Genotypic Diversity Research Articles

Diversity in stomatal and hydraulic responses to post-flowering drought in common (Phaseolus vulgaris) and tepary (P. acutifolius) beans.

Plants differ widely in how soil drying affects stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water potential (ψleaf), and in the underlying physiological controls. Efforts to breed crops for drought resilience would benefit from a better understanding of these mechanisms and their diversity. We grew 12 diverse genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and four of tepary bean (P. acutifolius; a highly drought resilient species) in the field under irrigation and post-flowering drought, and quantified responses of gs and ψleaf, and their controls (soil water potential [ψsoil], evaporative demand [Δw] and plant hydraulic conductance [K]). We hypothesised that (i) common beans would be more "isohydric" (i.e., exhibit strong stomatal closure in drought, minimising ψleaf decline) than tepary beans, and that genotypes with larger ψleaf decline (more "anisohydric") would exhibit (ii) smaller increases in Δw, due to less suppression of evaporative cooling by stomatal closure and hence less canopy warming, but (iii) larger K declines due to ψleaf decline. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that half of the common bean genotypes were similarly anisohydric to most tepary beans; canopy temperature was cooler in isohydric genotypes leading to smaller increases in Δw in drought; and that stomatal closure and K decline were similar in isohydric and anisohydric genotypes. gs and ψleaf were virtually insensitive to drought in one tepary genotype (G40068). Our results highlight the potential importance of non-stomatal mechanisms for leaf cooling, and the variability in drought resilience traits among closely related crop legumes.

Single-cell detection of copy number changes reveals dynamic mechanisms of adaptation to antifungals in Candida albicans.

Genomic copy number changes are associated with antifungal drug resistance and virulence across diverse fungal pathogens, but the rate and dynamics of these genomic changes in the presence of antifungal drugs are unknown. Here we optimized a dual-fluorescent reporter system in the diploid pathogen Candida albicans to quantify haplotype-specific copy number variation (CNV) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the single-cell level with flow cytometry. We followed the frequency and dynamics of CNV and LOH at two distinct genomic locations in the presence and absence of antifungal drugs in vitro and in a murine model of candidiasis. Copy number changes were rapid and dynamic during adaptation to fluconazole and frequently involved competing subpopulations with distinct genotypes. This study provides quantitative evidence for the rapid speed at which diverse genotypes arise and undergo dynamic population-level fluctuations during adaptation to antifungal drugs in vitro and in vivo.

Modeling Chickpea Productivity with Artificial Image Objects and Convolutional Neural Network.

The chickpea plays a significant role in global agriculture and occupies an increasing share in the human diet. The main aim of the research was to develop a model for the prediction of two chickpea productivity traits in the available dataset. Genomic data for accessions were encoded in Artificial Image Objects, and a model for the thousand-seed weight (TSW) and number of seeds per plant (SNpP) prediction was constructed using a Convolutional Neural Network, dictionary learning and sparse coding for feature extraction, and extreme gradient boosting for regression. The model was capable of predicting both traits with an acceptable accuracy of 84-85%. The most important factors for model solution were identified using the dense regression attention maps method. The SNPs important for the SNpP and TSW traits were found in 34 and 49 genes, respectively. Genomic prediction with a constructed model can help breeding programs harness genotypic and phenotypic diversity to more effectively produce varieties with a desired phenotype.

Leveraging the complex interplay between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, seasonal dynamics, and genotypic diversity to optimize maize productivity in semi-arid agroecosystems

