Language Genre Research Articles

Spelling Features of SMS Communication in Russian and Croatian Languages

In this article, we define the range of problems associated with spelling rules used in mobile communication, with a focus on SMS communication. SMS messages are one of the most common methods of communication today. The subject of our research is the language of private SMS, which is difficult to describe. This is explained by the liberties users take with the norms of the literary language, as well as the appearance of numerous regionalisms, vulgarisms, dialectisms, neologisms, etc. Although we are talking about colloquial vocabulary, not literary, and SMS messages that do not observe spelling rules, we note that some patterns exist and are used in both Russian and Croatian languages. We can say that with the advent of virtual communication, in contrast to the traditional (written) genres of spoken language, new modern genres and styles of written colloquial speech have appeared; that is, new rules are established and created that differ from the rules of traditional spelling. Drawing on the latest research on this topic, we analyse SMS messages at the spelling level. The corpus of the studied texts includes several dozen SMS messages of different styles of speech, which reflect some of the features of SMS communication in the Russian and Croatian languages.

Особливості педагогічного спілкування в контексті мовленнєвих жанрів

The article focuses on the theoretical disclosure of basic concepts on the problem of pedagogical communication of future primary school teachers, the peculiarities of language genres. The teacher's ability to organize work in the classroom largely determines the performance of pedagogical interaction. First, the teacher uses typical speech organization models - speech genres. It is noted that the pedagogical speech genre is a historically established unit of professionally oriented communication, which is characterized by a special communicative task, a certain content, methods of speech and the expected reaction of the interlocutor, as well as an environment that allows the language concept to be fully realized. Some approaches of scientists on the definition of the concepts of «pedagogical communication», «genre of speech», «speech genre», classification of genres are presented. It is emphasized that a competent choice of language means, mastery of all genres of pedagogical speech testifies to the language competence of the teacher. Any genre is a complex model that includes several components. The choice of each of the genres is based on the implementation of the task of language pedagogical communication, which was set by the teacher. The participation of future teachers in the construction of pedagogical discourse will help them in the future to independently build a model of any pedagogical or social phenomenon in accordance with the norms of cultural activities.

Analysis of President Xi’s Speech at the Extraordinary G20 Leaders’ Summit in light of Systemic Functional Grammar

Politics is a genre of language, and language is the manifestation of politics (Mazrui, 2008). Political discourse not only plays an important role in the process of national external communication but also conveys certain ideology and political intentions. Based on interpersonal function in Systemic Functional Grammar and using President Xi’s speech at the Extraordinary G20 Leaders’ Summit as the original data, this paper analyzes and explores how this speech can achieve discourse function through personal pronouns, mood, and modality. In addition, this paper reveals how various linguistic resources are used to realize interpersonal meaning in political discourse.

The notion of state language

The authors of the article focus on the notion of “state language” in an attempt to identify its role linguistically and as it pertains to its legal status. Despite the fact that it is generally understood, the usage of this term is often associated with different notions, resulting in an uncertainty of its meaning. The authors analyze the principles and purposes of establishing a state language, compare the meaning of the term in Russian with similar terms in other languages, including those which were included in the recommendations by UNESCO experts in 1953, and compare the notion with linguistic categories. They conclude that “state language” is a legal concept rather than linguistic or lingvo-didactical. State language is a legal status given to a language in the aim of ensuring the unity of a state (as political nation) and establishing a common public communicative and cultural space along with establishing formal rules which require observance, in the spheres, normatively defined, that form the scope of public communication. The scope includes not only interaction with the state, but also encompasses a much greater area of language domains. These aims do not restrict the content of state language by one functional language style in order to acknowledge its social dialect or genre of language. Functions of organizing a common communicative space for the state language is executed with the linguistic category of standard (literary) language, based on the idea that this part of a national (in linguistic meaning) language is able to provide effective communication between different language communities.

Black Feminism - Ain’t I A Woman by Sojourner Truth

Literature has traditionally been applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intention of their authors and perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution. Literature may be classified according to a variety of systems including language national origin, historical period, genre, and subject matter. The eleventh edition of Merriam Webster’s collegiate Dictionary considers literature to be “Writing” having excellence of form of expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest. “Ain’t I A Woman” was a speech delivered by Sojourner Truth in 1857 in women’s convention, Akron, Ohio. This paper analysis the speech of Sojourner Truth and analysis the main points as theme, symbol, characters and imagery aspects. This speech was concluded with the sufferings of Negros of the South and the women at the North.

