Generation In Korea Research Articles

국내외 해양생명공학 산업시장의 장기예측 및 함의

The marine biotechnology industry is very significant as compared to other industries as one of the driving forces for economic growth in the next generation in Korea. However, the marine biotechnology market has been considered as a component of the biotechnology industry market which made difficult for creating separate research areas in relation to the scope of the relevant industry market as well as making it difficult to establish its own R&D policy strategies. Accordingly, this study was executed to estimate the future long-term market value of the marine biotechnology within the limit of industrial field and to verify the importance of national R&D investment in marine biotechnology on the basis of estimations within the industrial perspective. To this end, we classified the marine biotechnology industry into the four sub-sectors and estimated the domestic and global industrial market in 2010 and 2024. According to the results, the domestic and global market of the marine biotechnology industry will see a remarkable growth by 2024. In particular, the bio-energy, pharmaceutical and functional foods industry markets will achieve astonishing advances. On the basis of the analysis results, Korea has to establish more progressive and aggressive R&D investment strategies to strengthen national competitiveness through the marine biotechnology industry.

델파이 활용 신재생 에너지 수요예측과 장기전원 구성의 경제성 평가

We address the power generation mix problem that considers not only nuclear and fossil fuels such as oil, coal and LNG but also renewable energy technologies. Unlike nuclear or other generation technologies, the expansion plan of renewable energy is highly uncertain because of its dependency on the government policy and uncertainty associated with technology improvements. To address this issue, we conduct a delphi survey and forecast the capacity of renewable energy. We further propose a stochastic mixed integer programming model that determines an optimal capacity expansion and the amount of power generation using each generation technology. Using the proposed model, we test eight generation mix scenarios and particularly evaluate how much the expansion of renewable energy contributes to the total costs for power generation in Korea. The evaluation results show that the use of renewable energy incurs additional costs.

Energy efficiency, CO2 emission performance and technology gaps in fossil fuel electricity generation in Korea: A meta-frontier non-radial directional distance functionanalysis

This paper proposes a meta-frontier non-radial directional distance function to model energy and CO2 emission performance in electricity generation. This approach allows for the consideration of the group heterogeneity of electricity generation, non-radial slacks, and undesirable outputs simultaneously. We extend several standardized indices to measure total-factor energy efficiency, CO2 emission performance, and technology gaps in electricity generation. We estimate the potential reductions in energy use and CO2 emissions under different technology assumptions. We conduct an empirical analysis of fossil fuel electricity generation in Korea by using the proposed approach. The results indicate that coal-fired power plants show higher levels of total-factor energy efficiency and CO2 emission performance than oil-fired ones. Under the meta-frontier technology assumption, coal-fired power plants show a smaller technology gap than oil-fired ones. This suggests that the Korean government should promote technological innovation to reduce technology gaps for oil-fired plants, thereby improving energy and CO2 emission performance and meeting emission reduction targets in the electricity generation industry.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korea: Results from KNHANES 2010 to 2011

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is becoming an epidemic and thereby a global health problem. Further, VDD adversely affects calcium metabolism and skeletal health, and is associated with increased risk of several diseases, e.g., autoimmune diseases, several types of cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, asthma, psoriatic arthritis, and etc. To evaluate the prevalence of VDD in Korea, and then to evaluate the association of several factors with serum 25(OH)D level, the author analyzed the data of 14,456 individuals who were 10 years of age and over from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1 & 2 (KNHANES V-1 & 2) conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. As a result, among Koreans (age ? 10years), 65.9% of males and 77.7% of females were below optimum blood serum 25(OH)D (20 ng/mL). VDD is more severe in female than in male at all age groups. In addition, the younger generations had less 25(OH)D level than older generations in Korea. The analysis by complex sample general linear model (CSGLM) suggested that blood 25(OH)D concentration was related with gender (p ＜ .001), residence (p = .030), occupation (p ＜ .001), anemia (p ＜ .001) and physical activity (p ＜ .001). In conclusion, VDD is pandemic and it is more severe in younger generations in Korea. Further, from the results by CSGLM, serum 25(OH)D status is closely related with the life style of Koreans.

