Generic Qualitative Research Research Articles

The Life Journey of Mothers of Children Diagnosed with ADHD - A Generic Qualitative Research Approach -

The Life Journey of Mothers of Children Diagnosed with ADHD - A Generic Qualitative Research Approach -

A pragmatic guide to generic qualitative research in counselor education

AbstractFew practical guidelines exist for conducting generic qualitative research (GQR) with rigor and intentional purpose. This article offers varied purposes of GQR (practicality and creating change, flexible blending of methods, and innovation) and pragmatic guidance for counselor educators and doctoral students conceptualizing, designing, and conducting rigorous GQR studies.

A collective agenda: A qualitative study on Exercise is Medicine® On Campus gold-level institutions

ObjectiveThe Exercise is Medicine® On Campus (EIM-OC) international campaign leverages university resources (e.g., health centers, recreation, and kinesiology departments) to encourage students, faculty, and staff to integrate physical activity into campus culture. This involves evaluating student physical activity levels during health visits and establishing referral systems for exercise prescriptions. EIM-OC allows universities to earn tiered recognition (Gold, Silver, or Bronze) based on their on-campus physical activity promotion and integration. For Gold recognition, schools must incorporate routine physical activity assessments into their health system, ultimately connecting healthcare providers with health/fitness professionals (HFPs, e.g., campus recreation professionals, kinesiology professors). This research worked to uncover pivotal factors driving EIM-OC on-campus collaborations through HFPs’ perspectives. MethodsHFPs (n = 11) working full-time at a Gold-level institution (n = 10 in United States) participated. Semi-structured, Zoom-recorded interviews with a generic qualitative research design were completed between June and September 2022. ResultsMajor thematic findings included the importance of tangible support (e.g., personnel), encounters with both trust and tension cross-campus, positive student development opportunities, and variations in outcome reporting and program evaluation. Faculty and staff emphasized the need for methods to obtain and sustain program funding. Participants also expressed the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to increase the collective impact of EIM-OC on student health and overall collegiate success. ConclusionHFPs expanded on their EIM-OC experiences and program sustainment or growth requirements. With increased interdisciplinary collaboration, rigor in outcome reporting, and tangible resources, the collective impact of EIM-OC on student health outcomes and overall collegiate success could be greatly perpetuated.

Being Seen as a Unique Person is Essential in Palliative Care at Home and Nursing Homes: A Qualitative Study With Patients and Relatives.

Incorporation of a palliative care approach is increasingly needed in primary care and nursing home care because most people with a life-limiting illness or frailty live there. To explore patients' and relatives' experiences of palliative care at home and in nursing homes. Generic qualitative research in a purposive sample of patients with an estimated life expectancy of <1 year, receiving care at home or in a nursing home, and their relatives. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzed by a multidisciplinary research team. Seven patients and five relatives participated. Three essential elements of palliative care and their contributing factors emerged: 1) be seen (personal attention, alignment to who the patient is as a person, and feeling connected) 2) information needs (illness trajectory and multidimensional symptoms and concerns, and 3) ensuring continuity (single point of contact, availability of HCPs, and coordination of care). Patients and relatives experienced loss of control and safety if these essentials were not met, which depended largely on the practices of the individual health care professional. In both primary care and nursing home care, patients and relatives expressed the same essential elements of palliative care. They emphasized the importance of being recognized as a unique person beyond their patient status, receiving honest and clear information aligned with their preferences, and having care organized to ensure continuity. Adequate competence and skills are needed, together with a care organization that enables continuity to provide safe and person-centered care.

EXPERIENCES OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG EMPLOYED MOTHERS AT PT. HEINZ ABC IN THE YEAR 2023

Background: One contributing factor to the failure of breastfeeding is the rising prevalence of mothers engaged in full-time employment, exemplified by occupations like factory work. This phenomenon is attributed to various impediments, including restricted intervals for rest, inadequacy of workplace amenities and provisions, and the presence of fatigue. Objective: To comprehensively understand the breastfeeding endeavors of mothers employed at PT Heinz ABC factory, delving into their experiences is imperative. Methods: Qualitative The research employed a generic qualitative research approach, utilizing purposive sampling as the sampling technique. The research involved nine informants who were mothers employed in factories and had children aged between 7-24 months. Data collection was conducted through online in-depth interviews conducted via WhatsApp voice calls. The researchers also employed supportive instruments, specifically interview guides that had undergone pilot interviews beforehand. The data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis. Results: This research is segmented into three themes, namely knowledge, self-efficacy, and barriers. Conclusion: The prevalence of breastfeeding practices among mothers employed in factories remains low. This can be attributed to obstacles hindering the sustained implementation of exclusive breastfeeding, including inadequacies in workplace facilities, restricted rest intervals, psychological pressure, and low self-efficacy.