Maize production under low-input agricultural systems in semi-arid areas of Sub-Saharan Africa faces significant challenges, primarily stemming from the synergistic impacts of climate variability and suboptimal agronomic practices. Harnessing soil microbiota, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), represents a pivotal strategy for bolstering low-input systems. However, their functional utility is contingent upon their compatibility with the prevailing environmental conditions and biotic interactions. This study examines the influence of two distinct AMF inoculants on the growth and yield attributes of diverse maize genotypes across varying seasons within semi-arid regions of Kenya. We hypothesized that AMF inoculants exhibit differential adaptability to varying environmental sites and seasons, and their interaction will enhance the provision of key ecosystem services important for maize production. Field experiments were conducted in three semi-arid Counties (Tharaka-Nithi, Embu, and Kitui) during the 2019/2020 cropping seasons. A randomized complete block design with three replications and three treatments was adopted. Treatments consisted of Rhizatech (a commercial AMF inoculant), a consortium of AMF isolates (Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae), and a non-inoculated control. In season one, notable interaction effects were observed for both site × maize genotype (p = 0.0007) and site × AMF inoculation (p < 0.0001), whereby Duma 43 genotype had the highest yield in Embu (11.93 t ha−1) and Kitui (11.76 t ha−1) counties, and Rhizatech and consortium inoculation consistently led to elevated grain yields across all three genotypes in Kitui, surpassing non-inoculated controls. AMF inoculation notably augmented phosphorus (P) uptake, with Rhizatech demonstrating a 79.7 % increase and consortium showing a 38.7 % increase in shoot P content compared to control plants in season 1. These findings highlight the complex interplay between AMF effectiveness, seasonal variations, and maize diversity. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these seasonal shifts, allowing for optimized AMF inoculation strategies for improved maize performance under diverse conditions.

Genome-wide association study of lignin trait in elite spring wheat against spot blotch disease

Spot blotch disease in wheat is one of major yield-limiting factor in warm humid conditions of South Asia. Developing the disease-resistant variety through molecular methods is an economically and environmentally eco-friendly approach. Diseased wheat leaves associated with lignin content increased by two or three times at 72 h compared with control. The genomic region associated with lignin content was investigated in a set of 289 diverse spring wheat genotypes. The genome - wide association studies panel employed a 90K Illumina SNP array and phenotyped in four environments. The GWAS analysis showed a total of 86 marker-trait associations on 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6D, 7A, 7B, 7D were linked lignin trait. Insilco analysis revealed that significant SNPs were located on import putative candidate genes thirteen in the Transmembrane domain of the protein-kinase family and were involved in the host-pathogen interaction. The identified significant MTAs for further validation and useful for the wheat breeding programs to develop the spot blotch disease resistance.

Enhancing coral restoration practices in Seychelles: benefits and limitations of fishing lines and rope as coral stocking methods

Coral restoration plays a pivotal role in mitigating the decline of coral reefs, increasing the need for implementing effective techniques and methodologies. This study investigates the efficacy of stocking Acropora muricata and Pocillopora grandis using fishing line versus rope in mid‐water floating nurseries, offering valuable insights for coral restoration practitioners. Over 1 year, survival, tissue cover, growth, cleaning time, cost, preparation, and stocking timing for both methods were evaluated. Fishing line reduced contact with fouling organisms, contributing to enhanced coral tissue cover and growth rates for P. grandis compared to rope, but no significant effect was detected for A. muricata. Survival differed among species, with higher rates for P. grandis compared to A. muricata, indicating no impact due to stocking methods but species‐specific differences. Challenges like nursery collapses and amphipod outbreaks may have impacted survival, emphasizing the importance of consistent maintenance and accessibility of project sites. Furthermore, the fishing line method reduced cleaning effort. However, cost considerations and preparation complexities for fishing line warrant careful evaluation, particularly with regards to project budgets. The study underscores the necessity for further research, incorporating diverse genotypes, species, and initial fragment sizes to refine restoration strategies. In summary, this study provides important guidance for coral restoration practitioners, aiding informed decisions on stocking methods for different projects and species while considering the balance between coral health benefits and operational feasibility.