A Study on the Development of Intelligent Contents and Interactive Storytelling System

The development of information technology introduced digital contents and Social Network Services(SNS), and allowed virtual transaction and communication between users called the experience knowledge advanced from the objective knowledge. This paper will analyze interactive storytelling system creating different types of stories on narrative genre about family history, personal history and so on. Through analysis on narrative interviews, direct observations, documentations and visual records, contents about CEO story, corporate story, family story and especially family history will be categorized into sampleDB and informationDB. Accumulated contents will allow user to increase value and usage of contents through interactive storytelling system by restructuring contents on family history. This research has developed writing tool data model using different digital contents such as texts, images and pictures to encourage open communications between first generations and third generations in Korea. Furthermore, researched about connected system on interactive storytelling creation device using various genre of family story that has been data based.

초초임계압(USC) 화력발전기술 개발

화력발전은 지구온난화의 주범으로 인식되고 있지만, 산업화와 지속적인 국가경제성장에 의한 전력소요 증가는 에너지사용을 증대시켜 에너지 자원의 부족을 초래하고 환경오염물질의 과다배출로 지구환경문제를 유발하고 있다. 에너지원의 확보를 위한 국가와 지역간 경쟁이 심화되어 새로운 갈등의 원인이 되고 있으며, 지구온난화와 에너지 문제를 해결하기 위해 교토의정서 등 기후변화 협약이 체결되고 화석에너지에 재생에너지로의 에너지원의 전환과 다양화가 추진되고 있지만, 각국의 이해관계와 기술부족으로 완벽한 해결책을 제시하지 못하는 상황이다. 에너지 부족을 해소하고 CO₂ 배출량을 저감할 수 있는 가장 효과적인 방안으로 기존 화력발전 효율을 향상시킨 고효율 발전과 Near Zero Emission 수준의 저공해 기술이 결합된 고효율 석탄화력발전시스템을 개발현황을 논하고자 한다.

Guest Editorial: Electroanalysis and Bioelectroanalysis in South Korea

The Republic of Korea, widely called South Korea, started its modern history from the end of World War II. Going through the tragic war between the two Koreas in 1950–1953, South Korea has been growing to be one of the major powers in East Asia and a main figure in world economy. It is leading a variety of manufactures in the world such as cutting-edge electronic goods, ships, automobiles, petrochemicals and steel. Its long-term economic plans are now fuelled by scientific R&D programs, which are generously funded by both the private sectors and the government. They are all about building platforms for core technologies that hold not only scientific novelty but also commercial potential, ranging from biomedicine to next-generation semiconductors and energy storage/conversion. The fruits of the intensive investment over the past decades are already apparent: the volume of scientific publications by South Korean researchers is now progressing faster than in any other industrialized nation except China and India. Electroanalytical chemistry in South Korea has been playing a significant role in establishing the current Korean scientific community and industrial advancement. The electroanalytical chemists of the first generation in Korea were mostly educated abroad about half a century ago and they came back home to lay the foundations of academic and industrial societies. Since then the domestic community of electroanalytical chemistry kept growing, and as passing 1990s the systematic support from the government accelerated high level education as well as advance in fundamental and applied research in this field. Now the higher education system in South Korea is upbringing its own high quality manpower, and some of them are already acting as pivotal figures. In this regard, the topical cluster of articles from South Korea in Electroanalysis delivers a special message to the worldwide electroanalytical community, reminding of where the research in South Korea is. This cluster of articles covers a wide spectrum of research topics in electroanalysis from electrochemical sensors to characterization of energy conversion systems. The authors, who contributed their own invaluable papers, are all talented researchers including new starters as well as mainstays in terms of their research careers. Deeply thanking all of the contributors to this issue, I, on behalf of the Korean electroanalysts, appreciate the Editorial Board members, especially Joe and I-Ming, for their graceful suggestion and care. I believe we will be enjoying the steady steps forward to a better future in the electroanalytical society strongly supported by enthusiastic participation of Korean workers. 1 Taek Dong Chung (Guest Editor)

Vitamin D Insufficiency in Korea—A Greater Threat to Younger Generation: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008

