Generic Head Research Articles

Nomenclature of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

A nomenclature scheme for various types of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) based on morphology, topology, and method of synthesis is presented. In this scheme, IPN is the generic name of all polyblends of this type, regardless of their origin, as opposed to Sperling's recent classification of polyblends and graft copolymers, (Polymer Preprints, 14, (2), August, 1973), in which the various types of IPN's are given separate classifications under the generic heading of polyblends.

New Texts from the Reign of Sin-iddinam

In 1950, Albrecht Goetze summarized and augmented the documentation for the ninth king of the Larsa dynasty in an article which remains the standard treatment of this reign,l as does his simultaneous survey of a minor contemporary, Sumu-yamutbal.2 In the meantime the documentation available for Sin-iddinam3 has expanded considerably, especially in respect of the genres represented. It thus seems fitting to summarize it briefly here under the appropriate generic headings. I. Archival Sources The following sample is intended to supplement the sources published or cited in the studies listed above, notes 1-2.4 It is not meant to be exhaustive and is devoted primarily to texts connecting Sin-iddinam and Sumu-yamutbal. a. YBC 10890: Letter of dEN.ZU-i-din-n[am]? to Su-mu-ia-mu-[ut-ba-ltm]? GonGerning ten named and five unnamed persons. While no titles are mentioned, it seems reasonable to identify the correspondents with the king of Larsa and his

Endogone, Hymenogaster, and Melanogaster as Small Mammal Foods

The fungus Endogone was an important summer and fall food of certain small mammals at Ithaca, New York especially Zapus hudsonius, Napaeozapus insignis, and Clethrionomys gapperi, making up 12.8, 35.4, and 20.2% of the volume of food in 429, 53, and 162 stomachs (spores were found in 145, 37, and 51 stomachs) respectively. It was utilized less often by Blarina brevicauda and Sorex fumeus comprising 6.3 and 9.4% of the volume of food in 136 and 18 stomachs (spores were found in 19 and 5 stomachs). It was seldom eaten by Peromyscus leucopus and Microtus pennsylvanicus, making up only 1.1 and 1.4% of the volume of food in 128 and 108 stomachs (spores were found in 7 and 10 stomachs). Hymenogaster constituted 1.2% of the volume of food in the Zapus, 4.6% in the Napaeozapus, and 1.1 % in the Blarina stomachs. The fungi were probably ingested directly rather than along with other foods at least in the case of the zapodids and Clethrionomys. Various small mammals are known to feed on subterranean fungi o-f the genera Endogone and Melanogaster. This paper reviews some of the literature on the subject and includes information on stomach contents of 429 Zapus hudsonius, 53 Napaeozapus insignis, 108 Microtus pennsylvanicus, 136 Blarina brevicauda, and 18 Sorex fumeus from Ithaca, New York. Stomach contents were analyzed by visually estimating the volume percentage of each type of food in each stomach. Most of the mammals examined from Ithaca were taken in 1959 and 1960. Stomach contents for examination were placed in watchglasses and the material was agitated or separated with needles before identification. The fungi often occur in small grape-like clusters of spores, usually in an amorphous mass of gray or brown, glutinous material. Such masses should be picked apart with needles in order to find spores, which may occur in spherical clumps clinging to bits of rootlets, or may separate from the main mass of material. Spores are nearly spherical and range from clear through yellow and brown to black, and photographs of them are presented in papers by Dowding (1955, 1959) and Bakerspigel (1956, 1958). Spores of Hymenogaster are much smaller than those of Endogone, being barely visible under 30 power magnification. Previous records of Endogone and Melanogaster in small mammal stomachs are given with results from the present study under each generic heading below: Zapus. Dowding (1955) reported that the stomach of a Zapus princeps collected near Banff, Alberta, contained Endogone pulvinata. Bakerspigel (1956) found E. fasciculata in one of three stomachs of Z. princeps from Saskatchewan.

Les Fours Électriques et leurs Applications

ALL thermo-electric effects in which electricity is the prime agent are regarded by the author as coming within the scope of the title of this book, the grounds being that all forms of apparatus for converting electrical energy into heat, come under the generic head of fours électriques. The book thus includes not only descriptions of electric furnaces in which temperatures approaching four thousand degrees are reached, but also of simple conductors and resistance coils raised a few degrees above the temperature of the atmosphere by the electric current. The first part of the volume is devoted to an account of the heating effects of electricity; it includes descriptions of the heat produced by a current passing through a metallic resistance, the maximum temperatures of conductors, and electric heating generally. The remaining three parts deal with the electric arc and arc-carbons of various forms, electric furnaces and their applications, and carbide of calcium and acetylene.

IV.—British Museum Catalogue of Fossil Reptilia, and Papers on the Enaliosaurians

In writing Part I. of the British Museum Catalogue of Fossil Reptilia, in which a large number of forms are known solely by disjecta membra, I was fully prepared to find that many of my determinations, which are frequently provisional, would subsequently need correction. It is, moreover, highly probable that there are really more species represented in the collection than I have indicated, as in some cases, in my desire to avoid the introduction of new specific or generic names which could not be fully substantiated, I have provisionally included under generic or specific headings specimens which may prove to indicate distinct forms.