Genital Malignancies Research Articles

SWI/SNF protein and claudin-4 expression in anaplastic carcinomas arising in mucinous tumours of the ovary and retroperitoneum.

Anaplastic carcinoma arising in a mucinous tumour of the ovary and rarely in the retroperitoneum is an uncommon neoplasm with three morphological patterns; rhabdoid, sarcomatoid and pleomorphic. We investigated expression of switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelling complex components and claudin-4 expression. Twenty-two ovarian and three retroperitoneal mucinous tumours were investigated using antibodies against SMARCB1, SMARCA4, SMARCA2, ARID1A and claudin-4. Loss of nuclear staining for any SWI/SNF protein was observed in the anaplastic component of nine of 25 (36%), with retained expression within the mucinous component of all tumours. Five (56%) showed loss of more than one protein, with dual loss of SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 in two, loss of SMARCA2 and ARID1A in two and loss of SMARCB1 and SMARCA2 in one. Retained expression of claudin-4 was seen in 39% of the anaplastic carcinomas and within the mucinous component of all tumours. Rhabdoid morphology was associated with poor prognosis [stages III or IV disease (six of six, 100% versus four of 14, 29%; P=0.0108] and death from disease (three of four, 75% versus one of 13, 8%; P=0.0223). Although loss of a SWI/SNF protein was not significantly associated with death from disease (three of five, 60% versus one of 12, 8%; P=0.0525), it showed a trend in correlation with poor prognosis and was often noted in tumours with rhabdoid morphology within this small cohort. Our report adds to the growing list of female genital tract malignancies with loss of SWI/SNF proteins, underlining their broad differential diagnosis and the importance of careful, context-dependent interpretation of SWI/SNF protein loss.

WT1, Bcl-2, Ki-67 and Her2/Neu as diagnostic and prognostic immuno markers in ovarian serous and endometrioid carcinoma

Background: Ovarian cancer is the fifth common cause of death due to cancer in women. It constitutes 3% of all cancers in females and 15-20% of genital malignancies. Most of the ovarian cancers are serous type followed by endometrioid type. Sometimes glands of these two carcinomas are indistinguishable histologically. It also becomes difficult to differentiate these two types when they are poorly differentiated. Aims: The aim of this study was to find out differences in immuno-markers expressions between serous and endometrioid carcinomas and association of their staining patterns with other clinico-pathological prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for WT1, Bcl2, Ki67 (MIB1) and Her2/Neu were done in paraffin embedded tissues of histologically diagnosed total 38 cases (21 serous and 17 endometrioid) of ovarian carcinomas and staining patterns were correlated with other clinico-pathological prognostic factors. Results: Out of these 38 cases, 24 cases were in stage I/II (early stage) and 14 cases stage III/IV (advance stage). On the other hand, 16 cases were low grade, 12 cases intermediate grade and 10 cases high grade. Twenty out of 21 serous carcinomas were positive for WT1, whereas most of the endometrioid carcinomas were negative. Ki67 labeling index and Her2/Neu were higher in both higher grade and stages. On the contrary, intensity of Bcl2 staining was lower in higher grades and stages lesions.Conclusions: Use of WT1 may be useful in resolving diagnostic dilemma between serous and endometrioid carcinoma, especially in difficult cases. Ki67, Bcl2 and Her2/Neu may be used as prognostic markers.

Pattern of gynaecological malignancies in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

The sociodemographic and histological patterns of gynaecological malignancies is important in their management. Facilities are now available for prevention, detection, treatment and palliative care for the wide spectrum of female genital tract malignancies. The study aim to determine the socio demographic and histological patterns of Gynaecological malignancies identified at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH). This was a retrospective study carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Abuja, Nigeria between 1st January, 2012 and 31st December, 2016. The case notes of patients admitted for Gynaecological malignancy were retrieved from the medical records and studied for relative frequency, age distribution, parity and histological types of the Gynaecological malignancies. Out of 3786 women admitted during the study period, 113 had Gynaecological malignancies, giving an incidence of 3.0%. Majority of the women had cervical cancer (65.5%) followed by ovarian cancer (22.1%). Endometrial cancer, Choriocarcinoma, and vulva cancer accounted for 7.1, 4.4 and 0.9%, respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 93.2% of cervical cancers. Epithelial tumours accounted for 84% of ovarian tumours, while adenocarcinoma accounted for 61.5% of cancers of the corpus uteri. The mean age for the various female genital cancers were: cervical cancer (52.6 ± 0.88 years), ovarian cancer (40.9± 1.68 years), vulva cancer (34.5 ± 0 years), choriocarcinoma (30.5 ± 1.44 years), and endometrial cancer (54.5 ± 1.77 years). Cervical cancer remains the most common female genital tract malignancy seen. The challenges with cervical cancer screening need to be addressed to reduce its incidence. Key words: Gynaecological cancers, pattern, frequency, histology.

