Generator System Research Articles

Enhancing Low Voltage Ride-Through Resilience using Empowering Solar Energy Strategies

The rapid advancement of Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) technology has been highlighted by the exponential rise of photovoltaic (PV) generation systems. An extensive analysis of LVRT methods specifically designed for PV generating systems is presented in this research. Important topics like main causes, current control schemes, power balance and overall solutions are the main focus of the review. Moreover, it provides comprehensive insights and elaborates on integrated solutions intended for large-scale PV systems. The objective of this research is to improve the resilience and reliability of renewable energy sources, especially solar photovoltaic systems, against grid disruptions and voltage changes by investigating LVRT approaches in solar power systems. Enhancing the integration of solar power systems into current electrical grids, reducing downtime, and optimizing system performance are the objectives in order to accelerate the shift to a more resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.

Improving the quality of performing in-service inspections using manipulators

Many in-service inspections, mainly carried out by the ultrasonic method, were until recently carried out manually or semi-automated with the use of encoders. These types of inspections usually lack data recording and are dependent on the experience of the operator performing these inspections. For these reasons, in recent years one of the important activities carried out within the Research Centre Rez has been the development and production of manipulators for non-destructive testing. This article will describe in more detail the manipulators used for ultrasonic testing of the reactor head nozzles, nozzles of the emergency power supply system of steam generators treated with weld overlay, inspection of low-pressure blade dovetails and others. The developed manipulators will make it possible to refine and improve the repeatability of inspections that were previously carried out manually (more precise guidance of probes, etc.) or were not carried out at all due to inaccessibility for operators. Among other examples of the use of manipulators is in conditions where manual testing is not possible. One of the applications can be measurement using the phased array technique on pipelines during service, when the temperature on the surface of the pipeline can be up to 320°C (the maximum temperature of the primary pipeline of a nuclear power plant).

Regulated DC Sources for Powering Magnetic Systems of Microwave Generators Based on Supercapacitor Storages

Regulated DC Sources for Powering Magnetic Systems of Microwave Generators Based on Supercapacitor Storages

Combined Rotor-Side and Grid-Side Suppression of Sub-Synchronous Oscillation in Doubly-Fed Wind Turbines

Abstract In the field of wind power generation, the significant geographical separation between wind farms and load centers often necessitated the long-distance and large-scale transmission of wind energy, which was typically achieved through transmission lines equipped with series compensation capacitors. However, this setup led to interactions between the series compensation capacitors and the control systems of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs), potentially causing sub-synchronous oscillations in grid-connected systems. To address this issue, our study focused on a DFIG-based wind farm interconnected via a series-compensated line. We proposed an innovative suppression strategy that incorporated additional virtual damping on the grid side. This strategy was effectively combined with an ancillary approach of adding virtual inductance on the rotor side, offering a robust solution to mitigate sub-synchronous oscillations. The simulation results showed that the joint application of these two strategies was more effective than implementing them individually. Notably, the strategy involving additional virtual damping on the grid side outperformed the approach of adding virtual inductance on the rotor side.

New paradigms of water‐enabled electrical energy generation

AbstractNanotechnology‐inspired small‐sized water‐enabled electricity generation (WEG) has sparked widespread research interest, especially when applied as an electricity source for off‐grid low‐power electronic equipment and systems. Currently, WEG encompasses a wide range of physical phenomena, generator structures, and power generation environments. However, a systematic framework to clearly describe the connections and differences between these technologies is unavailable. In this review, a comprehensive overview of generator technologies and the typical mechanisms for harvesting water energy is provided. Considering the different roles of water in WEG processes, the related technologies are presented as two different scenarios. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the electrical potential formation in each WEG process is presented, and their similarities and differences are elucidated. Furthermore, a comprehensive compilation of advanced generator architectures and system designs based on hydrological cycle processes is presented, along with their respective energy efficiencies. These nanotechnology‐inspired small‐sized WEG devices show considerable potential for applications in the Internet of Things ecosystem (i.e., microelectronic devices, integrated circuits, and smart clothing). Finally, the prospects and future challenges of WEG devices are also summarized.