Conversation Analysis as a Discourse Approach to Teaching Speaking Skill

<p>Conversation comes as two ways communication used in daily activities. The large numbers of conversations lead some researchers to analyze it. Conversation has been the primary interest to language researchers since natural, unplanned, everyday conversation is the most commonly occurring and universal language genre (Riggenbach, 1999). Conversation is a speech activity in which all members of a community routinely participate. Among other approaches to discourse analysis used in teaching speaking, conversation analysis (CA) is one of the convenient practical devices in teaching oral English in the classroom. This paper aims to explore the theoretical basis for conversational analysis and examine the techniques applying a discourse approach to teaching speaking in the classroom.</p>

La retroalimentación durante el proceso de escritura de la tesis en carreras de pedagogía: Descripción de los comentarios escritos de los profesores guías

Studies about feedback in writing have been oriented towards research on the learning of L2, with emphasis in the analysis of corrective feedback, that is, the use of the code by the learners. Studies about feedback oriented towards the appropriation of a discourse genre in L1 are still scarce. In the university context, the writing of a thesis or dissertation is a challenging and complex process, that requires diverse instances of feedback. In this way students can achieve the text required, according to the expectations of the academic community they are in. The objective of this research is, precisely, to describe the written comments (2070) that 12 supervisor teachers provide to 3 consecutive drafts to their students. The study is in the context of a major research and was carried out in four pedagogy programs of two Chilean universities in Concepcion city. To examine what the teachers comment the following categories of corrective comments, comments oriented to genre and object were applied. To describe how the teachers comment the categories or mode and hedged comments were applied. The results show that participants provide feedback to different aspects of the thesis writing, with a special emphasis to the drafts adjustment to the characteristics the genre and use of language. The role teachers predominately assume in their comments is the one of expert who has the authority to correct, give orders or make judgements, and acting as conveyors of the thesis genre.

Writing recounts of habitual events: Investigating a genre‐based approach

This multiple case study investigated the application of the genre‐based approach (GBA) in a second‐semester university‐level Arabic class. This article depicts the linguistic features that make possible the recounting of habitual events (recount) in Arabic and outlines how during the GBA, both (1) the notion of purpose for writing and (2) the connection between that purpose and the necessary language features helped students produce culturally informed recounts. An analysis of the writing of three students, representing three different performance levels, before and after having received instruction in genre‐based writing, revealed differences in the linguistic resources that students employed to convey meaning. Implications for foreign language genre pedagogy are discussed.

Grammaire du sms by Aurélia Robert-Tissot

Reviewed by: Grammaire du sms by Aurélia Robert-Tissot Amanda Dalola Robert-Tissot, Aurélia. Grammaire du sms. PU de Vincennes, 2018. ISBN 978-2-84292-809-4. Pp. 384. This book explores the timely question of how the grammar used in SMS (text messages) differs structurally from the grammar of normative French. The inquiry focuses specifically on the omission of grammatical subjects (pro-drop), which it explores via an analysis of the French-language section of the Swiss SMS Corpus (sms4science.ch). Employing an innovative methodology that pairs variationist methods with formal syntactic analysis from the generative framework, the study yields a comprehensive glimpse of the distribution of subject pronoun omission, from both the top down and bottom up, in a nascent genre of hybrid language. The book begins with a justification for SMS-language as an object of formal analysis, which the author argues is more closely related to spoken language, and, therefore, more revealing of ongoing changes than other genres more closely tied to written language and bound by presentation. Five chapters follow, the first of which establishes the body of previous sociolinguistic analyses of SMS and lays the conceptual generative groundwork for defining a grammatical subject and the process by which it might be omitted. Subsequent sections frame the study by presenting the research hypotheses, [End Page 252] introducing the test corpus, and articulating the methodologies to be applied sequentially. The variationist analysis is discussed first, yielding certain probabilistic findings: subject omission, although attested, happens in less than ten percent of SMS but is conclusively conditioned by pragmatic, syntactic and phonological factors, such as the referentiality of the subject, the overt expression of a conjugated verb in the same utterance, and the appearance of a weak syllable at the beginning of an intonation group, respectively. The generative analysis picks up where the variationist one left off—with the assumption that omitted referential subjects can be equated to familiar topics called"null morphemes"—and provides theoretical support for the quantitative findings. The finale sees the delicate emulsification of quantitative and theoretical outcomes to propose omission of the referential subject as a specific type of topic-drop featuring post-syntactic erasure of the familiar topic in the left periphery. The hybrid yet specialized nature of this text makes it valuable for syntacticians and sociolinguists alike, as a model for not only applying the methodologies native to one's subdiscipline, but for observing how well the other informs your own in its ability to disassemble the data in some other way. The format of this work, although divided into chapters, is not ideal for piece-meal consumption—instead, the book reads like a multi-stage experiment née dissertation that is most digestible as a whole. The pinnacle of the study—the researcher's ability to thoughtfully and impactfully marry quantitative and theoretical methods into a single multi-faceted discussion—is both noteworthy and one linguists in all sub-disciplines and language-families should strive to emulate. Published in a linguistic landscape where text messages now far outnumber calls and emails, this inquiry paves the way for future linguists of all stripes to examine language change by mining the hyper-evolving genre of SMS. Amanda Dalola University of South Carolina Copyright © 2019 American Association of Teachers of French

