Genuine Contact Research Articles

Investigating the Association between Moroccan EFL College Students’ Language Development, Appropriate Development Language Use & Experiential Learning: A Correlational Study

This study is largely driven by the assumption that much of human learning is caught, not taught (Davies, 1998). This assumption indicates that human learning is inextricably context specific and experience based. Conveniently, this study intervenes to investigate the correlation, if any, between context and experience and Moroccan EFL college students’ of language use and appropriacy. More specifically, the study investigates the association between 1) having direct contact and meaningful interactions with others and being exposed to the language in Moroccan EFL students’ day to day experience and 2) their linguistic and pragmatic development. This study largely reflects on Schön’s knowledge in action (1983) and Kolb’s experiential learning theory (1984), which view learning as a product of our experiences and actions. The findings of the study reveal that Moroccan EFL students’ language development is associated with their everyday experiences and actions. Expectedly, the findings demonstrate that the participants’ day to day experience has significantly 1) contributed to their language development, 2) enhanced their appropriate language use, and, importantly 3) promoted their intercultural communicative competence. Additionally, the linguistically and culturally-rich learning experiences that the participants go through and the opportunities of genuine contact and exposure to authentic language in its meaningful context they experience significantly foster the participants’ language development in general and appropriate use in particular.

Transformative Encounters: A Narrative Review of Involving People Living With HIV/AIDS in Public Health Teaching.

Objectives: To collate the experiences of involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in academic public health teaching to inform future public health education models involving people affected by long-term effects of other pandemics. Our goal is to describe interventions in a way that makes them accessible to potential public health teachers hoping to adapt patient involvement paradigms in their teaching of chronic illness brought on by infectious diseases. Methods: Narrative review based on a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar up to September 2021. Fifteen articles that contained a description of a health educational intervention on HIV/AIDS that actively involved PLWHA were included. Results: Interventions either involved PLWHA as teachers and program/curriculum developers or incorporated experiential elements in which students have genuine contact with PLWHA. Creating safe spaces, recognizing PLWHA as experts, relating to each other differently were common transformative elements. Conclusion: Involving PLWHA in public health teaching have transformative and empowering outcomes, both for PLWHA and for learners. This finding should inform new teaching programs that will address the long-term effects of other pandemics such as COVID-19.

Понятие телесности в рецепции представителей феноменологии архитектуры

This article is devoted to the question of corporeality within the phenomenology of architecture. It aims to observe how this term is represented in theoretical works by architects and theorists, such as Alberto Perez-Gomez, Juhani Pallasmaa, and Steven Holl. These theorists are concerned about the social and cultural context of architecture. Furthermore, they pointed out the importance of sensory perception as a key factor in the process of interaction between a building and its user. They believed that pure, genuine contact could only be achieved at the pre-speculative level. They argue that the body does not exist separately from the surrounding space, as well as the space is inextricably linked with its viewer. An experience received by the body through its senses turns into one holistic image. The qualitative characteristics of space — such as length, width, color, depth — are determined solely by the senses, that is, through the body. Thus, the theorists of phenomenological movement emphasize the value of embodiment both in the design and the perception of architecture.

On facing one's students: The relevance of Emmanuel Levinas to teaching in times of Covid-19

AbstractIn this article I show the relevance of Emmanuel Levinas’ notion of primordial teaching for understanding why online teaching cannot adequately mimic face-to-face teaching. I will argue that the current Covid-19 pandemic shows us that being in the immediacy of the embodied presence of one's students is intimately intertwined with being responsive to the needs of students, which highlights that teaching is not only the transmission of intellectual knowledge and skills but first and foremost an ethical attunement to the suffering of the Other. Levinas argues that teaching is in its essence a relation between unique individuals; a uniqueness that originates in the individual's unconditional responsibility to each and every other human being. This unconditional responsibility is for Levinas the non-mediated embodied sensitivity to the needs of the Other; an openness that precedes freedom and the conscious choice of a person. In this article I claim this embodied sensitivity is jeopardised in online education, which makes it harder for the teacher to attune to the needs of every student. The risk we run is that the face of the Other remains ‘plastic’, which makes it more difficult for the teacher to attune to the specific needs of students. I will argue that online teaching should not only concentrate on enabling the transmission of knowledge but should also invest in creating an environment of intimacy that enables responsiveness and genuine contact.

