General Media Research Articles

Vaping Media Literacy, Harm Perception, and Susceptibility of E-Cigarette Use Among Youth

Exposure to E-cigarette marketing and media advertisements is prevalent among adolescents. A validated vaping media literacy scale is needed to inform effective vaping prevention programs. A 6-item vaping media literacy scale was adapted from validated smoking and general media literacy scales with an emphasis on marketing influences. A school-based survey (N=856) was conducted to assess the reliability of vaping media literacy and 3 subscales (i.e., authors and audiences [vaping Authors and Audiences], messages and meanings [vaping Messages and Meanings], and representation and reality [vaping Representation and Reality]). Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the associations of vaping media literacy with perceived harmfulness of E-cigarette use and susceptibility to use E-cigarettes. Analyses were conducted in 2021. The mean vaping media literacy among students was 2.6 (range=0-6). There were significant disparities with lower vaping media literacy among middle-school (versus high-school, p=0.03) students, males (versus females, p=0.003), and racial/ethnic minority students (Blacks, Hispanics, others versus Whites, p=0.0009). A higher vaping media literacy was significantly associated with increased perceived harmfulness of E-cigarette use (AOR=1.2; 95% CI=1.1, 1.2; p<0.0001). All subscales were also associated with E-cigarette harm perception. Among never E-cigarette users, students with a higher (versus those with a lower) vaping media literacy had lower susceptibility to initiating E-cigarettes (AOR=0.90; 95% CI=0.83, 0.97; p=0.005). Both vaping Messages and Meanings and vaping Representation and Reality subscales were adversely associated with susceptibility to vaping. The vaping media literacy scale may gauge the influence of E-cigarette marketing on adolescents with high reliability and validity. Racial minorities, younger adolescents, and males appear relatively vulnerable to vaping marketing influence. Efforts to increase vaping media literacy are needed to curb youth E-cigarette use.

The Social Media Entrepreneurship of Inexperienced People: From the Learning Process Perspective

Myriad people with no prior experience in business and entrepreneurship education are using social media to undertake vlogging, live-streaming, and selling for financial gain. To address the puzzle about how such a large number of inexperienced people learn to become skillful social media entrepreneurs, we conduct an inductive, qualitative study on ‘daigou’ agents: a type of social media entrepreneur, often students, who perform re-selling and personal shopping through social media, such as WeChat and Weibo. First, our findings propose that inexperienced people initially use social media to engage in two forms of vicarious learning (i.e., observational learning and online acquaintanceship learning), which are both rapid and low-cost and also facilitated by general social media affordances (i.e., browsing, communication, networking, and knowledge-gathering). Through vicarious learning, inexperienced people acquire knowledge about contextual social media affordances that enable the conduct of operational tasks (e.g., product selection, advertising, receiving payments, building customer trust, complaint management, and recruitment) and model social media posts that visually illustrate the realization of contextual affordances. Second, our findings also show that social media features offer inexperienced people the capabilities to apply vicariously acquired knowledge in one or more of three forms of application: reproductive, selective, and experimental. Based on these findings, the implications for entrepreneurship studies and policy-makers/managers are discussed.

Conversion Matrix Method of Moments for Time-Varying Electromagnetic Analysis

A conversion matrix approach to solving network problems involving time-varying circuit components is applied to the method of moments for electromagnetic scattering analysis. Detailed formulations of this technique's application to the scattering analysis of structures loaded with time-varying circuit networks or constructed from general time-varying media are presented. The computational cost of the method is discussed, along with an analysis of compression techniques capable of significantly reducing computational cost for partially loaded systems. Several numerical examples demonstrate the capabilities of the technique along with its validation against conventional methods of modeling time-varying electromagnetic systems, such as finite difference time domain and transient circuit co-simulation.

Peran Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Kinerja UMKM : Suatu Kajian Literatur Sistematik

In the current business development that is growing, it is necessary for companies (UMKIM) to always carry out strategies in order to win the competition and ultimately improve their business performance. Social Media. There are many discussions with different results regarding social media and its impact on MSME performance. Therefore, this article aims to provide a clearer understanding of the influence of social media on MSME performance by conducting a systematic literature review of 10 publications published relevant from 2018 to 2022. The results of the analysis identify that in general social media has an influence on MSME performance in various countries.&#x0D; Keywords: Social Media, MSMEs, Systematic literature review.

Invasive slipper limpets (Crepidula fornicata) act like a sink, rather than source, of Vibrio spp.