Techno-economic study of a hybrid photovoltaic-diesel system for a remote area in southwest Algeria

Exploiting natural sun and wind resources in remote and isolated areas is undoubtedly an excellent decision to generate electrical energy due to their availability and cleanliness. Various systems were used to generate this energy, such as photovoltaics (PV), wind turbine sand other energy systems. Moreover, for optimum energy use, some of these systems are combined either with each other or with other conventional systems, such as diesel generators with PV systems (i.e., hybrid systems). This work aims to present a technical-economic study of PV/diesel autonomous hybrid systems to supply electrical power for an isolated house located in a hot desert climate, Adrar. For optimizing the hybrid systems, hourly input data of solar radiation and load were used according to two configurations, where the annual load is 11.2 kWh/day. The findings showed that the diesel system had a high cost, with a cost for energy of $0.407/kWh and a fuel price of $0.140/l. Among the hybrid power systems but with significant pollution, the proposed hybrid system 2 kw photovoltaic and diesel generator with 2.3 kW has important economic feasibility, where the energy cost amounted to $0.172/kWh. In addition, CO2 emissions are reduced by approximately 5 tons every year compared to an independent diesel generator system.

Aircraft Designed for Cargo Transportation and Investigation of its Benefits

In this study, an Octorotor UAV capable of carrying 10 desi/2 kg cargo was designed. It is an eight-rotor rotary wing aircraft and its body consists of eight arms connected to each other by two moving mechanisms. When requested in emergency situations, the fastest intervention can be provided by aircrafts. The auxiliary battery and generator system carried by the aircraft is to provide enough energy to reach the nearest electric charging station for the stranded vehicles. In cases such as disasters, the rapid delivery of health supplies can also be provided by this method. The aircraft designed for this purpose has a rotary wing and a feature that can change its body structure according to different load and weather conditions. The shape change improves its performance compared to conventional aircraft and increases its ability to fulfil its mission. For this purpose, the design of a shape-changing aircraft was realized.

FACTORS ANALYSIS USE ELECTRICAL ENERGY SOURCES IN MICROGRIDS FROM ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM POSITION

The analysis of the factors of the use of electrical energy sources in microgrids from the point of view of the energy management system is a comprehensive study aimed at studying and evaluating various aspects of the use of electrical energy in small energy systems that can function independently of centralized energy networks. The main purpose of such an analysis is to identify key factors , which affect the efficiency and stability of the microgrid, as well as in the development of strategies to optimize their operation from the point of view of energy management. To achieve this goal, research is conducted covering the following aspects: technical characteristics of electrical sources, economic aspects, environmental consequences, energy management, social aspects. This is an important stage in the development of energy systems, aimed at creating efficient and sustainable energy solutions for the future. The analysis of the efficiency, reliability and power of various energy sources, such as solar batteries, wind turbines, batteries, etc., was considered. The cost of installation and operation of electric energy sources was calculated. , including the costs of maintenance, maintenance and replacement of equipment. The method of analyzing the impact of the use of various energy sources on the environment and the development of strategies for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other harmful substances are given. The essence of energy management systems that allow efficient management of production, storage and distribution of electricity in microgrids to ensure maximum efficiency and stability of system operation is considered. The question of the development of alternative energy sources has become particularly relevant, therefore, considering the existing structures of microgrids, it is advisable to notice the peculiarities of the construction of each microgrid, for example, the structure of a microgrid based on a wind generator can be built in several variants, and in a solar power plant, for efficient operation, the MPPT control algorithm is used, which aims to control the step-up converter in that point of the current and voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic battery, where the maximum output power can be obtained. In such microgrid structures, storage batteries are used for reserve, which are charged through step-up converters. Inverters are used to power the AC load. It is advisable to combine the solar power plant and the wind generator system into one microgrid structure, and to ensure the operation of the microgrid in conditions of low generation of one or both generating units, a diesel-generator system is used. In the built hybrid structure of the microgrid, there are operational costs that must be minimized.