Сюжет «извещение о скорой смерти родителя» в русской литературе ХХ века

The paper identifies and investigates a motif complex formed in the Russian literature of the first half of the 20th century and implemented mainly in the works of the 1960s. It develops the theme of parental melancholy that is widely represented in literature and, influenced by Yesenin’s “Letter to mother,” acquires the motif of death and indirect communication. The plot takes its final shape in K. Simonov’s poems “The Return” and “First love” and develops a stable semantic core in Paustovsky’s short story “The telegram”. This study proves the direct influence of Simonov’s works on Paustovsky. Basic to the plot is the situation of a lonely parent, abandoned by an adult child. There are several stages in the plot development, with the news of the imminent death of a parent being the central event. The younger character receives a letter or a telegram from the parent or his or her surroundings, with a possible duplicate message telling about the forthcoming or incurred parent’s death. In all plot implementations, the child fails to find the parent alive and sometimes ignores the call, actualizing the idea of guilt. Included in the plot is the motif of indirect communication from the parent and the child, both realized and possible. This written communication is perceived as an ersatz of genuine contact and does not relieve the parent’s pain and loneliness. An important micro-detail of the complex is the iconography of waiting: the description of the parent looking at the road (window, door).

Creating the Freedom to Move: Reply to Goldberg and Grusky

In current times, more and more of us are seeing patients who are afraid and unable to make genuine contact with another human being. Their self is more undeveloped than false—more unrealized than broken—and the psychoanalytic, alchemical process of turning reality, truth, and lived experience into meaning often fails, as they wither in psychic encapsulation or retreat. Peter Goldberg and I address the project of how to develop the capacity to play—to help patients come into being and develop a self. Goldberg (this issue) highlights that the analyst’s animating presence and psycho-sensory engagement has alway been present in psychoanalytic processes but usually resides in the background of a treatment, but this crucial inductive dimension of the analytic method comes more to the foreground with the treatment of unintegrated patients. Zoe Grusky (this issue) discusses the medium of play therapy as a means to create transitional space. In my reply, I underscore that a critical component of the project of reclamation, or “inductive dimension” of the treatment with some melancholic patients, is for the analyst to help the patient separate from self-states of non-being that are also anti-life, by meeting the patient where she lives and survive being destroyed; this sort of object-usage is critical to building subjectivity and restoring faith in Life.

Objective comparison of counterfeit contact lenses to genuine contact lenses

Purpose: Counterfeit lenses are becoming increasingly prevalent as a result of online fraud, however, little is known of the actual quality of these lenses and whether they could potentially cause problems for consumers. Novel technology offers a chance to aid in understanding the potential problems of using counterfeit lenses through a complete geometric analysis.

Improving GP communication in consultations on medically unexplained symptoms: a qualitative interview study with patients in primary care.

Many GPs find the care of patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) challenging. Patients themselves are often not satisfied with the care they receive. To explore the problems patients with MUS experience in communication during consultations, with the aim of improving such consultations DESIGN AND SETTING: A qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews. GP consultations were videorecorded and the GPs were asked immediately afterwards whether MUS were presented. Patients in these MUS consultations were asked to reflect on the consultation in a semi-structured interview while watching a recording of their own consultation. Of the 393 videorecorded consultations, 43 contained MUS. Patients who did identified six categories of problems. First, they reported a mismatch between the GP's and their own agenda. Second, patients indicated that the GP evoked an uncomfortable feeling in them during the consultation. Third, they found that GPs did not provide a specific management plan for their symptoms. Fourth, patients indicated that the GP was not well prepared for the consultation. Fifth, they perceived prejudices in the GP during the consultation. Finally, one patient found that the GP did not acknowledge a limited understanding of the origin of the symptoms. According to patients, GPs can improve their consultations on MUS by making genuine contact with their patients, by paying more attention to the patient's agenda, and by avoiding evoking uncomfortable feelings and displaying prejudices. They should prepare their consultations and focus on the issues that matter to patients, for example, symptom management. GPs should be honest to patients when they do not understand the origin of symptoms.