A large knowledge gap exists regarding the disease profile and pathologic condition of the invasive, slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata. To help address this, we performed a year-long health survey at two sites in South Wales, UK – subtidal Swansea Bay and intertidal Milford Haven. In total, 1,800 limpets were screened systematically for haemolymph bacterial burdens using both general and vibrio-selective growth media (TSA + 2% NaCl and TCBS, respectively), haemolymph (blood) inspection using microscopy, a PCR-based assay targeting Vibrio spp., and multi-tissue histology. Over 99% of haemolymph samples contained cultivable bacterial colony-forming units, and 83% of limpets tested positive for the presence of vibrios via PCR (confirmed via Sanger sequencing). Vibrio presence did not vary greatly between sites, yet a strong seasonal effect was observed with significantly higher bacterial loads during the summer. Binomial logistic regression models revealed larger (older) limpets were more likely to harbour vibrios, and the growth of bacteria on TCBS was a key predictor for PCR-based vibrio detection. Histological assessment of > 340 animals revealed little evidence of inflammation, sepsis or immune reactivity despite the gross bacterial numbers. We contend that slipper limpets are not highly susceptible to bacteriosis at either site, and do not harbour vibrios known to be pathogenic to humans. The lack of susceptibility to local pathogenic bacteria may explain, in part, the invasion success of C. fornicata across this region.

A Meta-Analysis of The Effect Teams Games Tournament (TGT) in Biology Learning Toward Student Learning Outcomes

Learning is a complex process which contains several aspects. These aspects are an increase in the amount of knowledge, the ability to remember and reproduce, there is an application of knowledge, inferring meaning, interpreting and relating to reality, and a change as a person. This research is hoped that can give contribute for schools, teachers, and students. This researcher has led a review entitled Meta-examination of the impact of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model on science subjects on student learning outcomes using the connection test technique the Team Games Tournament (TGT) Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes in Science Learning. is a scalable method for consolidating the consequences of at least two comparable examinations to obtain a mix of quantitative information. This research plans to determine student learning outcomes in science learning after the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model is applied. This research is uses the strategy of Meta Correlation Analysis which is an attempt to summarize various exploratory results quantitatively based on the consequences of important investigations. In this research is can find that there is an impact from the use of the learning model the fun type is Teams Games Tournament Tournament assisted by general media on student learning outcomes. Utilization of Cooperative Learning Model Types of Teams Games Tournament Assisted by Audio Visual has an impact on student learning outcomes. Likewise, TGT can also train self-confidence and all students are given the opportunity to attend classes effectively. Opening the door for students to be interested can make students more dynamic and increase their knowledge.

Getting through a COVID-19 winter: Physical coldness increases the perceived risk of coronavirus disease

What factors influence how people perceive the risk of getting COVID-19? Extending beyond features of general health conditions, media coverage, and genetic susceptibility to disease, the present research investigates whether the immediacy of experience with temperature, a subtle yet pervasive environmental factor, can affect people's estimation of contagion probability. According to the attribute substitution model, people may rely on the visceral experience of coldness, a far easier quantity to evaluate, to estimate the contagion probability of the new coronavirus disease. Study 1 found that Chinese university students who perceived the indoor temperature to be lower believed that the coronavirus was more infectious. To provide causal evidence for the effect, Study 2 randomly assigned participants to different conditions. The results showed that participants in the cold condition reported a higher likelihood of contracting the coronavirus than participants in the control condition. Overall, these findings are consistent with the attribute substitution model: people tend to recruit simpler and more accessible information (e.g., local temperature) in place of more diagnostic but less tangible information (e.g., scientific data) in assessing the risk of disease transmission. Theoretical contributions and the significance of this research for policy makers are discussed.

Emotional socialization and agency: Representations of coping with old age dementia and Alzheimer’s in graphic novels

This research investigates representations of emotion work and emotional labor in caregiving, in the medium of graphic novels. The study is based on a collection of six contemporary graphic novels that discuss the relationships between older adults who are suffering from dementia or Alzheimer’s and their family caregivers and professional caretakers. Family caregivers are caught in a complicated web of family relationships and new, emerging caregiving roles. We rely on thematic content analysis to identify the main forms of emotional agency, structural constraints and trade-offs in family and professional situations. Emotional agency in caregiving is portrayed as situated, though emerging from divergent definitions of the situations for caretakers and patients; it is embedded in the family system, which is contrastively portrayed with the procedural, less empathic medical institution, and also with the general mass media portrayal of old age. Graphic novels contribute to the emotional socialization of people anticipating situations of suffering, or caring for mental disorders associated with old age.