An enquiry into the role of classroom management in enhancing learners’ social skills

Learners’ social skills enhancement is one of the key components of the classroom and the basic obligation of a teacher and school. Thus, it is imperative to manage the classroom in a way that can offer a comfortable teaching-learning environment to learners. Therefore, the study aimed to examine to role of classroom management in enhancing learners' social skills. The interpretive research design was utilized to describe the qualitative data, and a generic qualitative research approach was employed to undertake the study. A total of 18 teachers from six secondary schools were selected by using a purposive sampling technique. It was instituted that classroom management and the social environment of the classroom play a vital role in learners' social skills enhancement. Based on research findings, physical resources, teacher role, class rule, conduct and regulation, socioeconomic status of learners, family background, and poverty are the leading factors that have a strapping role on learners’ skills enhancement. The selected schools to accomplish research are lacking resources, however, teachers are considered as a core in teaching-learning. It is, therefore, obligatory to provide resources to classrooms, skills to teachers, and address learners' socioeconomic status to achieve educational goals and enhance social skills.

A qualitative interview study on colorectal cancer screening in China.

The effectiveness of triage screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully achieved in Chinese populations, mainly due to low compliance to colonoscopy follow-up. This study aimed to collect viewpoints of experts in China on ongoing screening programs and emerging screening tests for CRC, which may help to improve effectiveness of CRC screening in the country. We conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with experts involving CRC screening in China during October to November of 2020. Interview topics included personal characteristics, work context, opinions on ongoing screening programs, challenges and opportunities in optimization of screening strategies, and prospects for CRC screening in near future. To analyze the data, we used a generic qualitative research approach inspired by grounded theory, including open, axial, and selective coding. This analysis revealed a total of 83 initial categories, 37 subcategories and 10 main categories, which included 4 core categories of current modality for CRC screening, factors influencing screening effectiveness, optimization of CRC screening modality, and prospects for development of CRC screening. The results provide insight into the factors underlying the challenges of the ongoing CRC screening programs in China: the most important concern is the low compliance to colonoscopy, followed by the low specificity of the currently-used initial tests. The experts proposed to use quantitative instead of qualitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and optimize risk assessment tools to improve specificity of initial tests. Regarding the emerging screening tests, 9 of 15 experts did not think that the novel techniques are good enough to replace the current tests, but can be used complementarily in opportunistic screening for CRC. The viewpoints of Chinese experts suggested that use quantitative FIT or optimize risk assessment tools may help to identify high-risk individuals of CRC more accurately, improve adherence to colonoscopy, and thus fully achieve the effectiveness of screening.

Managerial factors influencing the implementation of NIMART services in the mobile health clinics of eThekwini municipality in KwaZulu-Natal

BackgroundThe mobile health clinics (MHCs) have been instrumental in rolling out Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) care since they are an extension of Primary Health Care (PHC) services. The integration of HIV care into PHC services is reported as a structural facilitative factor for implementing nurse-initiated antiretroviral therapy (NIMART). The success of any health program relies heavily on management and support structure, hence managers’ perspectives on the implementation of NIMART services in MHCs are deemed crucial. AimThe study aimed to explore and describe the managerial factors influencing the implementation of NIMART services in the MHCs of eThekwini municipality in KwaZulu Natal. MethodsA generic qualitative research approach was used applying Qualitative Exploratory Descriptive (QED) design, on twelve MHC managers who were purposefully selected and managing MHCs operated by local and provincial health authorities. The study was approved by the North-West University Human Research Ethics Committee (NWU 00934–19-A1), provincial (KZ_202002_017) and local health (30/1/1/6/3/1) authorities. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data and were transcribed. Atlas-TI was used for data analysis while demographic data was descriptively analysed. ResultsThree themes and twelve subthemes emerged from the study: theme 1: Challenges in implementing NIMART services in MHCs, theme 2: Positive factors influencing implementation of NIMART services in MHCs, and theme 3: Suggestions to strengthen implementation of NIMART services. Subthemes were shortage of staff, shortage of medical equipment for NIMART services, challenges with infrastructure, lack of budget for NIMART services, nurses are trained in NIMART, continuous meetings, Proper planning, more nurses should be trained on NIMART, employment of more nursing personnel, collaboration with relevant stakeholders, proper infrastructure for NIMART and need for allowances. ConclusionThe involvement of managers is key to the successful implementation of NIMART services in the MHCs and improvement is more desirable.

