syrphidae].Corrected or clarified type-species and methods of typification are given for: Colax Wiedemann, 1824 [Nemestrinidae]; Cyphomyia Wiedemann, 1819 [Stratiomyidae]; Philoliche Wiedemann, 1821 [Tabanidae]; Ropalomera Wiedemann, 1820 [Ropalomeridae]; Timia Wiedemann, 1824 [Ulidiidae].Acting as First Reviser, the following correct original spelling for multiple original spellings is selected: Maekistocera Wiedemann, 1820 [Tipulidae]. A previous First Reviser action for multiple original spellings missed by other workers is given for the following: Rhaphiorhynchus Wiedemann, 1821 [Pantophthalmidae].The following nominal genera enter into new synonymies: Ceratophyia Osten Sacken, 1858 of Ceratophya Wiedemann, 1824, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Epopter Wiedemann, 1830 of Sphecomyia Le Peletier & Serville, 1825, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Melophaga Wiedemann, 1830 of Melophagus Latreille, 1802, n. syn. [Hippoboscidae]; Midas Latreille, 1797 of Mydas Fabricius, 1794, n. syn. [Mydidae]; Nemestrina Latreille, 1809 of Nemestrinus Latreille, 1802, n. syn. [Nemestrinidae]; Pangonia Latreille, 1809 of Pangonius Latreille, 1802, n. syn. [Tabanidae]; Scatophaga Wiedemann, 1828 of Scathophaga Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Scathophagidae]; Threneste Wiedemann, 1830 of Penthetria Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Bibionidae].

Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)

With 552 species group names available (excluding misspellings), the Microdontinae constitute the smallest of the three subfamilies of Syrphidae. Paradoxically, this subfamily is taxonomically the least organized of the three: 388 species names were previously classified in a single genus, Microdon Meigen, 1803. The present paper introduces a new generic classification of the Microdontinae, relying partly on the results of phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data as published in other papers, and partly on examination of primary type specimens of 347 taxa, plus additional material, and original descriptions. A total number of 67 genus group names (excluding misspellings) are evaluated, redescribed, diagnosed and discussed, with several implications for their taxonomic status. Of these, 43 names are considered as valid genera, 7 as subgenera, 17 as synonyms. Two generic names (Ceratoconcha Simroth, 1907, Nothomicrodon Wheeler, 1924) are left unplaced, because they are known from immature stages only and cannot be reliably associated with taxa known from adults. The following 10 new genera are described by Reemer: Domodon, Heliodon, Laetodon, Menidon, Mermerizon, Metadon, Peradon, Piruwa, Sulcodon and Thompsodon. A key to all genera, subgenera and species groups is given. A total number of 26 new species are described in the following genera: Archimicrodon Hull, 1945, Ceratrichomyia Séguy, 1951, Domodon, Furcantenna Cheng, 2008, Heliodon, Indascia Keiser, 1958, Kryptopyga Hull, 1944, Masarygus Brèthes. 1908, Mermerizon, Metadon, Microdon, Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923, Piruwa, Pseudomicrodon Hull, 1937, Rhopalosyrphus Giglio-Tos, 1891, and Thompsodon. New lectotypes are designated for Ceratrichomyia behara Séguy, 1951 and Microdon iheringi Bezzi, 1910. A total number of 267 new combinations of species and genera are proposed. New synonyms are proposed for 19 species group names. Three replacement names are introduced for primary and secondary junior homonyms: Microdon shirakii nom. n. (= Microdon tuberculatus Shiraki, 1968, primary homonym of Microdon tuberculatus de Meijere, 1913), Paramixogaster brunettii nom. n. (= Mixogaster vespiformis Brunetti, 1913, secondary homonym of Microdon vespiformis de Meijere, 1908), Paramixogaster sacki nom. n. (= Myxogaster variegata Sack, 1922, secondary homonym of Ceratophya variegata Walker, 1852). An attempt is made to classify all available species names into (sub)genera and species groups. The resulting classification comprises 454 valid species and 98 synonyms (excluding misspellings), of which 17 valid names and three synonyms are left unplaced. The paper concludes with a discussion on diagnostic characters of Microdontinae.