Rare Malignancies of the Female Genital Tract

Aims: To analyze rare female genital tract malignancies.
 Method: This is retrospective descriptive study as a census of all rare female genital tract malignancies in two years from 2017 to 2019 at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital in Kathmandu. Data were retrieved from medical record and entered into Microsoft Excel and SPSS 16 window for analysis.
 Results: There were 156 cases of female genital tract malignancies including 128 common types and 28 rare types. Majority fell under 41- 50 years (n=44; 28.2%) followed by over 60 (n=41; 26.2%) and 51-60 years (n=34; 21.8%). Among ovarian tumors, the rare varieties were adult granulosa cell tumor (n=4), immature teratoma (n=3) and single case each of yolk sac tumor, dysgerminoma, malignant mixed germ cell tumor, carcinoid tumor, juvenile granulosa cell and sertoli cell tumor. There were one case each of carcinosarcoma, serous carcinoma and endometrial stromal carcinoma; two cases each of leiomyosarcoma and choriocarcinoma while there was a single case of placental site trophoblastic tumor. The rare cervical malignancies were small cell (n=2), and clear cell carcinoma (n=1). There were single cases each of basal cell carcinoma of vulva, verrucus carcinoma, fibromyxoid sarcoma of Bartholin’s gland and malignant melanoma of vagina.
 Conclusion: Rare female genital tract cancers were found mostly from the ovary followed by uterus; 18% of total cancers were rare types.
 Key words: female, genital tract, rare malignancy

Expression Of Androgen Receptor, Estrogen Receptor And Progesterone Receptor In Endometrial Carcinoma (Immunohistochemical Study)

BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma is the most common pelvic genital malignancy and 4th most frequently diagnosed cancer in females with it’s incidence being 4.3/ 1 lac females. METHODS: Thirty histologically proven cases of endometrial carcinoma were taken up for the study in pathology department. Immunohistochemistry for expression of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) was done using Biocare system kit. RESULTS: 80% of the cases were in 5th and 6th decade of life. Bleeding per vagina and post menopausal bleeding were the main complaints. Out of the total 22 abdominal hysterectomies the size of tumor varied from 1cm to >4cm. All were adenocarcinoma with 20 being moderately differentiated and only 2 being well differentiated. AR was positive in 8 cases with ER and PR being positive in 16 and 21 cases respectively with score being also the same. Receptor positivity decreased with increasing grade of the tumor. CONCLUSION: ER and PR status are important prognostic biomarkers which also predict response to antihormonal therapy in endometrial carcinoma. AR expression though associated with low grade tumors , but still is a driver for tumor growth and therefore a potential therapeautic target. Anti androgen therapy - enzalutamide may inhibit proliferation of AR positive primary endometrial cancer cells.

The point mutation analysis of Cyp2C9*2 (Arg144Cys C>T), Cyp2C9*3 (Ile359Leu A>C) and VKORC1 (1639G>A) in women with cervical cancer related to HPV: A case-control study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide. HPV tumorigenesis genotypes are the causative agents of cervical cancer and genital malignancies. The scientific literaturehas demonstrated that life style, environmental, epigenetic accompanied with HR-HPV genotypes arepotential risk factors forcervical cancer progression. The frequencies of the Cyp2C9*2 , Cyp2C9*3 , and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) genotypes as potential molecular biomarkers have been investigated on Iranian women with cervical malignancy related to HPV genotypes. As a case-control study, the mutations wereappraised using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism procedure on women sufferingfrom HPV infection (60 cases), CC (46 cases), and 40 subjects of as healthy control. The outcomes demonstrated that Cyp2C9*3 showed a meaningful relationship between women diagnosed with cervical cancer and the healthy population (AA vs. AC; OR, 7.15; 95% CI, 1.94-26.3; p = .003). It was also observed that the Cyp2C9*3 mutation in women with cervical cancer and VKORC1 in healthy population with HPV (+), did not follow the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Our findings aidunderstanding the genetic polymorphism distribution of Cyp2C9*2 , Cyp2C9*3 , and VKORC1 in women with genital malignancies. Thiscan also be useful in predicting the susceptibility risk factors for developing cervical cancer. However, allelic discrimination as a molecular biomarker requires further research.