A Good Death?

This paper offers some personal reflections on the idea of ‘a good death’, a theme in the writing of philosophers since classical times. The hospice movement has made immense progress in creating conditions in which we can ‘die better’. But such experiences are still the exception rather than the rule. The psychological challenge is how to relate to the dying as they are dying, and how as we die we relate to the living. I reflect on my own experience of my father’s death, and a moment of fleeting but genuine contact between us. Atul Gawande’s idea of the ‘hard conversations’ we must learn to have as we approach death are enlightening. Ultimately I argue, we die alone, and how we are, or are not, ‘held in mind’ as we approach death may be an index of the nearest we can approach to the idea of an ‘afterlife’.

Love and the Value of Life in Health Care: A Narrative Medicine Case Study in Medical Education.

This case study is an example of narrative medicine applied to promote self-awareness and develop humanistic contents in medical education. The impact and the human appeal of the narrative lie in the maturity and empathy shown by a student when reporting his dramatic experience during the care given to a newborn (with Patau syndrome and multiple malformations diagnosed at birth) and to her mother. The narrative approach helped the student to be successful in bringing out the meaning behind the story and to position himself from the mother's and newborn's perspective. The student's introspection changed a seemingly scary interaction into a positive experience, overcoming many initial negative emotions, such as fear, disappointment, horror, hopelessness, and insecurity in the face of the unexpected. It is uplifting how the student was strengthened by the power of maternal love to the point of overcoming any remaining feelings of eugenics or rejection. Other important lessons emerging from the case study were the art of listening and the value of silence. This narrative shows how the development of narrative competence can help establish a good physician-patient relationship, because the physician or the student with such competence usually confirms the patient's value and demonstrates concern for them, focusing on what they say and allowing genuine contact to be established, which is necessary for effective therapeutic alliance. The student's interpretations of the meaning of love and value of life inspired him on his reframing process of a medical practice marked by vicarious suffering.

Prawnokarne i kryminalistyczne środki zwalczania zjawiska cyberpedofilii w świetle regulacji zawartych w kodeksie karnym na przykładzie przestępstwa groomingu

Cyberpdofilia is one of the particularly dangerous socially varieties of cybercrime, where potential victims are underage. It is inextricably linked with the development of technology and computers, especially the wide and often uncontrolled access of minors to the Internet. Article focuses on one of the latest crimes classified as cyberpedofilia – groomingu. It consists in establishing by pedophiles and persons with pedophile tendencies via the Internet, contact with minors in order to achieve genuine contact with them and sexual exploitation. This article reviews the issues groomingu shots in the Polish Penal Code of 1997. Attention was in this context to the major problems not only in terms of regulation criminal law, but the prosecution cyberpedophilia, including grooming, resulting from the lack of a clear and precise interpretation of the term „pedophile”. The article contains an overview of behavior on the Internet, exhaustive signs grooming, then the discussion of the problems of regulating this crime in the Penal Code of 1997. Due to the potential cross-border nature cyberpedophilia, In this gromming, it must take account of international obligations in the field of law enforcement Polish pedophilia. The conclusions noted that it adopted in the Polish criminal law solutions to cyberpedophilia and grooming arouse significant reservations doctrine of criminal law. During de lege ferenda should therefore pay attention to the need to take them into account.