The leucosiid crabs described by Thomas Bell in 1855: original description and dates of publication (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura).

Thomas Bell proposed 37 species- and 5 genus-group names for the Leucosiidae in four publications that appeared in 1855. The version appearing in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London is the earliest of these publications and the first available description of these taxa.

The genera in the third catalogue (1836–1837) of Dejean’s Coleoptera collection

All genus-group names first proposed or made available for the first time in the third edition of Dejean’s catalogue of his beetle collection are recorded. The following 18 names are made available for the first time in Dejean’s third catalogue: Batoscelis Dejean [Carabidae], Laphyra Dejean [Carabidae], Sauriodes Dejean [Staphylinidae], Abrobapta Dejean [Buprestidae], Selagis Dejean [Buprestidae], Eurhipis Dejean [Eucnemidae], Anaeretes Dejean [Scarabaeidae], Doryscelis Dejean [Scarabaeidae], Epilissus Dejean [Scarabaeidae], Hoploscelis Dejean [Scarabaeidae], Brachygenius Dejean [Tenebrionidae], Capnisa Dejean [Tenebrionidae], Heterocheira Dejean [Tenebrionidae], Selenomma Dejean [Tenebrionidae], Dactylocrepis Dejean [Curculionidae], Lophodes Dejean [Curculionidae], Heterarthron Dejean [Bostrichidae] and Homalopus Chevrolat [Chrysomelidae]. Eurhipis Dejean, 1836 is considered a junior synonym of Phyllocerus Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1825 for the first time. Abrobapta Dejean, 1836 has precedence over Torresita Harold, 1869.