Vitamin D status in the Korean population has not been adequately determined. To investigate the vitamin D status and the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in the Korean population, and also identify the predictors for vitamin D insufficiency in Korea. The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV) in the Korean population conducted in 2008. 3,047 males and 3,878 females aged 10 years and older selected in all the 16 administrative districts of South Korea. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency defined as serum 25(OH)D level of less than 20 ng/ml. Vitamin D insufficiency was found in 47.3% of males and 64.5% of females, whereas only 13.2% of male and 6.7% of female population had a serum 25(OH)D level of greater than 30 ng/ml. Vitamin D insufficiency was most prevalent in the age of 20-29, with a rate of 65.0% in males and 79.9% in females, and least prevalent in the age of 60-69 in males and 50-59 in females. Those who work usually indoors were more predisposed to vitamin D insufficiency. In the adult population, predictors for vitamin D insufficiency included young age groups, spring and winter seasons, living in an urban area, and indoor occupations. Vitamin D insufficiency is very common, and it is now a greater threat to the younger generation in Korea. Current recommendations for vitamin D intakes for Koreans are inadequate, especially for the youth.

Historical awareness of the post-war generation in Korea and national and social responsibility

Abstract A survey on the postwar generation of Korea clearly reveals two facts. One is that the Korean War is becoming a “forgotten war” among Koreans, and the other is that the perception gaps regarding the issues of the war, homeland, national security, and unification among the generations are increasing. Both changes have been brought about by the lapse of a period of 60 years. It is natural that memories of the war fade away with the passage of two biological generations. Also, the generational gaps may be seen as inevitable in light of the condensed transformation of Korean society since 1945. Yet, the generations should be integrated at an optimal level if the wounds of the war are to be healed and a unified nation state is to be built and maintained. For such national imperatives, there should be a new understanding of the Korean War, especially on its characteristics and consequences, and a new cognitive paradigm shared by all generations in order to enhance awareness of war, national security, and unification. In order to fulfill these two overarching tasks, multifaceted efforts are needed to promote open communication among the generations and provide balanced knowledge and in-depth history education.

The 20 January 2007 ML 4.8 Odaesan Earthquake and Its Implications for Regional Tectonics in Korea

A moderate-sized earthquake ( M L 4.8) occurred in the mideast Korea Peninsula on 20 January 2007. It was the largest inland earthquake to occur there since the inception of a modern seismic observation system. Although only four aftershocks were noticed in previous studies, a careful review of continuous data revealed that the main event was accompanied by at least 74 micro foreshocks and aftershocks. A subset of 25 events was selected for further analysis to determine precise earthquake locations, focal mechanism solutions, and the current status of regional tectonic stress, as well as to answer questions raised about the sequence. Earthquake hypocenters were seen to be more clustered after the HypoDD relocation. A source radius of 1 km for the main event was estimated based on the distribution of precisely determined aftershock locations. Focal mechanism solutions of larger events in the sequence suggest either a left-lateral strike-slip fault trending west-northwest–east-southeast or a right-lateral strike-slip fault trending north-northeast–south-southwest as the responsible structure. Although the Woljeongsa fault striking north-northeast–south-southwest in the local geological map matches one of the proposed trends, precise earthquake relocation results gave a contradictory result, showing that a previously unknown west-northwest–east-southeast striking fault was responsible for the earthquake sequence. We also observed an unusual lack of large-magnitude aftershocks, a relatively large stress drop during the main event, and no previous earthquake record in the region. Observations made in the study consistently indicate the sequence nucleated along a less-developed fault. Focal mechanism solutions suggest the current status of tectonic stress governing earthquake generation in Korea is east-northeast–west-southwest compression and north-northwest–south-southeast extension.