RETROSPECTIVE STUDY AND CURRENT REALITIES AND POSSIBILITIES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OVARIAN CANCER

Summary. The aim of the study was to study the effect of clinical and morphological factors on diagnosis and onset of disease recurrence.
 Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we formed a sample of postoperative samples of ovarian tumor tissue, which were divided into 3 groups: comparison group — ovarian cancer (T1-3N0M0, T1-3N0M1) (РЯ n = 261) main group 1 — borderline ovarian tumor (T1-3N0M0) (singing n = 100); the main group 2 — benign tumors of the ovaries (DOYA n = 40). The age of patients ranged from 23 to 62 years. Of these, 50 % were women of childbearing age — from 23 to 36 years (n = 26). The comparison group included 46 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer aged 35 to 78 years. Among them, the age group from 30 to 40 years old was 14 % (n = 6). Most of the observations — 56 % (n = 24) — occurred in patients aged 40-60 years. Women over 60 made up 30 % (n = 14).
 Results and discussion. Ovarian cancer in the structure of the female genital organs malignancy is characterized by an ambiguous forecast and the highest mortality rate. The leading factors determining this phenomenon are the features of tumor metastasis. Metastasis of ovarian cancer occurs at the early stages of the disease and runs a variety of ways: contact, intraperitoneal, haemacirculatory and through the lymphatic system. Such features are determined by the topography of metastatic disease, anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic channel of the female reproductive gland. The greater omentum plays the barrier role in the development of the pathological process of the abdomen. At present poor prognosis and poor treatment outcomes require reviewing approaches to the surgical treatment of ovarian cancer. In this connection defining the features of ovarian cancer metastasis provides an opportunity to find new ways to disable malignant cells distribution.
 Conclusions. A key role in the treatment of ovarian cancer has surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Adequate staging is important in choosing treatment tactics and assessing the prevalence of the disease. The importance of genetic and molecular studies is growing, according to the results of which it is possible to predict an increased risk of developing OC, to individualize and adjust treatment regimens.

Female Genital Tract Malignancy, in Gadarif Advanced Medical Diagnostic Centre (GAMDC) Gadarif, Eastern Sudan, From 2017 to 2018

Female Genital Tract Malignancy, in Gadarif Advanced Medical Diagnostic Centre (GAMDC) Gadarif, Eastern Sudan, From 2017 to 2018

Uterine sarcomas: A clinicopathological analysis of 13 cases in a tertiary care centre

Introduction: Uterine sarcomas are rare tumors arising from mesodermal tissue of uterus which accounts for 1-3% of all female genital tract malignancies. They are characterized by rapid clinical progression and poor outcome. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological features of uterine sarcoma and their treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with primary uterine sarcoma was done at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal between January 2013 and December 2018. Patients were staged using the 2018 FIGO histological classification for uterine cancer. Results: A total of 13 patients with uterine sarcoma were reviewed. All cases were multiparous women with the median age of presentation of 51.5 years (range: 40-80 years). The histopathological types were carcinosarcoma (five cases), endometrial stromal sarcoma (four cases), leiomyosarcoma (two cases), one case each of adenosarcoma and PEComa. Ten cases were FIGO clinical stage I, two in stage II and one in stage III. All patients underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, whereas adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given for only four patients. All cases were followed up clinically and radiologically with no recurrence over a maximum follow-up period of 12 months. Conclusion: Uterine sarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm with carcinosarcoma being the most common. The prognosis of uterine sarcomas depends on the histological subtype, grade and stage of the tumor at diagnosis. Adjuvant radiotherapy helps in better local control and reduces the recurrence rate.

Subsequent primary neoplasms among bone sarcoma survivors; increased risks remain after 30 years of follow-up and in the latest treatment era, a nationwide population-based study

BackgroundThe long-term risks and time trends of subsequent primary neoplasms (SPNs) among Ewing (ES) and osteosarcoma (OS) survivors are not fully understood.MethodsWe performed a nationwide study of all ES and OS patients identified in the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1958 to 2015 with up to 58 years of follow-up. The risk of SPN was compared with that of the general population using standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and absolute excess risks (AERs).ResultsOne hundred and fifteen SPNs were diagnosed among 1779 patients with ES or OS, yielding an overall SIR of 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9–2.7). The risk remained significantly increased in the latest treatment era (SIR2000-2015 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1–3.5). The highest absolute excess risks (AER) was due to breast cancer (AER 15.2/10,000 person-years; 95% CI, 5.0–29.8) followed by female genital malignancies (AER 9.5/10,000 person-years; 95% CI, 2.4–21.5). The excess breast cancer risk among ES survivors was noted also after 30 years of follow-up with 127 extra breast cancers/10,000 person-years (95% CI, 6.6–419).ConclusionsBreast- and female genital malignancies contribute most to the excess risk of SPN among ES and OS survivors. Importantly, excess risks did not decline over calendar time or long-term follow-up.