The genera in the second catalogue (1833–1836) of Dejean’s Coleoptera collection

All genus-group names listed in the second edition of the catalogue (1833-1836) of Dejean’s beetle collection are recorded. For each new genus-group name the originally included available species are listed and for generic names with at least one available species, the type species and the current status are given. Names available prior to the publication of Dejean’s second catalogue (1833-1836) are listed in an appendix.The following new synonymies are proposed: Cyclonotum Dejean, 1833 (= Dactylosternum Wollaston, 1854) [Hydrophilidae], Hyporhiza Dejean, 1833 (= Rhinaspis Perty, 1830) [Scarabaeidae], Aethales Dejean, 1834 (= Epitragus Latreille, 1802) [Tenebrionidae], Arctylus Dejean, 1834 (= Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829) [Tenebrionidae], Euphron Dejean, 1834 (= Derosphaerus Thomson, 1858) [Tenebrionidae], Hipomelus Dejean, 1834 (= Trachynotus Latreille, 1828) [Tenebrionidae], Pezodontus Dejean, 1834 (= Odontopezus Alluaud, 1889) [Tenebrionidae], Zygocera Dejean, 1835 (= Disternopsis Breuning, 1939) [Cerambycidae], and Physonota Chevrolat, 1836 (= Anacassis Spaeth, 1913) [Chrysomelidae]. Heterogaster pilicornis Dejean, 1835 [Cerambycidae] and Labidomera trimaculata Chevrolat, 1836 [Chrysomelidae] are placed for the first time in synonymy with Anisogaster flavicans Deyrolle, 1862 and Chrysomela clivicollis Kirby, 1837 respectively. Type species of the following genus-group taxa are proposed: Sphaeromorphus Dejean, 1833 (Sphaeromorphus humeralis Erichson, 1843) [Scarabaeidae], Adelphus Dejean, 1834 (Helops marginatus Fabricius, 1792) [Tenebrionidae], Cyrtoderes Dejean, 1834 (Tenebrio cristatus DeGeer, 1778) [Tenebrionidae], Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834 (Opatrum acutum Wiedemann, 1823) [Tenebrionidae], Charactus Dejean, 1833 (Lycus limbatus Fabricius, 1801) [Lycidae], Corynomalus Chevrolat, 1836 (Eumorphus limbatus Olivier, 1808) [Endomychidae], Hebecerus Dejean, 1835 (Acanthocinus marginicollis Boisduval, 1835) [Cerambycidae], Pterostenus Dejean, 1835 (Cerambyx abbreviatus Fabricius, 1801) [Cerambycidae], Psalicerus Dejean, 1833 (Lucanus femoratus Fabricius, 1775) [Lucanidae], and Pygolampis Dejean, 1833 (Lampyris glauca Olivier, 1790) [Lampyridae]. A new name, Neoeutrapela Bousquet and Bouchard [Tenebrionidae], is proposed for Eutrapela Dejean, 1834 (junior homonym of Eutrapela Hübner, 1809).The following generic names, made available in Dejean’s catalogue, were found to be older than currently accepted valid names: Catoxantha Dejean, 1833 over Catoxantha Solier, 1833 [Buprestidae], Pristiptera Dejean, 1833 over Pelecopselaphus Solier, 1833 [Buprestidae], Charactus Dejean, 1833 over Calopteron Laporte, 1836 [Lycidae], Cyclonotum Dejean, 1833 over Dactylosternum Wollaston, 1854 [Hydrophilidae], Ancylonycha Dejean, 1833 over Holotrichia Hope, 1837 [Scarabaeidae], Aulacium Dejean, 1833 over Mentophilus Laporte, 1840 [Scarabaeidae], Sciuropus Dejean, 1833 over Ancistrosoma Curtis, 1835 [Scarabaeidae], Sphaeromorphus Dejean, 1833 over Ceratocanthus White, 1842 [Scarabaeidae], Psalicerus Dejean, 1833 over Leptinopterus Hope, 1838 [Lucanidae], Adelphus Dejean, 1834 over Praeugena Laporte, 1840 [Tenebrionidae], Amatodes Dejean, 1834 over Oncosoma Westwood, 1843 [Tenebrionidae], Cyrtoderes Dejean, 1834 over Phligra Laporte, 1840 [Tenebrionidae], Euphron Dejean, 1834 over Derosphaerus Thomson, 1858 [Tenebrionidae], Pezodontus Dejean, 1834 over Odontopezus Alluaud, 1889 [Tenebrionidae], Anoplosthaeta Dejean, 1835 over Prosopocera Blanchard, 1845 [Cerambycidae], Closteromerus Dejean, 1835 over Hylomela Gahan, 1904 [Cerambycidae], Hebecerus Dejean, 1835 over Ancita Thomson, 1864 [Cerambycidae], Mastigocera Dejean, 1835over Mallonia Thomson, 1857 [Cerambycidae], Zygocera Dejean, 1835 over Disternopsis Breuning, 1939 [Cerambycidae], Australica Chevrolat, 1836 over Calomela Hope, 1840 [Chrysomelidae], Edusa Chevrolat, 1836 over Edusella Chapuis, 1874 [Chrysomelidae], Litosonycha Chevrolat, 1836 over Asphaera Duponchel and Chevrolat, 1842 [Chrysomelidae], and Pleuraulaca Chevrolat, 1836 over Iphimeis Baly, 1864 [Chrysomelidae]. In each of these cases, Reversal of Precedence (ICZN 1999: 23.9) or an applicationto the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature will be necessary to retain usage of the younger synonyms.