TRACING THE DIVERSITY OF CULTIVATED TRANSGENIC COTTON IN PAKISTAN BY SSR BASED DNA FINGERPRINTING

The introduction of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton is one of the success stories of applying biotechnology in agriculture. It also decreased the use of insecticides and the production cost as an environmental and economic benefit, respectively. The use of selective genotypes as a parental material for Bt cotton breeding has resulted in the multiplication of limited germplasm. The main objective of the study was to find out the genetic diversity of cultivated Bt cotton genotypes by fingerprinting. Twenty-two SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic differences in Bt cotton genotypes, collected from two different sources i.e., research institutes and open market. Results showed that the Polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from zero to 0.673. A UPGMA based dendrogram divided all the genotypes into four main clusters. Eighty-six percent similarity was observed between VH-282 and AS-01 while the lowest similarity of 45% was found between IUB-222 and FH-167.This diversity of newly introduced transgenic genotypes will help to detect the diverse lines to be used in future for broadening the genetic base of Bt cotton in Pakistan. Another observation was that a genotype, FH-114 oBtained from two sources was clustered in two different clades. This showed the presence of name variants for a particular genotype depicting adulteration of seed available in seed market which need to be addressed. Though the adoption of Bt cotton was rapid, but the economic impact of this adoption was not significant in Pakistan as compared to other developing countries. The identified problem might be one of the reasons, limiting the benefits of this technology to be harvested out of it.

Leveraging genetic resource diversity and identification of trait-enriched superior genotypes for accelerated improvement in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Linseed or flaxseed, native to the Indian subcontinent, had undergone domestication, edaphic selection and evolutionary processes that may have resulted in huge genetic variability in Indian genotypes. To understand the hitherto unexplored genetic diversity for sustainable flaxseed production amid challenges of climate fluctuation and identify trait-specific high-yielding genotypes, 2576 unique linseed accessions were comprehensively evaluated for 36 traits for up to six environments representing two major agroecological zones in India. A wide range of variability was recorded for days to initiation of flowering (42.86–114.99), plant height (43.31–122.88 cm), capsules/plant (64.62–375.87), seed size (6.06–14.44 cm2), thousand seed weight (2.80–11.86 g), seed yield (2.93–17.28 g/plant), oil content (30.14–45.96%) and fatty acid profile especially the key constituent omega-3 fatty acid (25.4–65.88%). Most of the traits such as plant height, flowering time, seed yield, seed and capsule size showed a high or moderately high level of variance coupled with high broad sense heritability indicating precise capturing of less heritable quantitative traits. The infraspecific classification of the tested collection revealed the seed/oil type (2498 accessions) as the dominant morphotype over dual-purpose/fiber flax (78 accessions) in the conserved collection. Correlation analysis indicated a significant positive association between flowering time, plant height, days to maturity and oil content. Trait-specific superior genotypes for earliness (50% flowering in < 60 days, maturity in < 122 days), bold seeds with high thousand seed weight (> 11 g), capsules/plant (> 350), oil content (> 45%) and fatty acid composition (> 65% alpha-linolenic acid) were identified to aid genetic improvement of linseed and to broaden the narrow genetic base.

Antibodies utilizing VL6-57 light chains target a convergent cryptic epitope on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and potentially drive the genesis of Omicron variants

Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 generates variants to challenge antibody immunity established by infection and vaccination. A connection between population immunity and genesis of virus variants has long been suggested but its molecular basis remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a class of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing public antibodies defined by their shared usage of VL6-57 light chains. Although heavy chains of diverse genotypes are utilized, convergent HCDR3 rearrangements have been observed among these public antibodies to cooperate with germline VL6-57 LCDRs to target a convergent epitope defined by RBD residues S371-S373-S375. Antibody repertoire analysis identifies that this class of VL6-57 antibodies is present in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals and is clonally expanded in most COVID-19 patients. We confirm that Omicron-specific substitutions at S371, S373 and S375 mediate escape of antibodies of the VL6-57 class. These findings support that this class of public antibodies constitutes a potential immune pressure promoting the introduction of S371L/F-S373P-S375F in Omicron variants. The results provide further molecular evidence to support that antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is driven by antibody mediated population immunity.

Mitochondrial heterogeneity and crosstalk in aging: Time for a paradigm shift?