An unusual cause of postmenopausal bleeding: A case report

A 55year old postmenopausal woman presented to the gynaecology clinic with a 1week history of vaginal bleeding. She was investigated to rule out local and systemic causes including genital malignancy. The investigations were negative for genital malignancy and her symptoms settled with medical and surgical management. A short literature review of this unusual cause of postmenopausal bleeding is discussed here.

Hormonal Receptor Expression in Endometrial Carcinoma: A Retrospective Immunohistochemical Study in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.

Background:Endometrial carcinoma is the commonest genital tract malignancy in most developed nations, but it lags behind cervical carcinoma and ovarian cancers in most developing nations including Nigeria. Estrogen has been described as a promoter of endometrial carcinogenesis.Objectives:The aim of this study was to demonstrate the frequency of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expressions of endometrial carcinoma and to correlate it with tumour grade.Materials and Methods:Cases of endometrial carcinoma diagnosed in the Department of Pathology over a 10-year period were reviewed retrospectively. The paraffin-embedded blocks were retrieved, and immunohistochemistry for ER and PR was performed on them. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides were reviewed, and tumours were graded by three independent pathologists. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.Results:There were 44 cases of endometrial carcinoma. ER and PR were positive in 29.5% and 18.2% of endometrial carcinoma, respectively. There was no significant association between ER (P = 0.361) and PR (P = 0.204) expressions and histological grade of the tumour. The most common histological grade was grade 3 with 70% of cases (36 cases), whereas 13 cases (26%) were grade 2 and only 2 cases (4%) were grade 1.Conclusion:The positive expressions of ER and PR in endometrial carcinoma suggest that steroid receptor studies may be of potential benefit in the management of some patients with endometrial carcinoma. Future studies employing larger sample size are therefore recommended.

Determination of novel biomarkers and pathways shared by colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer via comprehensive bioinformatics analysis

Abstract Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common female genital tract malignancy of women, and colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of its risk factors. However, the mutual genes and molecular pathways shared by these two diseases have not yet been ascertained. Objectives In the present study, we aimed to reveal candidate biomarkers and molecular interactions between CRC and EC to understand the common disease mechanism. Materials and methods We performed differential analysis of CRC and EC microarray data by employing limma to reveal differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we used mutual DEGs between these diseases to obtain significant biological processes and pathways by performing enrichment analyses. In addition, to reveal candidate biomarkers and regulatory transcripts, we analyzed different networks using bioinformatics tools. Results We identified 286 overlapped DEGs between CRC and EC transcriptomes datasets. Enrichment analysis of these aberrantly expressed genes revealed that they were significantly enriched in cancer pathways signaling. Based on topological analysis of the PPI network, we revealed 11 hub proteins including JUN, MYC, FOS, EGR1, LEF1, CDC42, CTGF, ADAM10, CYR61, FOXA1, and UBE2I. We also identified seven significant transcription factors (TFs) namely FOXC1, GATA2, YY1, E2F1, CREB1, HINFP, and FOXL1 and five miRNAs including hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-106b-5p, hsa-miR-501-3p, hsa-miR-29b-3p, and hsa-miR-145-5p that regulate expressions of the DEGs. Conclusion We have identified novel biomarkers and molecular pathways shared by CRC and EC that will help to understand underlying common molecular mechanisms and to develop potential therapeutics.

Characteristics of HSV-2, M. genitalium and C. trachomatis in HPV Genotypes Associated with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Genital Infections.