Political Economy of Resource Economics: Unlocking the Policy Debate on Accelerated Hydropower Future in Bhutan

Bhutan is endowed with abundant hydropower potential and harnessing it has assumed national strategic importance as it is the backbone of Bhutan’s economy. Given the importance of hydropower, the Sustainable Hydropower Development Policy was adopted in 2008 to accelerate hydropower development and achieve economic self reliance. However, the acceleration generated a lot of controversy undermining the confidence of the Bhutanese people from all fronts, such as anticipated lower returns to investment, unstable future markets, threats from climate change, cost overrun, and delayed completion of projects. These are the emerging policy discourses among the Bhutanese bureaucrats, politicians, policy analysts, researchers, and independent thinkers concerning the hydropower future. However, a lot of what is discussed and published often comes in the form of general commentaries, media interviews, conference presentations, and official policy documents. A limited number of research papers either publish or unpublished comes from the graduate students’ thesis which are based on data and documents available in the public domain. Correspondingly, this paper engages in implementing this significant agenda with scientific enquiry on Bhutan’s investment in hydropower projects and its sustainability. Employing transdisciplinary research methodology, this paper debates why Bhutan needs to continue investing in accelerated hydropower development.

Seeing is visiting: discerning tourists’ behavior from landmarks in ordinary photos

The unprecedented development of the internet has compelled a growing number of tourists to share their photographs on social media. These images convey valuable memories and points of interest. As photography and content sharing have become commonplace among visitors, pictorial digital footprints represent a prevalent topic in tourism research. Studies on tourists’ movement trajectories hold great importance for destination management, marketing, and services. Flickr is a popular source in photo-based tourism research given the digital footprints embedded in photos’ metadata; however, the site’s bottlenecks (e.g. declining user activity, overly professional photographs) raise concerns. Scholars have instead gradually shifted their attention to emerging photo platforms such as Instagram—yet these pictures do not contain geographical information. Taking Beijing as a focal location, we introduce an approach in which landmark recognition complements the geographical cues in Instagram photos. Instagram check-in data and data identified through landmark recognition are validated. Ultimately, the recognized landmark information appears highly correlated with check-in data. This study demonstrates the feasibility of landmark recognition for extracting tourists’ footprints from ordinary content in user-generated photos. Findings also confirm that many photos from general social media platforms can serve as alternative and representative data sources in photo-based tourism research.

General Surgery Residency Applicants’ Perspective on Social Media as a Recruiting Tool

General surgery residency programs have increased their social media presence to educate and recruit prospective residents. This study aims to understand the impact of general surgery residency program social media on the 2020-2021 applicants' evaluation of prospective programs, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. An optional 20-item online survey regarding specialty choice, sub-internship rotation completion, social media resource use, social media impact, and general demographic information. Large academic medical center, United States. A total of 1191 Participants to our general surgery residency program were sent a survey. Six hundred thirteen completed the survey. Surveys were sent to all general surgery residency applicants of a single program (1,191) and 613 (51.4%) responded. Overall, social media resources use included official residency program website (92.4%), Doximity (36.5%), and Twitter (35.6%). The most frequently relied upon resources by applicants were the official residency program website (64.9%) Twitter (10.9%) and Instagram (10.8%). Most respondents agreed that social media was an effective means to inform applicants (70.9%) and that it positively impacted their perception of the program (62.6%). The most commonly cited benefits were helping the program exhibit its culture and comradery among residents, faculty, and staff (79.2%), with posts of social events and camaraderie as being the most helpful in learning about residency programs. Of all applicants, 71.3% noted that social media had a significant impact on perceptions of programs during the application cycles that were limited by COVID-19 safety and travel restrictions. However, most applicants disagree with (35.3%) or are neutral toward (32.1%) the statement that social media will have less of an impact on future cycles not limited by COVID-19. During the 2020-2021 application cycle, the majority of applicants utilized social media to inform and educate themselves about the general surgery programs they applied to. Residency-based social media had a positive impact on the majority of applicants, especially in terms of allowing a program to demonstrate its culture and camaraderie. Investing time and resources into residency social media accounts appears to be a meaningful pursuit for general surgery programs and is an important aspect in today's recruitment effort.