초고령 노부모를 부양하는 노인 자녀의 경험 연구

The purpose of this study is to enrich our understanding of the elderly and their families who caring for their oldest old parents by exploring the experiences of older children who care their parents. For this purpose, generic qualitative research was used. Research Participants were six elderly people aged 65 who caring for their oldest old parents. Data were collected Data were using in-depth interviews, and 15 sub-themes and 5 themes were derived through thematic analysis method. As a result of the study, the participants were basically caring for their elderly parents out of a sense of duty as children, and were experiencing physical, psycho-emotional, and relational difficulties in the process of caring for them. In particular, it was found that families are experiencing various conflicts surrounding the care of elderly parents. Participants had the traditional attitude that caring for the elderly was the responsibility of the family, but they also recognized it as a problem that required social support. Based on these findings, practical and policy implications were presented for the elderly caregiver and fimily who caring for the oldest old parents.

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education institutions in South Africa: Resilience of academics

Academic staff of higher education institutions (HEI) experienced serious challenges during the lethal coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. To overcome the spread of this deadly pandemic, the South African government instituted stringent lockdown measures such as intermittent closure of universities. Apart from distance or online teaching and learning institutions, other HEIs were keen to maintain their core activities and conduct business as usual. To resume academic programmes, they advocated a transitioning from traditional face-to-face teaching to online teaching. For effective teaching and learning to be accomplished, academics were compelled to make paradigm shifts. They had to be digitally literate and technologically savvy. Academics were also confronted with challenges of poor students who experienced difficulty in procuring devices (iphones, ipads, laptops) and data, as well as securing access to Wi-Fi. Using Resilience Theory to frame the study, I explored the influence of COVID-19 on academics and their resilience to survive this deadly pandemic. Generic qualitative research within an interpretivist paradigm was employed to determine the perceptions and experiences of 13 academics from different universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal that the academics experienced serious emotional and psychological stress which were detrimental to their well-being. Although academics found difficulty in transitioning to online teaching, their resilience helped them cope with the extraordinary circumstances that evolved from COVID-19.

Corporate Social Responsibility 2.0 Towards a socio-transformative paradigm for business

The South African business fraternity is expected to contribute to and foster the government’s social transformation agenda. This contribution should be directed by businesses’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) intentions and organizational arrangements. However, companies’ efforts in this regard are being increasingly criticized due to the absence of a socio-transformative agenda. In other words, CSR praxis is perceived to be inadequately positioned in businesses to act as a core strategic function aimed at benefiting society. The purpose of this article is to outline the perceived failures of conventional CSR praxis and to propose a framework for businesses to adopt a socio-transformative CSR paradigm. A generic qualitative research design, utilizing document analysis and a literature survey, was followed in this study. The findings indicate that businesses do indeed need to adopt a socio-transformative business model to comply with national and international driving forces for change. Recommendations are proposed to guide businesses towards such a transformative management approach utilizing the principles of McKinsey 7-S model for business readiness and Kotter’s 8-step change management model. The study encourages corporations and firms to adopt a socio-transformative paradigm by utilizing established business readiness and change management models.

지방자치단체의 아동정책 이행현황에 관한 질적연구

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation status of child policies in local governments and to derive improvement strategies.&#x0D; Method: The researchers conducted interviews with 23 local government officials responsible for the ‘Child Policy Impact Assessment’ and the ‘South Korean Child Policy Initiative’. The data was analyzed using a generic qualitative research approach.&#x0D; Results: The research results were categorized into two main themes: ‘Issues in the process of child policy implementation’ and ‘Alternatives for strengthening child policy implementation’. These themes were further subcategorized into ‘Alternatives for individual level ’, ‘‘Alternatives for organizational level’, and ‘Alternatives for implementation system level’. Furthermore, 18 concepts were identified according to the subcategories.&#x0D; Conclusions: Based on the research findings, the study discusses key issues that are centered around the local government's child policy implementation structure, policy targets, evaluation indicators, and implementation procedures. Additionally, suggestions for improvement are presented, including standardization and guideline establishment for the implementation structure, and an implementation approach that integrates the ‘Child Policy Impact Assessment’ and the ‘South Korean Child Policy Initiative’.