The hallmarks of aging have been influential in guiding the biology of aging research, with more recent and growing recognition of the interdependence of these hallmarks on age-related health outcomes. However, a current challenge is personalizing aging trajectories to promote healthy aging, given the diversity of genotypes and lived experience. We suggest that incorporating heterogeneity-including intrinsic (e.g., genetic and structural) and extrinsic (e.g., environmental and exposome) factors and their interdependence of hallmarks-may move the dial. This editorial perspective will focus on one hallmark, namely mitochondrial dysfunction, to exemplify how consideration of heterogeneity and interdependence or crosstalk may reveal new perspectives and opportunities for personalizing aging research. To this end, we highlight heterogeneity within mitochondria as a model.

Variability and Diversity Studies Using Morpho-physiological Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions

A study was conducted at Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan and Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India during October, 2013 to May, 2014 to identify traits for developing reliable selection criteria and conduct diversity analysis. In the present investigation, fifty-six diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated in an alpha-design using various yield attributes and drought indices under irrigated and moisture-stress environments over three environments in two locations. Results from the study indicated significant differences for almost all the traits under all three environments and pooled environments. Variability studies showed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability with high heritability coupled with high genetic advance for seedling vigour under irrigated conditions as well as under moisture-stress conditions along with membrane stability index, dry matter accumulation and grain yield. On the basis of low DSI and high DRI values and relative ranking of morpho-physiological traits, seven genotypes HPW 368, NI 5439, CM 33, CM 19, HPW 236, CM 11 and HPW 349 have been found to be moisture-stress tolerant. Association studies showed that grains spike-1, harvest index, thousand grain weight, excised leaf water loss and days to 75% maturity are most important traits for selection of tolerant genotypes. On the basis of D2 statistics, 56 genotypes were grouped into twelve main clusters and genotypes HPW 277, HPW 297 and NIAW 1415 were found superior as well as diverse for most of the traits. Hence, these genotypes can be used in breeding programmes aimed at enhancing drought tolerance.

Planting environment affects effectiveness of genotype diversity in increasing biomass and yield of a spring wheat mixture

Planting environment affects effectiveness of genotype diversity in increasing biomass and yield of a spring wheat mixture

Phage-mediated resolution of genetic conflict alters the evolutionary trajectory of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lysogens.

The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is naturally infected by a large class of temperate, transposable, Mu-like phages. We examined the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of P. aeruginosa PA14 lysogen populations as they resolve clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) autoimmunity, mediated by an imperfect CRISPR match to the Mu-like DMS3 prophage. After 12 days of evolution, we measured a decrease in spontaneous induction in both exponential and stationary phase growth. Co-existing variation in spontaneous induction rates in the exponential phase depended on the way the coexisting strains resolved genetic conflict. Multiple mutational modes to resolve genetic conflict between host and phage resulted in coexistence in evolved populations of single lysogens that maintained CRISPR immunity to other phages and polylysogens that lost immunity completely. This work highlights a new dimension of the role of lysogenic phages in the evolution of their hosts.IMPORTANCEThe chronic opportunistic multi-drug-resistant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is persistently infected by temperate phages. We assess the contribution of temperate phage infection to the evolution of the clinically relevant strain UCBPP-PA14. We found that a low level of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-mediated self-targeting resulted in polylysogeny evolution and large genome rearrangements in lysogens; we also found extensive diversification in CRISPR spacers and cas genes. These genomic modifications resulted in decreased spontaneous induction in both exponential and stationary phase growth, increasing lysogen fitness. This work shows the importance of considering latent phage infection in characterizing the evolution of bacterial populations.

Genetic characterization of white onion genotypes (Allium cepa L.) using ISSR markers

Understanding the genetic characteristics is crucial for preserving and developing Moroccan's white onion genotypes, with increased yield and quality as well as improved tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present paper, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and characteristics of white onion genotypes (Allium cepa L.) of Morocco. Based on the ISSR markers bands, 28 white onion genotypes were divided into four distinguished subgroups, with a genetic similarity value of 0.46 based on Jaccard index. Molecular markers analysis revealed that all ISSR markers were 100 % polymorphic with the white onions genotypes. Concerning markers performance, polymorphic information content (PIC) ranges from 0.051 to 0.39 with a mean of 0.301; however, the effective multiplex ratio (EMR) and marker index (MI) vary between 3–17 and 0.35–5.04, respectively. Based on resolving power (RP), it appears that the marker UBC825 has an efficient discriminatory power with an RP = 15.67. In contrast, the lowest RP value was detected with the marker UBC815 (RP = 1.58). Based on their high performance, markers UBC825, UBC835, UBC826, UBC840, and UBC811 ISSR seem to be specific and efficient for the identification of Moroccan white onion genotypes. Thus, given the genetic diversity shown by ISSR markers, the abundant resources of white onion genotypes in Morocco could be exploited in more valuable ways.