Enthymeme, metonymy and method: comparing genre-bound rhetorical deviations between languages through corpus studies

ABSTRACTThis paper draws from comparative rhetoric and contrastive stylistics and, by resorting to corpus linguistics methodologies, looks into possible quantitative descriptions of rhetorical deviations that are present in source texts within different language pairs and genres, in an attempt to map patterns of deviation, actual or expected, in translated texts, as a possible method to circumvent the epistemological limitations of one-to-one (language-to-language or text-to-text) comparisons. An experiment on the rhetorical use of metonymies and enthymemes within persuasive discourse in English and Spanish is discussed. Guidelines are proposed for the development of potentially comprehensive methodologies.

Textual transformation of an Arabic poem into an American rap song

Abstract Arabic poetry and English rap are strikingly different products owing to the divergent language pairs and genre pairs. This study examines the nature and degree of change in translating the content of Arabic poetry into English rap. It studies three main content-based elements in the original Arabic poem and attempts to identify any changes in the target rap song in light of the conventional rap themes. The authors gathered study evidence from the translation of Nizar Qabbani’s famous poem “Qariat il-Finjan” into the rap song “Finjan” by the Syrian-American translator and rapper Omar Offendum. The data provides ample evidence that rendering Arabic poems into English rap songs can be achieved with a high level of success, yet with a considerable degree of adaptation to fit the target genre’s thematic conventions. The study points to how the considerable thematic adaptations fit into identity politics, youth culture and liberation theology which are distinctive features of the rap impulse.

ДІЛОВИЙ ТЕКСТ ЯК ЖАНРОВИЙ І ТЕКСТОВИЙ ФЕНОМЕН

The article deals with the analysis of business texts – contracts, business letters and tender documents, which are considered as the main regulatory documents in many business spheres of society. It has been established that any business text has its own communicative purpose, but in general, all documents tend to force the addressee to enter into a language contact. The basic rules for forming business text are defined. The affiliation of business texts to the official-business language genres from the point of view of linguistic and extra-language factors has been confirmed. The basic regularities of functioning of business texts are established. It was noted that business text is a speech product, which is the result of the work of communicants – business partners, addressed to both of them, emphasizing the communicative efforts of both parties when creating a business document. It is emphasized that the universal features, such as regulation, logic, and precise structuring according to the relevant genre rules of business text, are determined by the motives and goals of the text-making process.The syntactic-compositional structure is based on common and individual components. The first one is in each genre text and the other component is with variable factors of the text (participants in business communication, the name of the product or service). These components are mainly accented in the three-dimensional composition – introductory, main and final.

A Bilingual, Bicultural Approach to Detachment and Appraisal in the Law: Tracing Impersonality and Interaction in English and Spanish Legal Op-Eds

The present research study carries out a contrastive analysis between two corpora of legal opinion columns as special types of genres, with a view to assess their opposing patterns of impersonality—authorial detachment—and attitude—emotion, judgment, appreciation, taking as a point of departure appraisal theory, or the interpretation of Halliday's Systemic-Functional Linguistics (1994/2004) by the so-called Sydney School. The long-established perspective is that legal genres are highly impersonal; authoritative instruments representing an intentional exercise of elitist and exclusionary practices. However, the hypothesis embedded in the present study is that some texts, such as news editorials and op-eds, constitute hybrid genres where the writer makes use of all kinds of inducement devices to support his/her theses with effectiveness and credibility (Dafouz in J Pragmat 40:95-113, 2008), nonetheless retaining one of the basic traits of monogloss legal discourse: impersonality. However, it is hypothesized that this hybridity is to take place in different degrees, in tune with the influence exerted by legal system that constitutes the background of each corpus. To prove such a point, 40 legal op-eds—roughly, a thirty-five-thousand-word corpus in English and Spanish overall—were scrutinized, having been extracted from the specialized legal sections of two national newspapers of undisputed prestige as opinion-formation media. Through a contrastive study, the purpose of the present work was set to describe, explain and assess how lexicogrammar devices unveil interesting differences between the expression of impersonality and attitude in legal opinion columns as genres in either language, hence reflecting different ways in which the law is envisioned in each of the particular legal systems they belong to.