Performance of New Control Strategy of Dual Stator Induction Generator System Applied in Wind Power Generation

In order to improve the quality of energy and reduce the harmonics produced by the power electronics converters, it is proposed and developed in this article the direct torque control, in which the flux and torque are estimated from the only measurable electrical quantities. The direct torque control DTC method, to enhance the dynamic and static performances as well as the robustness of the control of the Wind Energy Conversion System (DSIG). DTC is a control technique that exploits the possibility of imposing torque and flux on alternating current machines in a decoupled manner, once powered by a voltage inverter without current regulation made by a feedback loop, ensuring a decoupling, similar to that obtained from a vector control. The technique involved rapid torque response, insensitivity to parametric variation, in particular the machine's rotor time constant and systematic suitability for control without speed sensor. The main function of the generator side controller is to track the maximum power through controlling the rotational speed of the wind turbine using PI controller. The performance and the effectiveness of the proposed control system are tested via simulation results in terms of reference tracking, and robustness against parameters variations of the DSIG. Simulation results for 1.5 MW DSIG control show robust with respect to the parametric variation 2 Rs, 1,5 Rs et 0.5 Rs, and fast dynamic behavior of system, with the temps of response is 0.02 s, active power extracted 0.15 MW with lambda 9 and Cp 0,5 that the wind turbine can operate at its optimum power point for a wide range of wind speed and power quality can be greatly improved.

ℒ2 gain tracking control of linear completely unknown discrete‐time networked control systems with dropout

AbstractWe introduce an online, model‐free algorithm to address the gain optimal tracking problems in discrete linear networked control systems. The algorithm is specifically proposed to handle stochastic information dropout in the feedback loop. Our goal is to design a control law that achieves the system output reference tracking while attenuating the effect of the disturbance input. We first construct an augmented system consisting of the original system and the command generator system. Then, the performance index is expressed in a quadratic form taking into account packet loss. Next, we obtain the optimal solution by solving the dropout generalized algebraic riccati equation (GARE). Finally, a ‐learning algorithm is utilized to estimate the control and disturbance feedback gains of the system, using only measurement data with unknown system dynamics in the presence of dropout. Two algorithms are tested on a numerical example to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

A new invariant of lattice polytopes

The maximal degree of monomials belonging to the unique minimal system of monomial generators of the canonical module $\omega (K[\mathcal{P}])$ of the toric ring $K[\mathcal{P}]$ defined by a lattice polytope $\mathcal{P}$ will be studied. It is shown that if $\mathcal{P}$ possesses an interior lattice point, then the maximal degree is at most $\dim \mathcal{P} - 1$, and that this bound is the best possible in general.

СТІЙКІСТЬ РОБОЧИХ РЕЖИМІВ АВТОНОМНИХ АСИНХРОННИХ ГЕНЕРАТОРІВ ІЗ САМОЗБУДЖЕННЯМ

The paper presents the results of investigation the stability conditions of self-excited induction generators. A mathematical model of the generating system with an analytical description of the dependence of the magnetization inductance on the current is used. It allows to avoid the iterative procedure and to scale the dependence to determine the magnetization inductance for induction machines of different types and power. The influence of the load inductance on the stability of the generating system at different rotational speeds is investigated. It is shown that an increase in the inductance value increases the system stability margins in the self-excitation zone. Also this article deals with the issues of system stability within the self-excitation zone of an induction generator at different rotational speeds depending on the value of the capacitance of self-excitation capacitors. It is depicted that at low rotational speeds there may not exist a stable operation mode in the self-excitation zone regardless of the value of the capacitance in the motor stator circuit. This method of determination the stability of the operation modes of the generation system will be useful both for the design of new systems and for the modification and adjustment of existing ones. References 9, figures 4.