The elephant tied up with string: a clinical case study showing the importance of NHS provision of intensive, time-limited psychoanalytic psychotherapy treatments

Prof. Richard Layard's influential advocacy for greater provision of ‘evidence-based’ psychological therapies, based in part on an economic rationale, has lead to greatly increased provision of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and short-term therapies for depression, through the Increasing Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative, whilst longer-term psychodynamic treatments are under threat, criticised as lacking an evidence base. This paper argues for the continuing provision of intensive thrice-weekly psychoanalytic psychotherapy treatments, time-limited to two years. It does so by describing such a treatment within an NHS psychotherapy department with a patient with a long history of severe personality pathology, including significant levels of perversity. The paper describes the patient's difficulties and his movement through the treatment, focussing on his difficulties making genuine emotional contact, his destructiveness of such contact, his acting out in the treatment, his perversity and the vital working through of the ending. The shifts the patient made are described, and follow-up information on the patient is given. The paper discusses the unique benefits of time-limited treatment and intensive psychoanalytic treatments for this ‘hard-to-help’ group of patients, and the economic rationale that can be made for such treatments.

Intergenerational Relations and Cooperation

The goal of this paper is to analyze intergenerational relations and cooperation in Slovenia and suggest activities that could bring together different generations. The paper discusses issues of intergenerational cooperation, which contributes substantially to solidarity, tolerance and quality of interpersonal relations, both, from a wider social viewpoint as well as from a narrower family viewpoint. Thus, ageing of people has become a characteristic feature of demographic development in world. Developments in society such as geographic mobility, divorce, and nuclear families have led to increasing gap between old and young and minimized opportunities for children to interact with grandparents or other older people (Kupetz, 1993). As Bernard and Phillips (2000) explain the situation of older people is becoming increasingly important element in social policy debates and urgent need for an integrated social policy which addresses broad needs of ageing society. With a low birth rate and prolongation of life, classic inter-generational relationships in Slovenia are quickly changing, therefore it is demanded from policymakers, that in cooperation with experts and civil society, they re-define them. The prevalence of older generation is increasing more and more. Older people often encounter problems like loneliness, depression, loss of motor and functional abilities; they are also prone to various illnesses. For elderly, loneliness especially can represent a common problem which makes them past rich lives empty and unworthy. On other hand, fast technological development, changes in way of living, also changes their habits which are linked to different periods of a person’s development. For this reason it comes to differences between generations and they are noticeable especially among younger and older generation. The younger generation grows with technology which often leads to addiction and lack of genuine contacts with people, especially with other generations (Ramovs, 2003). Changes in economic systems, way of life itself and development in technology also leads to changes in habits, values, goals of generation, etc., which subsequently creates differences between older and younger generation in different periods. Every generation is, due to environmental effects, marked by events in a specific period of time that influence its behavior and values. These events are amongst others wars, crisis, moves, prolonged life span, change of lifestyle, fast technological development, globalization, etc. Periodically, classification in USA and Slovenia differs because of different political and economic system.

Teaching English through cultural lenses. A perspective on initial teacher training programs