녹색일자리 국제현황 비교와 한국 녹색뉴딜정책 분석에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study has an objective, while the countries all over the world have strengthened the competition for the Green Growth and Green Job generation, on narrowing the gap with developed countries leveraging this new paradigm and suggesting the action plan for sustainable growth via domestic Green Job generation. This study was tried to explain about the international status of Green Job generation by types and sectors which is the current interest of global community, and to carry out the diversified analyses of how the current Green Jobs of the developed countries are formulated. Through the international status of Green Jobs, this study examines the progress of direction regarding Green Job generation by project types, which is the main policy project of current Korean Government as well as the key issue of our society, and also forecast the growth possibility systemically. As the Green Investment was rapidly increased for alternative energy development and energy efficiency improvement in order to respond to the environmental issues, the number of employees engaging in Green Jobs of an environment-friendly sector is expected to increase strikingly in the future. However, the extensive change of the current industrial infrastructure is strongly required and it would be the essential factor for the sustainable development of Green Job generation to secure the reasonableness of wage level and the development opportunities. Also, even if Green Jobs have been developed in various ways according to the characteristics of the countries, the role of private enterprises as well as governmental authorities such as the central or local governments can be regarded as important in order to succeed in Green Job generation in Korea since they are working as one single economic principle piercing economy over a particular sector or regulation. First, in case of private enterprises, they are the main body for most of the projects such as revitalization of the four main rivers, Green traffic network and so forth, other than public services or R&D sectors. For enterprises, Green New Deal project should be focused to find business opportunities for an environment sector and it is also required to develop environment-friendly new technology and method of construction including transition of wastes into energy and new renewable energy. Government should prepare incentive policies such as tax benefit, system improvement for stimulating Green Job generation of enterprises while keeping the policy consistency, and find some devices for enterprises who participate into Green New Deal project to earn benefit reducing a part of the social insurance as incentive for Green Job generation. In addition, financial support plans like a long-term low interest loan should be set up for the activation of investment to Green home or Green building. Lastly, this study points out that we need more powerful, consistent, and stable policy and governmental leadership in order to realize Green Job vision and recommends several policies as follows; That is, government should execute monitering plan regarding the valuation of Green Job potential and development status and broaden investment and financial support on Green Job and clean development. Green job generation via Green Growth can broaden the scope when consumption is regarded as well as production according to the technological change. Expansion of Green consumption is recommended to be executed as a nationwide campaign since it can motivate the development of new technologies and development of equipment industries which will lead to increase employment in a production sector surpassing the size of employment induction by input-output effect.

The Differences and its Determinants in the Perception on Old-Age Support across Generations in Korea

The Differences and its Determinants in the Perception on Old-Age Support across Generations in Korea

Tritium production, recovery and application in Korea

Four CANDU reactors have been operating at the site of Wolsong Nuclear Power Generation in Korea. The Wolsong tritium removal facility was constructed to reduce the tritium levels in heavy water systems. This facility was designed to process 100 kg/h of tritiated heavy water feed and to produce 99% pure T 2. This recovered tritium will be made available for commercial applications. The initial phases on the tritium applications are made to establish the infrastructure and the tritium controls.

The Formation and Differentiation of Post-Conventional Generations in Korea A Search for the Agency of Social Change

The Formation and Differentiation of Post-Conventional Generations in Korea A Search for the Agency of Social Change

Implication of CO 2 capture technologies options in electricity generation in Korea

This paper estimates the future mitigation potential and costs of CO 2 reduction technology options to the electricity generation facility in Korea. The monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption, membrane separation, pressure swing adsorption, and O 2/CO 2 input system were selected as the representative CO 2 reduction technology options. In order to analyze the mitigation potential and cost of these options, it uses the long-range energy alternative planning (LEAP) framework for setting future scenarios and assessing the technology options implication. The baseline case of energy planning scenario in Korea is determined in a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. A BAU scenario is composed of the current account (2003) and future projections for 20 years. Alternative scenarios mainly deal with the installation planning options of CO 2 reduction technology (exogenous capacity, planning time, and existing electric plants). In each alternative scenario analysis, an alternation trend of existing electricity generation facilities was analyzed and the cost of installed CO 2 reduction plants and CO 2 reduction potential was assessed quantitatively.