Authorship in artificial intelligence‐generated works: Exploring originality in text prompts and artificial intelligence outputs through philosophical foundations of copyright and collage protection

AbstractThe advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and its generative capabilities have propelled innovation across various industries, yet they have also sparked intricate legal debates, particularly in the realm of copyright law. Generative AI systems, capable of producing original content based on user‐provided input or prompts, have introduced novel challenges regarding ownership and authorship of AI‐generated works. One crucial aspect of this discussion revolves around text prompts, which serve as instructions for AI systems to generate specific content types, be it text, images, or music. Despite the transformative potential of AI‐generated works, the legal landscape remains fragmented, with disparate jurisdictional interpretations and a lack of uniform approaches. This disparity has led to legal uncertainty and ambiguity, necessitating a nuanced exploration of originality, creativity, and legal principles in the context of text prompts and resulting outputs. This article seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate by delving into the complexities surrounding AI‐generated works, focusing specifically on the originality of text prompts and their correlation with resulting outputs. While previous literature has extensively examined copyright issues related to AI, the originality of text prompts remains largely unexplored, representing a significant gap in the existing discourse. By analysing the originality of text prompts, this article aims to uncover new insights into the creative process underlying AI‐generated works and its implications for copyright law. Drawing parallels from traditional creative works, such as collages, the article will assess how legal principles apply to AI‐generated content, considering philosophical foundations as well as copyright principles, such as the idea‐expression dichotomy. Furthermore, the article will explore the divergent approaches taken by different jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom, United States, and European Union, in determining originality in the context of copyright law. While refraining from providing definitive answers, the article aims to stimulate critical thinking and dialogue among stakeholders. By offering fresh perspectives and insights, it seeks to enrich the discourse surrounding the copyrightability of AI‐generated works and pave the way for informed policy decisions and legal interpretations. The article aims to contribute valuable perspectives to the ongoing debate on copyright and AI, shaping the future trajectory of intellectual property law in the era of artificial intelligence.

Speed Breaker

The growing demand for electrical energy amidst dwindling fossil fuel resources necessitates innovative approaches for sustainable power generation. In response, this study introduces a novel method harnessing the untapped energy from human foot traffic. Leveraging piezoelectric transducers embedded within specially designed tiles, the kinetic energy generated by footstep vibrations is converted into electrical energy. These tiles, strategically placed in high-traffic areas such as crowded pavements or exercise zones, serve as unobtrusive energy harvesters. By utilizing series-parallel connections of piezoelectric transducers, the system maximizes energy extraction efficiency. This approach stands out for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness compared to other methods like electromagnetic generators, offering a promising solution for decentralized power generation. Through the integration of sensors such as rack and pinion, generators, rectifiers, batteries, voltage regulators, and filters, the footstep power generator system ensures smooth energy conversion and storage, enabling the provision of electricity to rural areas and promoting non-conventional energy sources. The system's adaptability to various terrains and its ability to operate independently of climate conditions further underscore its potential as a sustainable energy solution. Keywords: piezoelectric transducers, footstep energy harvesting, sustainable power generation, decentralized energy, renewable energy, kinetic energy conversion, energy harvesting tiles, series-parallel connection, sensor integration, rural electrification.

Augmented total theatre: shaping the future of immersive augmented reality representations

Abstract This work introduces Augmented Total Theatre (ATT), a new theatrical form that combines Total Theatre with Augmented Reality (AR) to transform theatrical experiences. We first explore ATT features, highlighting its capabilities in creating theatrical representations that surpass traditional theatre. We also examine current technological limitations that hinder the deployment of ATT potential. We venture then into a journey into the future, particularly focusing on the next decade. We try to envisage the evolution of AR and assess whether future advancements will yield a form of AR capable of creating digital worlds that can deceive human senses. Additionally, we explore the role of Generative AI systems in addressing the problems that hold back the current ATT. Specifically, we probe the feasibility of a cost-effective, autonomous, and highly efficient generative AI system to reshape and empower ATT, making it capable of real-time production of (theatrical and non-theatrical) representations of many events in the world. Finally, we try to imagine the ATT of the future: a sophisticated device that integrates cutting-edge AR technology with a super-performing generative AI system. This ATT, transcending its theatrical origins, emerges as a powerful tool for augmenting our sensory experiences and enriching our perception of reality.