СВОЄРІДНІСТЬ ЗАГАДКИ ЯК ЖАНРУ ФОЛЬКЛОРНОГО ДИСКУРСУ

The article is sanctifi ed to research of the Ukrainian folk riddles in the folklore picture of the world. The specifi c of genre, his intercommunication, is educed with other folklore genres, nature of language genre of riddle is analysed as to the constituent of discourse, the features of functioning of language genre of riddle are considered in the different types of discourse. Pragmatic potential of riddles is analysed, hierarchical properties of text are described. The basis of the formation of any type of discourse is a picture of the world refl ects certain mental characteristics. The media of modern culture lives simultaneously in several discursive spaces. Cognitive models undergo signifi cant changes depending on the communicative purpose, conditions of implementation discourse. Consequently, the discursive picture of the world is determined. The originality of the genre due to the anthropocentric interpretation of objects and the refl ection of the relationship of conceptual and language pictures of the world in the puzzle. The correlation of the two pictures of the world beamed directly to the structural-semantic organization of the riddles (the answer and the code part). Categorization of riddles on topics enriched with potential meanings and is marked by cultural and ethnic specifi city is a certain aspect of the Ukrainian conceptosphere. Shaped (code) part is a verbal way of conceptualizing the world. The features of the language picture of the world modern (children and adults) of the mysteries is most clearly found in the classical mysteries, which are a kind of Bank of ideas and opportunities for further self-development genre.

Влияние жанрово-стилистического развития русской письменной речи XI–XVII веков на словообразовательные процессы

Влияние жанрово-стилистического развития русской письменной речи XI–XVII веков на словообразовательные процессы

УПРАВЛІНСЬКИЙ ДИСКУРС В КОМУНІКАТИВНІЙ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ДЕРЖАВИ ТА СУСПІЛЬСТВА

The article considers managerial discourse in the communicative interaction of the state and society. It is determined that in the structure of managerial discourse there are two radically opposed roles in the system of executive management bodies – the subject and object of management or the addressee and recipient of information, since the communication process itself can be traced from these two angles. A number of specific features of management discourse that distinguish it from other types of organizational and managerial activities are clarified, the main ones being impersonality, stability, high level of regulatory regulation, loyalty and state level of responsibility. Managerial discourse, which acts as a link between the state and society, is often identified with the state in the understanding of the general public. Managerial discourse is transformed under the influence of changes in society, but changes in the state and state management bodies are decisive in this process. It is proved that the functions of managerial discourse in the communicative interaction of the state and society are defined by the boundaries of publicity and privacy. The public sphere space can be considered as a management sphere. The boundaries of private space are usually narrowed and localized in a specific location. It is much more correlated with the personality of the individual. Also, management discourse is presented in four component planes: the environment, which means the situation, the type of social event, its purposefulness, ideological and social conditions; the social subject, which is determined by the role relationships, social status, social activity of participants, as well as their personal relationships; the content, including goals and intentions, worldview positions, knowledge of norms and rules of communication, the general fund of knowledge; text from the point of view of such parameters as the topic of speech communication, compositional construction of utterances, attribution to any language genre, and the specifics of the selected language elements for speech interaction).

La socialización infantil bilingüe en San Isidro Buensuceso, Tlaxcala, México

In this article, we analyse the different processes of language socialization that are carried out in San Isidro Buensuceso, Tlaxcala, Mexico. In this community, 77% of the population is bilingual. They speak Nahuatl and Spanish, the remaining 23% are Spanish monolinguals. San Isidro Buensuceso is a particular case of language maintenance in the Malintzin region which is characterised by a rapid language shift. In most of the communities surrounding the Malintzin volcano, Nahuatl is mainly spoken by adults and late adults. Young people and children are fluent Spanish speakers with some command of Nahuatl as a receptive competence. For this research, an ethnographic work was carried out in the community with special attention to three families. The study shows that there is not a unique model of language socialization but three approaches on a continuum that goes from more Nahuatl on one extreme to more Spanish on the other. Two conclusions can be derived from the research. On the one hand, due to the high number of bilinguals in each family, some children do not learn Nahuatl from their parents but from some other members of the family or friends; on the other hand, child bilingualism disguises the real level of Nahuatl spoken by younger generations. The research shows that some children, although considered bilingual by their parents, command very few language genres in the indigenous language. This way, language shift continue growing without much noticing. This research contributes to the languages shift theory by signalling that languages do not disappear or are shifted at once but through the erosion and substitution of language genres.