UPAYA BIDAN DALAM MEMBERIKAN PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE YANG BERKUALITAS PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PMB BIDAN DELIMA WILAYAH BANJARMASIN TIMUR

Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 virus outbreak has had an extraordinary impact on the world of health. The COVID-19 pandemic has made pregnant women worry about coming to the hospital and health center for check-ups for fear of contracting COVID-19, which has resulted in pregnant women coming to PMB. The increase in the number of visits during the pandemic has caused midwives because of their increased workload, reduced staff numbers due to self-regression, they are quarantined, infected, or have to care for friends and family. The method in this study is a qualitative research with a generic qualitative research approach. Results: This study shows that there were several strategies used by midwives when providing services during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely in the form of providing facilities and online consultations; Some of the midwives' obstacles when providing services are expensive facilities and infrastructure, there are insufficient patients who are infected with COVID-19; While providing services, midwives receive emotional, informational, informative and instrumental support. For the physical and psychological needs of midwives when providing services, namely a healthy diet, adequate rest, reducing stress and regular exercise. Conclusion: The most dominant strategy for midwives in providing services is filling the infrastructure; The obstacles that are often experienced are expensive facilities and infrastructure; when providing services midwives need all types of support; physical and psychological needs, namely a healthy diet, adequate rest, reducing stress and an exercise routine.

Is cohabitation a prerequisite for marriage?: Exploring Ghanaian emerging adults’ attitudes and intentions

With cohabitation increasingly becoming a relationship option for many young adults, understanding the attitudes and intentions that fuel the decision to cohabit is important. Using a generic qualitative research design, we set out to explore this among emerging adults in a Ghanaian university. Our sample included 44 students who participated in a discussion focused on determining what cohabitation means to them, the significance they attach to cohabitation, their evaluations and whether they intend to cohabit. Regarding participants’ attitudes, four themes were generated from analyses of the data including ‘Meaning of Cohabitation’, ‘Cohabitation before Marriage is Crucial to Marital Success’, ‘Cohabitation is a Gateway to Moral and Institutional Transgressions’, and ‘As Long as We Marry’. Findings also showed significant gender differences in intention to cohabit although the consensus among participants was that one’s intention to cohabit is dependent on the individual’s personal and vicarious experiences within their environment. Based on these findings, we recommend that counsellors and guardians be equipped with the knowledge base and skills required to help young adults navigate cohabitation relationships and advocate for strengthening policy and education on cohabitation.

Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Navigating Continuing Professional Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Using social constructivism as a theoretical framework, we examined the perceptions and experiences encountered by South African teachers of their professional development during the COVID-19 pandemic. Translating teacher experiences into explicit learning contexts for learners remains an ongoing pedagogical challenge. For teachers to be effective, they must be prepared for changes and adapt swiftly to changing conditions. The need for pedagogical mobility to adopt a perspective of introspective teaching practice that engages learners in meaningful learning environments was crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers were compelled to change their pedagogical approach; they were obliged to become digitally literate and apply advanced technology that would enable learners to access a wide range of activities and resources. Using a generic qualitative research design within an interpretivist paradigm, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six teachers and analysed using Tesch’s method of coding. We applied a generic qualitative methodology within an interpretivist paradigm to explore teachers’ perceptions and experiences. Six teachers, purposefully selected from various schools, participated in this research. Our findings revealed that lack of guidance and support from educational authorities and school management teams negatively infringed on teachers’ practice and professional development. However, teachers collaborated with peers and community members, engaged in knowledge-sharing, and adopted a trial-and-error approach to finding solutions. CPD programmes focusing on classroom management and pedagogical skills are highly recommended to foster the development of more proficient teachers.

Self-paced cybersecurity awareness training educating retail employees to identify phishing attacks

ABSTRACT This generic qualitative inquiry study examined the features needing improvement in self-paced cybersecurity awareness training to educate retail employees to identify phishing attacks. The researcher used a thematic analysis to investigate the responses postulated by participants. The researcher evaluated the responses solely based on the transcription of each participant. NVivo 12 performed queries and matched data [1]]. The qualitative analysis revealed the emerging themes. The emerging themes are topics included in self-paced cybersecurity awareness training, methods to improve it, factors affecting motivation to finish it, and its frequency and duration. Findings from this generic qualitative research study will assist security practitioners of the cybersecurity and information technology field in implementing practical self-paced cybersecurity awareness training to affect employees’ safe computing practices to identify phishing attacks.