Standardization of method for the analysis of dextromethorphan in urine

Dextromethorphan (DMP), an antitussive, is one of the most popular drugs among the younger generation in Korea. It usually is taken for its hallucinogenic properties and overdoses have been responsible for the fatalities that have been reported frequently. To control the abuse of DMP, the authorities restricted its use through classifying it as a controlled drug on October 2003. The purpose of this study is to provide a standard method for the analysis of DMP and its main metabolite, dextrorphan (DTP) in biological specimens. At first we established a standard operating procedure (SOP) for DMP/DTP in urine, and a method validation was performed. We also quantified DMP from 16 drug abuser's urine samples all of which were positive in the screening test for DMP. For the detection of DMP/DTP, urine samples were adjusted with 6N NaOH (pH 11) and extracted with ethylacetate. Thin layer chromatography was used as the screening test, and the final identification for DMP/DTP was used by GC/MS. The ions ( m/ z 271 for DMP, m/ z 257 for DTP and m/ z 86 for lidocaine as internal standard) were extracted from the full scan mass spectrum and were used for quantification. The selectivity, linearity of calibration, accuracy, within- and between day precision, limit of detection and quantification, recovery and stability were examined as parts of the method validation. Extracted calibration curves were linear from 100 to 2000 ng/mL for DMP and DTP with correlation coefficients better than 0.999. Limit detection was 50 ng/mL for DMP and DTP. Within-run precision (%CV) for DMP and DTP at three different concentrations (100, 500 and 1000 ng/mL) was 6.10–18.85%, and between-run precision was 1.70–7.86% for DMP and DTP. Absolute recovery for DMP and DTP was 57–74%, and relative recovery (extraction efficiency) was 80–89%. For 16 drug abuser's urine samples, the concentrations of DMP and DTP were 0.16–52.63 and 0.41–23.75 μg/mL, respectively. Method validation is an important requirement in the practice of chemical analysis, and it will be particularly useful in verifying the reliability of analytical results in the field of forensic science.

05/02466 Environmental and economic assessment of landfill gas electricity generation in Korea using LEAP model

05/02466 Environmental and economic assessment of landfill gas electricity generation in Korea using LEAP model

Environmental and economic assessment of landfill gas electricity generation in Korea using LEAP model

As a measure to establish a climate-friendly energy system, Korean government has proposed to expand landfill gas (LFG) electricity generation capacity. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of LFG electricity generation on the energy market, the cost of generating electricity and greenhouse gases emissions in Korea using a computer-based software tool called ‘Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system’ (LEAP) and the associated ‘Technology and Environmental Database’. In order to compare LFG electricity generation with existing other generating facilities, business as usual scenario of existing power plants was surveyed, and then alternative scenario investigations were performed using LEAP model. Different alternative scenarios were considered, namely the base case with existing electricity facilities, technological improvement of gas engine and LFG maximum utilization potential with different options of gas engine (GE), gas turbine (GT), and steam turbine (ST). In the technological improvement scenario, there will be 2.86 GWh or more increase in electricity output, decrease of 45 million won (Exchange rate (1$=1200 won)). in costs, and increase of 10.3 thousand ton of CO 2 in global warming potentials due to same period (5 year) of technological improvement. In the maximum utilization potential scenario, LFG electricity generation technology is substituted for coal steam, nuclear, and combined cycle process. Annual cost per electricity product of LFG electricity facilities (GE 58MW, GT 53.5MW, and ST 54.5MW) are 45.1, 34.3, and 24.4 won/kWh, and steam turbine process is cost-saving. LFG-utilization with other forms of energy utilization reduces global warming potential by maximum 75% with compared to spontaneous emission of CH 4. LFG electricity generation would be the good solution for CO 2 displacement over the medium term and additional energy profits.

The Status of Power Quality and/or Distributed Generation Projects in Korea: Establishment of Grid Interconnection Standards

National and/or utility grid interconnection standards for interconnecting nonutility distributed generation systems with local utility grid will be essential to their beneficial utilization. In this paper, some activities with respect to establishment of grid interconnection standards of distributed generation in Korea are introduce.

Evaluation of the national nuclear energy R&D projects in Korea: multi-attribute utility analysis

The Korean government has selected nuclear energy as the major source of electricity generation in Korea because of the lack of domestic energy resources. Thus, nuclear energy has become an increasingly vital part of resources for national development. The national nuclear energy R&D projects have been implemented for ensuring a safe and stable supply of nuclear energy in Korea since 1992. Evaluation of the national nuclear energy R&D projects has critical importance in the aspect of nuclear energy management. This paper employs multi-attribute utility analysis as a basis for obtaining an index to evaluate the national nuclear energy R&D projects using a specific case study of Korea. To structure and quantify basic values for the evaluation, we elicited important attributes, then refined and structured them into a hierarchy. A multi-attribute index is constructed as a multi-attribute utility function, based on value judgments provided by a group of technical researchers, policy analysts, faculties, and government officers. The implications of the results are also discussed. We found that the work and results of this study can provide valuable insights and decision opportunities for virtually all major decision-making in assessment of the national nuclear energy R&D projects in Korea.