1 IntroductionThis paper consists of two parts: the first one intends to provide details regarding the intertwined relationship between and language and the reasons for which this connection should be applied in the field of foreign languages, while the second aims to present a study that has been conducted in order to better understand the would-be teacher's interest in addressing different objectives. In order to provide more details about the students' profile there has been organized a feed-forward session and there have been applied some follow-up questions.2 Language and cultureLanguage and cannot be viewed apart since ''language is not a culture-free code'' (Kramsch, 1998:8). The interlocutor inevitably makes use through language of different social roles that are appropriate for a specific situation. ''Language need to attend to variables (e.g. age, status, age, gender and education) that are especially sensitive to different cultural interpretations, which in turn, may result in miscommunication'' (Meier in Guerra, Flor, Juan 2003:195) even if the intended message obeys the rules of grammar. Kramsch (1998:32) suggests that the register, the tone of one's voice, the distribution of the silence and the choice of lexical and grammatical structures are markers of identity. These details should be taken into account by any interlocutor who wants to engage effectively in a conversation. Knowledge of these details can also offer a perspective on the complex manner of interpreting a message.Acquiring a new language also implies the learning of the conceptual structures available in the foreign language because learners have not only to master the grammatical structures and communicative peculiarities of the new language but also, in order to be native like, they have to learn to think as native speakers do, perceive the world the way native speakers and use the language metaphorically as native speakers do (Kecskes, Papp 2000:9). Since most foreign language are exposed to this reconceptualization in an artificial environment in which sociocultural knowledge is constructed with the help of course books and other authentic resources there might appear grammatical and lexical problems due to a negative language transfer from the mother tongue.3 Initial teacher training programs - A general philosophyInitial teacher training programs should focus on a constructivist approach to and learning since this perspective ''aims to prepare the individual for an active integration in a democratic society'' (Boco? 2007:55). Boco? (2007:56) suggests that a constructivist design would place the learning activity in contexts that are relevant for the learner, would favour the self-reflective attitude towards the learning process and would include learning within social experience. These also represent some of the guidelines promoted by the intercultural education.Would-be teachers enrolled in initial teacher training programs need to be fully aware that [A] foreign language environment presents a unique challenge to the language because they have to enhance background knowledge and sociocultural competence without direct contact with the target language environment and culture (Kecskes, Papp 2000:108). This lack of genuine contact with the sociocultural background should be sustained with activities and resources that focus on developing students' cultural knowledge, communication skills and interaction abilities in the target language. These represent according to Byram (1997: 34-37) the key elements for attaining intercultural communicative competence. Still, being able to speak in a foreign language does not transform the speaker into an intercultural speaker endowed with intercultural competence since the latter (...) is not a 'natural' or 'automatic' result of foreign language teaching Meyer (1991: 157). …

Kampania wyborcza na fotelu prezydenckim – skuteczne metody zarządzania informacją w mieście

The paper discusses the role new media play in the information policy of a politician running for office based on the example of the campaign run by the candidate for the office of president of Radomsko, Anna Milczanowska. As the Internet is becoming increasingly influential and the interest in social platforms increases, the assumptions of PR activities have changed. The paper emphasizes that at present the senders of a message do not require traditional media to reach the recipient. It demonstrates that the proverbial ‘single click’ of a mouse is sufficient to notify thousands about the sender’s activities. This thoroughly changes the position of PR officers, as one-way communication has been replaced by a two-way dialogue once and for all. Local authorities have obtained a new tool which on the one hand facilitates genuine contact, but on the other, subjects them to a greater degree of social assessment.

Interspecies Etiquette in Place: Ethical Affordances in Swim-With-Dolphins Programs

Situated in the liminal spaces where marine and terrestrial worlds come together to form swim-with-dolphin programs, this paper examines impacts of place upon human-dolphin interactions. Motivated by a strong desire to get close to a dolphin, many people seek out opportunities to swim with dolphins, but what is the nature of these programs and how are they actually experienced by participants? If people are seeking genuine contact with a dolphin, does context make a significant difference? Moreover, can and do swim-with-dolphin programs afford ethical ways of interacting with dolphins? These questions are addressed through examining three representative swim-with-dolphin programs. Comparative analysis further illustrates how place is vital to engagements of interspecies etiquette.

Abstract 3399: STAT3 promotes metastasis to the brain: Demonstrated by protein, gene, and functional analysis