Strengthening the Choice for a Generic Qualitative Research Design

Supporting the choice for research using a generic qualitative design is needed to assist the researchers with helpful guidance and descriptions about the approach in research. The name “generic” can be rather obtuse. Determining its appropriateness goes beyond discussions about combining elements of other traditional qualitative designs and considers the generic approach as a standalone methodology. Despite its inherent flexibility, the strength of the generic design offers a view of descriptive research data for interpretation that includes personal meaning making in research and is particularly well suited for counseling and other social sciences. The strengths, benefits, and limitations of the generic design are reviewed to assist the researchers in their selection of a generic qualitative research methodology and further the professional literature with increased knowledge and understanding. Counseling professionals benefit from the generic design because of its exploratory nature into real world experiences as perceived by those who live them.

"It's Just a Checklist": Examining the Needs of Occupational Health and Safety Training for New Immigrant Workers in Canada.

New immigrant workers (NIWs) are overrepresented in hazardous workplaces. Sufficient Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) training could minimize workplace injuries. This study aims to identify the current status of OH&S and training for NIWs in Canada. Generic qualitative research was conducted. Seven NIWs and nine service providers were interviewed to understand OH&S issues, perceptions on rules and regulations, and expectations for training. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Four themes that affect OH&S for NIWs include attitudes toward safety and training, personal barriers, Canadian workplace culture, and macrolevel interconnected systems. Three needs on OH&S training are increasing accessibility, ensuring full understanding, and building confidence. Current training does not mitigate safety risks in workplaces, and NIWs do not feel empowered to exercise their rights. New training protocols would be beneficial to equip NIWs to enter the workforce.

Wellbeing of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) Personnel in a Challenging Work Context: A Qualitative Study

Introduction:Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) personnel provide on-scene trauma care to patients with high mortality risk. The HEMS work context is characterized by an exceptionally high exposure to critical incidents, emotionally demanding patient encounters, and having to perform under pressure with limited resources. The aim of this study was to further our understanding of the factors underlying HEMS personnel wellbeing given their challenging work context.Method:Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with HEMS personnel from a University Hospital in The Netherlands. Interview topics included work context, personal characteristics, coping, work engagement, and psychosocial support. To analyze the data, a generic qualitative research approach was used inspired by grounded theory, including open, axial and selective coding.Results:The analysis revealed ten categories that provide insight into factors underlying the wellbeing of HEMS personnel and their work context: team and collaboration, coping, procedures, informal peer support, organizational support and follow-up care, drives and motivations, attitudes, other stressors, potentially traumatic events, and emotional impact. The findings show that HEMS personnel are highly motivated and have a strong team mentality. Various factors are important to their wellbeing, such as job resources and social support. The HEMS work can have an emotional impact but HEMS personnel use various coping strategies to deal with this. The perceived need for organizational support and follow-up care is low among participants.Conclusion:This study identifies factors and strategies that support the wellbeing of HEMS personnel. It also provides insight into the HEMS work culture and help-seeking behavior in this population. The findings may be beneficial to understand and support employee wellbeing in other emergency services work contexts as well.

Reflecting on Students’ Reflections: Exploring Students’ Experiences in Order to Enhance Course Delivery

Learning qualitative research skills can be a daunting process for students given characteristics such as its subjective and time-consuming nature. I therefore wanted to understand in detail my students’ course experiences by exploring the (i) literal and metaphorical language that they utilized to describe their experiences with qualitative research; (ii) challenges they faced in undertaking qualitative research; and (iii) personal and course triumphs shared by students. Using a generic qualitative research design, I undertook document analysis of a sample of written coursework reflections from 17 of my master’s level students. Findings showed that students had an emotional experience of lows and highs as they engaged with the qualitative research process, that they embraced the opportunity to engage with practical and experiential learning activities, that their appreciation for qualitative research grew, and that peer support was an important element in motivating them throughout the course. Thus, I recommend the integration of opportunities for more practical, experiential learning activities and peer work for those delivering qualitative research courses.