Maize genotypes with favourable dgat1–2 and fatb alleles possess stable high kernel oil and better fatty acid health and nutritive indices

Diverse uses of maize oil attracted various stakeholders, including food, feed, and bioenergy, highlighting the increased demand for sustainable production. Here, 48 diverse sub-tropical maize genotypes varying for dgat1–2 and fatb genes governing oil attributes, were evaluated in three diverse locations to assess trends of oil content, fatty acid (FA) profile, the effect of environment on oil attributes, the impact of different gene combinations and determine FA health and nutritional properties. The genotypes revealed wide variation in oil content (OC: 3.4–6.8 %) and FA compositional traits, namely palmitic (PA, 11.3–24.1 %), oleic (OA, 21.5–42.7 %), linoleic (LA, 36.6–61.7 %), and linolenic (ALA, 0.7–2.3 %) acids. Double-mutants with both favourable alleles (dd/ff) exhibited 51.6 % higher oil, 33.2 % higher OA, and 30.2 % reduced PA compared to wild-types (d+d+/f+f+) across locations. These double-mutants had lower saturated FA (12.2 %), and higher unsaturated FA (87.0 %), indicating reduced susceptibility to autooxidation, with lower atherogenicity (0.14), thrombogenicity (0.27) and peroxidisability (48.15), higher cholesterolemic index (7.16), optimum oxidability (5.27) and higher nutritive-value-index (3.35) compared to d+d+/f+f+, making them promising for significant health and nutritional benefits. Locally adapted stable novel double-mutants with high-oil and better FA properties identified here can expedite the maize breeding programs, meeting production demands and addressing long-standing challenges for breeders.

Biochemical and gene expression profiling of oxalate biosynthesis in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

The oxalate content was assessed in nine diverse genotypes of cherry tomato in ripened fruit, leaf and root tissues. The maximum oxalate accumulation was found in leaf lamina followed by mature fruit and root tissues among all genotypes where the lowest oxalate content was found in the genotype FB-3-5 and the highest content was recorded in the genotype RSC-4. Examining the leaf and root of nine cherry tomato genotypes at three developmental stages, the investigation into the biosynthesis of oxalates focused on the study of two enzymes, glycolate oxidase (GLO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). A positive correlation was observed between oxalate formation and enzyme specific activity of both enzymes. Examining the relative gene expression of oxalate biosynthesizing genes, SlGLO2 and SlAPX7, indicated that the gene SlGLO2 encoded the GLO enzyme and played a crucial role in oxalate biosynthesis in cherry tomatoes. Understanding oxalate biosynthetic pathways and gene expression will aid in developing mechanisms to enhance cherry tomato nutritional quality and improving breeding programmes.

Genetic Studies of Diverse Genotypes of Blackgram in Kymore Plateau District of Madhya Pradesh, India

The experiment was conducted involving 96 genotypes of black gram for genetic variability of 13 quantitative traits at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed existence of significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Among the genetic parameters phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits indicates the role of environment in expression of the characters. High GCV and PCV were maximum in case of biological yield followed by number of pods per plant, number of pod clusters per plant, harvest index, seed yield per plant and plant height. Characters like plant height, number of pod clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, biological yield, seed yield per plant and harvest index shows high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Correlation and Path analysis studies revealed that the important yield attributing traits like biological yield, harvest index, number of pods per plant, pod length, 100 seed weight exhibited a highly significant correlation values both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Further, the same traits also exhibited a higher value of direct effects on seed yield per plant. Hence, these traits should be given the top priority while developing the superior hybrids in blackgram.