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women. High-Risk HPV types are known as the main agents involved in genital and cervical malignancies. There may be co pathogens like STIs that are involved in enhancing the susceptibility and progression to cervical neoplasia. This study was conducted to detect C. trachomatis, HSV-2 and M. genitalium using qPCR in women suffering from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, HPV infection and non cancerous- non HPV subjects for the association of burden of genital disorders. This descriptive study was performed on 195 Liquid Based Cytology (LBCs) specimens collected from women referred to private laboratories. Fifty, 98 and 47 samples were from women with known CIN, HPV positive and non-cancerous/non-HPV, respectively. HSV-2, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium and HPV genotypes have been detected using multiplex TaqMan Real Time PCR and PCR hybridization. A total of 148 HPV positive samples were included. HPVs 6 (35.13%), 16 (32.43%), 18 (21.62%), 11 (9.46%), 31 (9.46%), and 51 (9.46%) were the most common genotypes. Single, 2, 3, and more than 4 multiple HPV genotypes were detected in 46%, 29.7%, 14.2%, 10.1% cases, respectively. The prevalence of M. genitalium, C. trachomatis and HSV2 was 3 (1.54%), 24 (12.3%) and 1(0.5%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between these pathogens and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (p≥ 0.05). HR-HPV genotypes were more prevalent in genital infections and cervical cancer. It would seem early detection of dominant STI pathogens such as Chlamydia spp. gains due to effective prevention. Here, further research is needed to understand the co-infections burden of HPV genotypes with STIs in clinical manifestations.

IBD and malignancies: The gender matters

The lifetime risk of cancer is on the rise due to increasing life expectancy and the high prevalence boosts people’s concern about their individual risk. This is especially true for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), having a lifelong chronic intestinal inflammation and being frequently under immunosuppressive therapy. Both situations are known to possibly increase the cancer risk. The clinicians engaged with these patients should be informed about the increased risk of malignancies as compared to the background population and eventually the excess risk secondary to medical therapy [ [1] Annese V. Beaugerie L. Egan L. Biancone L. Bolling C. Brandts C. et al. European evidence-based consensus: inflammatory bowel disease and malignancies. J Crohns Colitis. 2015; 9: 945-965 Crossref PubMed Scopus (263) Google Scholar , [2] Beaugerie L. Itzkovitz S.H. Cancers complicating inflammatory bowel disease. New Engl J Med. 2015; 372: 1441-1452 Crossref PubMed Scopus (342) Google Scholar ]. Vulvar and vaginal neoplasia in women with inflammatory bowel diseaseDigestive and Liver DiseaseVol. 52Issue 2PreviewImmunosuppressive drugs are the cornerstone in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however they are associated with an increased risk of extra-intestinal cancer. Whether the risk for female genital tract malignancies, including vulvar and vaginal cancer, is increased is less clear. Our aim was to investigate the risk of these malignancies in IBD-patients. Histopathological data of all IBD patients with a vulvar or vaginal (pre-)cancerous lesion were retrieved from the Dutch nationwide network and registry of histopathology and cytopathology from 1991 to 2015. Full-Text PDF

Vulvar and vaginal neoplasia in women with inflammatory bowel disease

Immunosuppressive drugs are the cornerstone in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however they are associated with an increased risk of extra-intestinal cancer. Whether the risk for female genital tract malignancies, including vulvar and vaginal cancer, is increased is less clear.Our aim was to investigate the risk of these malignancies in IBD-patients.Histopathological data of all IBD patients with a vulvar or vaginal (pre-)cancerous lesion were retrieved from the Dutch nationwide network and registry of histopathology and cytopathology from 1991 to 2015. Medical history was retrieved from patient records. Data from the Central Office for Statistics, the Dutch comprehensive cancer organization, and the IBDSL cohort were obtained to calculate the standardized, and age-adjusted incidence rates.Fifty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. A standardized incidence rate of 1.2(95% CI:0.8–1.7) for vulvar and vaginal carcinoma among adult female IBD was calculated, which did not significantly differ from the general population. The use of immunosuppressive therapy did not increase the occurrence of vulvovaginal malignancy, nor did it influence the recurrence rate. However, immunosuppressive drugs ever-users were on average 11 years younger at the time of their gynaecological diagnosis.Overall, our data do not support intensified screening for vulvar or vaginal malignancies in female IBD patients.

OVARIAN CANCER: MOST FREQUENTLY SEEN GYNAECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY IN ZIAUDDIN HOSPITAL, NORTH NAZIMABAD