Case 3610PhelisterMarseul, 1853 (Insecta, Coleoptera, histeridae): proposed conservation of usage

The purpose of this application, under Article 70.2 of the Code, is to conserve the current usage of the generic name Phelister Marseul, 1853 for a well-established genus of histerid beetles. Modern authors cite either Phelister haemorrhous Marseul, 1853 (designated by Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt, 1976) or Paromalus rouzeti Fairmaire 1850 (designated by Mazur, 1984) as the type species of Phelister. However, the correct, long-overlooked type species is Platysoma venustum LeConte, 1844, which is currently recognized as a valid species of Baconia Lewis, 1885. Acceptance of Platysoma venustum as the type species of Phelister would change the current concept of that genus to that of Baconia, and the species currently included in Phelister would require a new genus-group name as there are no junior synonyms from which to choose the next available name. To avoid the nomenclatural instability that would result from following the Principle of Priority, it is proposed that all type fixations for Phelister Marseul, 1853 preceding that of Phelister haemorrhous Marseul, 1853 by Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt (1976) be set aside.

Case 3605 phycinae Lyneborg, 1976 (Insecta, Diptera, therevidae): proposed emendation of spelling to phycusinae to remove homonymy with phycinae Swainson, 1838 (Osteichthyes, Gadiformes, phycidae); and Phycis Walbaum, 1792 (Osteichthyes, Gadiformes, phycidae): proposed conservation of usage by designation ofBlennius phycisLinnaeus, 1766 as the type species

The purpose of this application, under Articles 29 and 55.3 of the Code, is to remove homonymy between the family-group names phycinae Swainson, 1838 (Osteichthyes, Gadiformes, phycidae) and phycinae Lyneborg, 1976 (Insecta, Diptera, therevidae). It is proposed that the stem of the genus-group name Phycus Walker, 1850, on which the insect family-group name is based, be emended to change the family-group name to phycusinae, leaving the fish family-group name, based on Phycis Walbaum, 1792, unaltered. An issue regarding the type-species of Phycis Walbaum, 1792, came to light in this process, namely that the previously assumed type species, Tinca marina (attributed to Walbaum (1792) and considered a junior synonym of Blennius phycis Linnaeus, 1766), is a nomen nudum. So, an additional purpose of this application, under Articles 78.1 and 81.1 of the Code, is to maintain the prevailing usage of Blennius phycis Linnaeus, 1766 as the de facto type species of Phycis Walbaum, 1792 by setting aside all previous type species designations and designating Blennius phycis Linnaeus, 1766 as the type species.

Crosseolidae, a New Family of Skeneiform Microgastropods and Progress Toward Definition of Monophyletic Skeneidae

Preliminary review of 130 available genus-group names for the notoriously polyphyletic group of skeneiform microgastropods has revealed a concentration of biodiversity in Australasia, primarily on the shelf and on or in clastic substrates. Forty-four of the names are based on type species from Australia or New Zealand, and some of the most speciose genera are abundantly represented and well preserved in the Cenozoic fossil record. Many skeneiform species were not illustrated at the time of description, and remain unillustrated except by inadequate line drawings. Features observed in scanning electron micrographs are used to define a set of new shell characters and to name and diagnose a new vetigastropod family Crosseolidae. Diagnostic features are the shallow anterior canal at the base of the columellar lip, a prominent umbilical keel, and a pseudumbilicus between the umbilical keel and the sharply defined inner lip. The shell of the type species of Crosseola, C. concinna (Angas, 1868), is illustrated with SEM for the first time, along with variation in shells of Crosseola striata (Watson, 1883). Three additional genera are assigned to the family: Conjectura Finlay, 1927, Conradia A. Adams, 1860, and Crossea A. Adams, 1865. Dolicrossea Iredale, 1924 is excluded on external anatomical evidence that the type species is a rissooidean caenogastropod. Intraspecific variation in crosseolids is partly a consequence of terminal growth features: adult variciform thickening of the outer lip, descending suture, and modifications of the columella and umbilical region. A restrictive definition of Skeneidae is provided along with examples of Australasian genera that can be allocated confidently to other families. Three predominantly Australasian groups of Cenozoic skeneiform taxa are identified for intensified study and potential allocation to new families. The constituency of vetigastropod family-groups and inferences of their relationships are too poorly resolved at this time to warrant the use of superfamily names.