Implicit causality bias in adults with traumatic brain injury

IntroductionIndividuals with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury often experience impairments in pragmatic language functions. Pragmatic language has been studied primarily in connected language genres such as narratives. It may be, however, that individuals with traumatic brain injury also miss microscopic cues, such as social cues embedded in single word meanings or sentence structure. The current study examined one type of sentence-level pragmatic language cue: implicit causality bias. Implicit causality bias is the attribution of an interpersonal transitive verb action to either the subject noun phrase or object noun phrase of a sentence, and is an inherent property of English-language verbs. MethodIn this study, 19 adults with traumatic brain injury and 18 typical adults were asked to provide sensible and spontaneous completions to 96 sentence fragments. Each fragment contained one interpersonal transitive verb and two noun phrases to which the cause of the verb could be attributed. ResultsAdults with traumatic brain injury showed significantly less implicit causality bias than typical adults, and also made more errors in assigning the causality of a clause. ConclusionsThese results challenge assumptions regarding intact implicit processing in adults with traumatic brain injury, and reveal mechanisms by which communication could fail in everyday social interactions.

The Effect of Genre Awareness on English Translation Quality and Pedagogy: A Case of News Reports Translation as an Academic Curriculum

To produce an adequate translation, language students are required to learn varieties of language features including syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Considering the curriculum language learners are face with, one can claim that almost all language students in Iran are taught these features in their academic settings including linguistic courses. Yet, there are some aspects of language which are disregarded in course books and syllabi and ignored by language teachers. Thus, language learners find it a formidable task to deal with these shrugged off aspects of their curricula. Genre of language is among these invisible features which have challenged translation students in translating specific texts. News reports is one of these genres that Iranian media translators, in spite of enjoying technical competence in language, are not familiar with knowledge and rhetorical conventions of it. So, the current is conducted to investigate the familiarity of these translators with genre features of news discourse and examine the effect of raising genre awareness on developing the quality of translation. To this aim, fourteen translation students studying translation for media purpose were selected through convenient sampling who were given some news reports to translate. Using Baker’s taxonomy (1992) and House’s quality assessment model (1997), the quality of their translations were assessed before genre awareness raising session and after it. The findings showed that the quality of translation ameliorated meaningfully after the instruction, indicating the importance of genre knowledge in linguistic competence. These findings have implications for syllabus designers and EAP and ESP teachers and students.

A GRATITUDE AS A RITUAL LINGUISTIC GENRE OF A POLITICAL DISCUSSION

The article is devoted to the analysis of gratitude as a speech genre of ritual political communication. The purpose of the article – to analyze the genre features of gratitude as a kind of political text; which envisaged the formulation of such tasks: to define the concept of the speech genre and to outline the degree of his study in linguistics; to consider the specifics of ritual speech genres of political communication; to analyze the speech genre of gratitude in the Ukrainian ritual political discourse. Object of research – ritual displays of Ukrainian political discourse; subject - a speech genre of gratitude in the Ukrainian political discourse. The main issues of the theory of speech genres are considered, the views on the typology of Ukrainian ritual speech genres in political discourse are presented and the genre of gratitude is described. The genre and language specificity of gratitude in Ukrainian political discourse is compared with other ritual genres. The language genre is a communicative phenomenon, the type of organization of discourse, which involves a specific pragmatic method of the speaker, the selection of special expressions and lexical means, the expression of the individual picture of the world. For political communication, such speech genres are characteristic: greetings, festive treatment, gratitude, obituary and compassion, inaugural speech. Gratitude is the language genre of etiquette communication, it is not related to the political ritual directly, it specifies the contribution of the addressee to political life, has a specific addressee, and at the formal level is a dialogic written communication. For a particular implementation, political greetings are designed not only for the immediate addressee, but also for the target audience, the audience, therefore, perform the image function.