Neighbourhood effects on herbivory damage and chemical profiles in short-rotation coppice willows and their hybrids

Short rotation coppices (SRCs) represent an important source of biomass. Since they are grown in various mixtures, SRCs represent an excellent opportunity for assessing the effects of local plant neighbourhoods on their performance. We used a common garden experiment consisting of plots that varied in genotype diversity of SRC willows to test for the effects of chemical traits of individual plants and chemical variation in the plots where they grew on insect herbivory. We also explored whether the composition of willows planted in a plot affected their chemistry. To do this, we performed untargeted metabolomics and quantified various chemical traits related to the total set of metabolites we detected, flavonoids, and salicinoids in four willow genotypes. We measured the leaf herbivory that the plants suffered. The genotypes differed in most chemical traits, yet we found only limited effects of individual traits on herbivory damage. Instead, herbivory damage was positively correlated with structural variation in salicinoids in a plot. When analysing the effects of plot chemical variation on herbivory damage separately for each genotype, we found both positive and negative correlations between the two, suggesting both associational resistance and susceptibility. Finally, we also observed a significant effect of the interaction between genotype and plot composition on structural variation in plant chemistry. Overall, our results suggest that high chemical variation in mixed willow SRCs does not necessarily lower the herbivory damage, possibly due to spillover effects of insect herbivores among genotypes. Our results also show that different genotypes respond differently to plot composition in terms of herbivory damage and chemical composition, which may affect their suitability for growing in mixed stands.

Sequence typing of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated from patients in the Namatanai region of Papua New Guinea: Infections by Class I and Class II strain types differ in ulcer duration and resurgence of infection after azithromycin treatment.

Haemophilus ducreyi (HD) is an important cause of cutaneous ulcers in several endemic regions, including the Western Pacific Region, especially among children. An HD sequence typing on swab samples taken from 1,081 ulcers in the Namatanai district of Papua New Guinea, during the pilot study for treatment of yaws, has been performed using the Grant typing system. Of the 363 samples that tested positive for the 16S rDNA of HD, the dsrA sequences of 270 samples were determined. Altogether they revealed 8 HD strain types circulating in Namatanai, including seven strain types of Class I (I.3, I.4, I.5, I.9, I.10, I.11, I.12) and one strain of Class II (II.3); four Class I types (I.9, I.10, I.11, I.12) were novel. The southern region of Namatanai (Matalai Rural) was identified as the region with the lowest genotype diversity and with most infections caused by HD Class II. The middle and northern subdistricts were affected mainly by HD Class I. Analysis of patient characteristics revealed that Class II HD infections were more often represented by longer-lasting ulcers than Class I HD infections. An increase in the prevalence of the I.10 strain was found after azithromycin administration compared to the untreated population at baseline likely reflecting higher infectivity of HD Class I, and more specifically strain type I.10.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Identification of Superior Donors for Higher Yield, Nutritional and Processing Traits in Tomato through Hierarchical Clustering Analysis

The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, BAC, BAU, Sabour, Bihar, with 22 diverse genotypes of tomato germplasms collected from diverse locations and sources. The 22 genotypes were assessed for their phonological, morphological, yield, nutritional and processing quality attributes. The hierarchical clustering analysis based on the Euclidean distance and Ward’s method were applied on these genotypes separately based on two segments namely the morphological and yield attributes; and the nutritional and processing quality attributes, aimed to find superior genotypes from both segments. Further, through the same analysis, the genetic diversity among the 22 genotypes for these traits were also established. Additionally, the association among the plant traits are also partly reported with a heatmap visualization. Our findings suggest that the genotypes 2019/TODVAR-4, 2019/TODVAR-5, 2019/TODVAR-2, 2019/TODVAR-7, and 2019/TOLOCVRES-4 exhibit superior processing quality attributes, compared to the check cultivar Kashi Chayan. In particular, genotypes with higher yields coupled with favorable nutritional and processing qualities significantly enhance the success of breeding programs. Notably, genotype 2019/TODVAR-4 has been identified as particularly suitable for developing cultivars with excellent processing qualities.