Analysis of gyrobianisotropic media effect on the input impedance, field distribution and mutual coupling of a printed dipole antenna

In this paper, we present an analytical study for the investigation of the effects of the magnetoelectric elements of a reciprocal and nonreciprocal bianisotropic grounded substrate on the input impedance, resonant length of a dipole antenna as well as on the mutual coupling between two element printed dipole array in three configuration geometries: broadside, collinear and echelon printed on the same material. This study examines also the effect of the considered bianisotropic medium on the electric and magnetic field distributions that has been less addressed in the literature for antenna structures. Computations are based on the numerical resolution, using the spectral method of moments, of the integral equation developed through the mathematical derivation of the appropriate spectral Green’s functions of the studied dipole configuration. Original results, for chiral, achiral, Tellegen and general bi-anisotropic media cases, are obtained and discussed with the electric and magnetic field distributions for a better understanding and interpretation. These interesting results can serve as a stepping stone for further works to attract more attention to the reciprocal and non-reciprocal Tellgen media in-depth studies.

Associations between social media use and cognitive abilities: Results from a large-scale study of adolescents

In adolescence, smartphone use in general and social media use in particular has often been associated with negative effects, such as higher anxiety levels and body dissatisfaction. Other outcomes – such as fundamental cognitive abilities and skills (e.g., intelligence, information processing, spatial perception) – have rarely been the focus of research. Here, we analysed data from a large sample of adolescents (12–16 years; N > 12,000) who performed a series of psychometric tests ranging from intelligence, spatial perception, and information processing, to practical numeracy, and compared their test results with their social media usage (average active and passive time per day, problematic social media use). We additionally applied a random-forest model approach, useful for designs with many predictors and expected small effect sizes. Almost all associations did not outperform known age- and sex-differences on social media use; that is, effect sizes were small-to-tiny and had low importance in the random-forest analyses compared to dominant demographic effects. Negative effects of social media use may have been overstated in past research, at least in samples with adolescents.

Social Work Interventions: A Socio-Ecological Analysis of Climate Change and Conflict Refugees in the Sahel

The UN Refugee Agency, the UNHCR, has stated that climate change will disproportionally impact the displaced as it becomes more unpredictable, intense, frequent, and dangerous (Gaynor, 2020). The UNHCR reported that in 2019, weather-related hazards resulted in almost 25 million displacements in 140 countries. This paper will examine the effects of climate change and ensuing conflict on refugees in the Sahel Region of Africa. This paper will first look at the effects from a social-ecological systems perspective, analyzing the interrelating contexts. This paper will then examine the harmful effects of climate change and ensuing conflict on humans, other species, and the environment. This paper will follow this examination with an analysis of which actors benefit from the systems that initiate these detrimental effects, and how they can be held accountable. The general media narratives of refugees will be examined, establishing barriers for humanitarian aid and public support to reach those in need. Then, this paper will examine three leverage points through which the profession of social work and other helping professions could intervene to address the problem, followed by the identification of one specifically poignant leverage point from the three – community organizing, providing a blueprint to effectively address the harmful effects climate change and conflict are having on refugees in the Sahel.

3-D Marine CSEM Modeling in General Anisotropic Media by Using an Adaptive Finite Element Approach Based on the Vector-Scalar Potential

3-D Marine CSEM Modeling in General Anisotropic Media by Using an Adaptive Finite Element Approach Based on the Vector-Scalar Potential

Engaging Patients via Online Healthcare Fora: Three Pharmacovigilance Use Cases.

Increasingly, patient-generated safety insights are shared online, via general social media platforms or dedicated healthcare fora which give patients the opportunity to discuss their disease and treatment options. We evaluated three areas of potential interest for the use of social media in pharmacovigilance. To evaluate how social media may complement existing safety signal detection capabilities, we identified two use cases (drug/adverse event [AE] pairs) and then evaluated the frequency of AE discussions across a range of social media channels. Changes in frequency over time were noted in social media, then compared to frequency changes in Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data over the same time period using a traditional disproportionality method. Although both data sources showed increasing frequencies of AE discussions over time, the increase in frequency was greater in the FAERS data as compared to social media. To demonstrate the robustness of medical/AE insights of linked posts we manually reviewed 2,817 threads containing 21,313 individual posts from 3,601 unique authors. Posts from the same authors were linked together. We used a quality scoring algorithm to determine the groups of linked posts with the highest quality and manually evaluated the top 16 groups of posts. Most linked posts (12/16; 75%) contained all seven relevant medical insights assessed compared to only one (of 1,672) individual post. To test the capability of actively engage patients via social media to obtain follow-up AE information we identified and sent consents for follow-up to 39 individuals (through a third party). We sent target follow-up questions (identified by pharmacovigilance experts as critical for causality assessment) to those who consented. The number of people consenting to follow-up was low (20%), but receipt of follow-up was high (75%). We observed completeness of responses (37 out of 37 questions answered) and short average time required to receive the follow-up (1.8 days). Our findings indicate a limited use of social media data for safety signal detection. However, our research highlights two areas of potential value to pharmacovigilance: obtaining more complete medical/AE insights via longitudinal post linking and actively obtaining rapid follow-up information on AEs.