Background: The prevalence of genital tract malignancies is rising worldwide making it one of the most common malignancies in females after breast cancer. Despite cervical cancer being the most commonly occurring cancer globally, a multitude of studies in Pakistan have identified ovarian cancer as the most commonly occurring malignant tumor. The morbidity and mortality rates from genital tract tumors are considerably higher in developing countries. In developed countries, screening tests for early diagnosis of a malignancy followed by effective treatment are readily available. The objective of this study is to study the pattern and relative frequency of the malignancies involving the genital tract among women admitted to Ziauddin Hospital in 2015. Methods: The study is a retrospective, observational analysis of the case files of female patients admitted into Ziauddin University Hospital, North Nazimabad. The patients coming to the OPD have been followed for the last 3 years to check for the suspected presence of a genital tract malignancy. Results: A total of 55 patients over the last three years were confirmed to have some form of genital tract malignancy. Ovarian cancer accounted for 49% of the outcome, with around 23.6% of the cases diagnosed at stages 3 and 4. Endometrial cancer was the second most common cancer, with 27.2% being diagnosed at stage 1. Cancers of the cervix and vulva accounted for 3.6% and 1.8% respectively. No cancer of the vagina was documented. Conclusion: The most common genital tract malignancy in female patients at Ziauddin University Hospital is ovarian cancer, in contrast to the vast majority of developing countries where cervical cancer is the leading cause of genitourinary malignancies.

A Case of Peritoneal-Pelvic Tuberculosis With Elevated CA-125; An Enigma as Ovarian Cancer

Peritoneal-pelvic tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary-TB mainly affecting women of 20-40 years, especially in TB endemic countries. It classically presents with abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities, adnexal mass, and elevated serum CA-125 level, creating confusion with genital malignancy, especially ovarian one leading to difficulty in its management and often leads to devastating surgeries. Here's a case of peritoneal-pelvic TB, a young lady with abdominal pain, radiologic associates and adnexal mass, and elevated serum CA-125 level is presented. So, it should always be one of the differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer especially among young women in TB endemic countries.

Comparism of Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptance of Cervical Cancer Screening Between Female Health and Non-Health Personnel in Jos University Teaching Hospital

Cervical carcinoma is a preventable disease yet it remains the leading genital malignancy among women in sub-Saharan Africa. The study objective was to compare the knowledge, attitude and acceptance of cervical cancer screening among female health Personnel and non- health Personnel in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). JUTH. This was a across-sectional study conducted in JUTH between 15th June and 31st July, 2008. There was significant difference in knowledge between the health personnel 288(91.4%) and non-health personnel 145(36.2%) p value < 0.01. Most (73.7%) of the health personnel had correct knowledge about pap smear as a screening procedure for cervical cancer. Doctors had the highest correct knowledge of 97.5%. Only 64(16.0%) of the non-health personnel had correct knowledge about pap smear. Teachers and those attending Gynaecological clinics had the highest correct knowledge of 45.0% and 24.0% respectively. There was significant difference in the overall rate of screening between the health personnel 75(23.8%) and the non-health personnel 44(11.0%). Out of the respondents that had knowledge about pap smear 42(29.0%) of the 145 non-health personnel and 75(26.0%) of the 288 health personnel had screened with no significant difference between the two groups. The two groups had similar reasons why those that were yet to screen had not screened. About 81.3 % of the health personnel and 87.1% of non-health personnel who were yet to screen would like to be screened. There is the need to carefully draw up a plan to tackle the poor knowledge, attitude and acceptance of cervical cancer and its prevention among our women.

Comparism of Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptance of Cervical Cancer Screening Between Female Health and Non-Health Personnel in Jos University Teaching Hospital

Cervical carcinoma is a preventable disease yet it remains the leading genital malignancy among women in sub-Saharan Africa. The study objective was to compare the knowledge, attitude and acceptance of cervical cancer screening among female health Personnel and non- health Personnel in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). JUTH. This was a across-sectional study conducted in JUTH between 15th June and 31st July, 2008. There was significant difference in knowledge between the health personnel 288(91.4%) and non-health personnel 145(36.2%) p value < 0.01. Most (73.7%) of the health personnel had correct knowledge about pap smear as a screening procedure for cervical cancer. Doctors had the highest correct knowledge of 97.5%. Only 64(16.0%) of the non-health personnel had correct knowledge about pap smear. Teachers and those attending Gynaecological clinics had the highest correct knowledge of 45.0% and 24.0% respectively. There was significant difference in the overall rate of screening between the health personnel 75(23.8%) and the non-health personnel 44(11.0%). Out of the respondents that had knowledge about pap smear 42(29.0%) of the 145 non-health personnel and 75(26.0%) of the 288 health personnel had screened with no significant difference between the two groups. The two groups had similar reasons why those that were yet to screen had not screened. About 81.3 % of the health personnel and 87.1% of non-health personnel who were yet to screen would like to be screened. There is the need to carefully draw up a plan to tackle the poor knowledge, attitude and acceptance of cervical cancer and its prevention among our women.