Abstract Brain metastasis affects an estimated 10% of cancer patients with metastatic disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. The most common primary tumors causing brain metastasis are adenocarcinoma of the lung or breast. While recent studies have demonstrated the genetic basis of such metastases, the molecular cause(s) of brain metastases remains largely elusive. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been shown to control various cellular functions and regulates the immune response. STAT3 is activated in various aggressive carcinomas. We hypothesize that STAT3 may play a role in metastatic brain tumors. Metastatic brain tumors were analyzed for expression of activated STAT3Tyr705 by immunohistochemical analysis. Gene expression profiling (17,000 gene chip) was performed in metastatic tumor samples, and STAT3 regulated genes were evaluated. Functional analysis such as cell motility and proliferation were investigated by chemotactic migration and MTT assay, respectively. The results of this study showed that a significant number of metastatic tumors to brain (75%) demonstrated nuclear expression of pSTAT3Tyr705. A significant number of these tumors also expressed mutant-p53 and activated MAPK. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that 32 STAT3-associated genes were significantly altered. Upregulated genes included stathmin-1 and stathmin-like 3 that control mictotubule dynamics in migrating cells and are associated with STAT3-related migration. The upregulation of stathmin-like 3 (also called SCG10-like-protein or SCLIP) also interacts with STAT3 in the maintenance of cellular dynamics involved in cell-cell attachment. The gp130-related interleukin 6 signal transducer gene, which is generally involved in STAT3-dependent glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) induction during nerve regeneration, was inhibited. The suppression of STAT3-regulated gene oncostatin M receptor, which regulates metastasis, was observed. Furthermore, protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3), that suppresses activated STAT3 levels, was downregulated. Functional analysis revealed that cell proliferation of breast cancer cells (MCF7 cells) was enhanced in an astrocytic environment. Chemotactic analysis showed that breast cancer cells migrated toward astrocytic media. In addition, co-culture analysis demonstrated that astrocytes and tumor cells have an affinity for each other and make genuine cell-cell contact. These results indicate that STAT3 activation plays a significant role in brain metastasis by itself as well as by altering downstream target genes that regulate various cellular functions. Furthermore, the astrocytic milieu promotes the metastatic potential of tumor cells. Therefore, the activation of STAT3 promotes metastasis to brain, and may serve as a target for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3399.

The Courage to Speak and Hear the Truth: Sympathy and Genuine Human Contact in Harriet Beecher Stowe's The Minister's Wooing

This article argues that in The Minister's Wooing, Stowe analyzes the conditions under which sympathy enables the experience of genuine human contact. Like contemporary relational psychoanalytic theorists, Stowe posits that true sympathy, marked by conflict and blunt speech, precedes empathic identification. Because Puritanism authorizes both, it has important, though qualified, psychological benefits.

Deuteron form factors in chiral effective theory: Regulator-independent results and the role of two-pion exchange

We evaluate the deuteron charge, quadrupole, and magnetic form factors using wave functions obtained from chiral effective theory ($\chi$ET) when the potential includes one-pion exchange, chiral two-pion exchange, and genuine contact interactions. We study the manner in which the results for form factors behave as the regulator is removed from the $\chi$ET calculation, and compare co-ordinate- and momentum-space approaches. We show that, for both the LO and NNLO chiral potential, results obtained by imposing boundary conditions in co-ordinate space at $r=0$ are equivalent to the $\Lambda \to \infty$ limit of momentum-space calculations. The regulator-independent predictions for deuteron form factors that result from taking the $\Lambda \to \infty$ limit using the LO $\chi$ET potential are in reasonable agreement with data up to momentum transfers of order 600 MeV, provided that phenomenological information for nucleon structure is employed. In this range the use of the NNLO $\chi$ET potential results in only small changes to the LO predictions, and it improves the description of the zero of the charge form factor.

Organizational Change and the Analytic Third: Locating and Attending to Unconscious Organizational Psychodynamics

This article examines the concept of the analytic third in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically informed organizational change. The analytic third is often defined as the psychological (triangular) space between self and other, subject and object, fantasy and reality – the third dimension that emerges from two persons fully engaged in the exploration of unconscious meanings, reasons, motives and actions. In neo-Kleinian object relations, it is viewed as the intersubjective dimension of transference and counter-transference, or the emergence in analytic work of the observation and experience of “I-as-subject” and “Me-as-object” (Ogden, 1994). The analytic third is what we create when we make genuine contact with one another at a deeper emotional level of experience whether in dyads, groups, communities, or organizations. It might be understood as akin to but not synonymous with Winnicott's (1971) notion of the transitional and potential space, where culture, play, creativity and imagination, reside. A case illustration is provided to better articulate the nature of the analytic third in the processes of observing, participating, and intervening in organizations.