Extension of the regularization technique to controlled-source electromagnetic modeling in general anisotropic conductivity media

Traditional Krylov subspace methods can be slow for electromagnetic modeling, particularly at lower frequencies. One of the commonly used remedies is to apply the divergence correction iteratively during the solution process, which requires solving an additional divergence correction equation. Alternatively, we have developed an efficient regularization technique to carry out the forward modeling of the anisotropic effect for 3D controlled-source electromagnetic data. Inside this scheme, we explicitly include the gradient of a scaled divergence correction term into the original curl-curl equation for general anisotropic conductivity structure. This inclusion leads to a significantly better-conditioned linear system of equations without changing the solution of the original system and avoids the solution of an additional equation. The correctness of the developed algorithm is examined based on a vertical transverse isotropic layered model with the semianalytical solution available. Then, we use a tilted transverse isotropic ocean canonical reservoir model and a general anisotropic 3D model to investigate the stability and efficiency of the algorithm. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the developed technique is 0.49–2.9 times faster than the standard algorithm at the considered frequencies.

Going Beyond General Media Trust: An Analysis of Topical Media Trust, its Antecedents and Effects on Issue (Mis)perceptions

AbstractA key problem with research on news media trust is that it has mostly focused on general media trust and that there is limited research on how media trust might vary across levels of analysis. In this paper, we seek to remedy this by investigating whether news media trust differs depending on the topic of news coverage and whether topical trust can be distinguished from general media trust. We also investigate the antecedents of trust in news coverage of different topics and the effects of topical trust on issue (mis)perceptions. Among other things, findings show that topical media trust can be distinguished from general media trust and is a better predictor of correct perceptions on political matters.

Emotions, Strategies, and Health: Examining the Impact of an Educational Program on Tanzanian Preschool Children.

Around the world, well-produced television programming can engage vulnerable, hard-to-reach audiences by offering informal education and enrichment. Akili and Me is an animated children’s educational program available in Sub-Saharan Africa that provides age and culturally appropriate lessons. In 2018, the producers created socio-emotional and health content. This study examines the relationship between children’s exposure to the new Akili and Me content and socio-emotional and health outcomes. Participants included low-income school children (mean age 5.32 years, SD = 0.82) from Arusha, Tanzania. Researchers conducted one-on-one baseline and post-intervention surveys with each participant. Over 12 weeks, the children attended afterschool sessions with screenings of Akili and Me, with distinct content screened on different days. The research team recorded children’s attendance and assessed children’s receptivity to the program through character identification. Using MLM regression models with data from 411 participants from 10 public schools, the analyses showed that a greater exposure and receptivity to Akili and Me predicted improved outcomes scores on the socio-emotional and health outcomes, controlling for sex, age, baseline scores, and general media receptivity (non-Akili and Me characters). Contributing to the literature on educational media, this study shows that exposure to an animated program can teach vulnerable preschool children socio-emotional and health content.

Finnish Parliament on the Semantic Web

This paper introduces the system ParliamentSampo – Parliament of Finland on the Semantic Web, a Linked Open Data (LOD) service, data infrastructure, and semantic portal for studying Finnish political culture, language, and networks of the Members of Parliament (MP). The article presents the vision behind the system, the LOD service, and explores the possibilities to utilize it in research and application development. A knowledge graph of linked data has been created based on ca. 962 000 speeches in all plenary sessions of the Parliament of Finland in 1907—2021; the data is also available in XML format, utilizing the new international Parla-CLARIN format. For the first time, the entire time series of the Finnish parliamentary speeches has been converted into data and a data service in a unified format. In addition, the speeches have been interlinked with another knowledge graph created from the database of the MPs and enriched from other data sources into a broader ontology-based data service. The paper shows how the LOD service SPARQL endpoint can be used to research parliamentary culture, the use of political language, and networks of politicians through data analysis. The service endpoint can also be used to develop applications for different user groups without programming skills, such as the ParliamentSampo semantic portal introduced in the paper, too. This application aims to make political decision making more transparent to the general public, media, politicians, and other end users.