A novel strategy of inserting radiation shields to enhance the performance of thermoelectric generator systems for industrial high-temperature heat recovery

Static thermoelectric generator (TEG) systems have been widely used for recovering the high-temperature heat from the industrial sector. To control the heat loss through the gap uncovered by the thermoelectric legs for system performance improvement, a novel strategy of inserting the radiation shields in the gap that introduced additional surface and spacing resistances and regulated the gap radiation loss, was proposed. With a constructed high-fidelity theoretical model which used the finite element method to consider the temperature-dependent properties of the thermoelectric materials, comprehensive comparisons were conducted between the systems with/without radiation shields and using three commonly adopted strategies to evaluate the effectiveness and potential of this strategy. Compared to the base case without radiation shields, inserting one radiation shield with an emissivity of 0.5 enhances the TEG efficiency and system power by 15 % and 9.5 % respectively. The system using the proposed strategy outperforms that using the commonly adopted strategies, especially the strategies of lowering the gap pressure and filling the gap with thermal insulation materials, highlighting the potential of the proposed strategy. Besides, the influences of the shield emissivity and number were studied; from it, less than two radiation shields made by the polished copper are recommended for practical applications.

Leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence to Broaden Participation in Computer Science

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) was incorporated into a competitive programming event that targeted undergraduate students, including those with little programming experience. The competition incorporated a range of challenge design approaches that promoted meaningful interaction with generative AI system, even while keeping the challenge difficulty level to an appropriate level. An analysis of survey responses and competition data showed that this format lowered barriers to participation, successfully engaged students throughout the competition, and increased the likelihood that they would participate in a similar event. In an extension of this work, a professional development workshop for high school teachers is being developed, along with a contest for high school students. Participant surveys and logs of interaction with the contest and generative AI systems will be analyzed to measure the effect of generative AI on student self-efficacy and suggest ways to integrate generative AI instruction into computer science curriculum.

Recombination of stable sampling sets and stable interpolation sets in functional quasinormed spaces

This contribution is aimed in obtaining new results in combining stable sampling sets (respectively, stable interpolation sets) of a given quasinormed space in order to obtain other new ones. We apply these results to Paley-Wiener spaces and. In addition, we study the problem of obtaining a generator system of a given quasinormed space, and obtain conditions for a finite product of subsets of a given quasinormed space to be a generator system, using the interpolation and sampling theory for quasinormed spaces of functions.

Demonstration of a thermoelectric generator system for low-temperature heat harvesting in fuel cell

During the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), about half of the energy is dissipated as heat. To enhance the energy efficiency of fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), we hereby propose a waste heat recovery system for low-temperature energy harvesting of FCEV. A comprehensive fluid-thermal-electrical multiphysics model is established to predict the performance of the proposed thermoelectric generator (TEG) system. Subsequently, a practical prototype of TEG system is developed. Transientand steady-state experimental results from the prototype validated the feasibility and power generation efficiency of the TEG system. At a temperature difference of 40°C, the highest open circuit voltage and power output of each TEG are 6.2V and 0.33W respectively, the results affirmatively demonstrate that the TEG system can recover the low temperature waste heat from PEMFC, thus providing valuable guidance for the design of the future PEMFC thermal management system in FCEV.

Practical applications of advanced cloud services and generative AI systems in medical image analysis

The medical field is one of the important fields in the application of artificial intelligence technology. With the explosive growth and diversification of medical data, as well as the continuous improvement of medical needs and challenges, artificial intelligence technology is playing an increasingly important role in the medical field. Artificial intelligence technologies represented by computer vision, natural language processing, and machine learning have been widely penetrated into diverse scenarios such as medical imaging, health management, medical information, and drug research and development, and have become an important driving force for improving the level and quality of medical services. The article explores the transformative potential of generative AI in medical imaging, emphasizing its ability to generate synthetic data, enhance images, aid in anomaly detection, and facilitate image-to-image translation. Despite challenges like model complexity, the applications of generative models in healthcare, including Med-PaLM 2 technology, show promising results. By addressing limitations in dataset size and diversity, these models contribute to more accurate diagnoses and improved patient outcomes. However, ethical considerations and collaboration among stakeholders are essential for responsible implementation. Through experiments leveraging GANs to augment brain tumor MRI datasets, the study demonstrates how generative AI can enhance image quality and diversity, ultimately advancing medical diagnostics and patient care.