General Office Research Articles

Urgency of Establishing Qanun on the Functional Duties of the High Prosecutor's Office in Aceh Province

The success and sustainability of the implementation of Islamic Shari'a in Aceh is not only the burden of local law enforcement agencies such as Wilayatul Hisbah, the Syar'iyah Court and the Islamic Shari'a Office, law enforcement agencies on a national scale are also involved such as the Indonesian National Police through the Aceh Regional Police and the Attorney General's Office in Aceh Province in charge of transferring Jinayat (Islamic criminal law) cases to the Syar'iyah Court. However, this task of the prosecutor's office is considered by the researcher to need improvement because the role of the prosecutor's office is responsible for the delegation of cases to 2 (two) different courts. Of course, this improvement is needed through Qanun which has legitimacy as a regional regulation in the Indonesian legal system. Based on this description, this research is a typology of normative (legal) research. The results and discussion in this study conclude: First, the area of Islamic shari'a law enforcement has a synchronization between Law Number 1 of 2021 concerning the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia with the Aceh Qanun in the enforcement of Islamic shari'a in Aceh. The presence of Islamic law enforcement agencies in Aceh does not mean that the task of enforcing Islamic law is only government agencies. Second, the Urgency of the establishment of Qanun Aceh Prosecutor's Functional Duty is a social condition that requires improvement in the enforcement of Islamic shari'a in Aceh

The Nature of the Role of the Prosecutor's Office in Preventing Corruption in Maluku Province

Objective: The aim is to emphasize the vital role of grassroots development, especially in villages, in bolstering the local economy and fueling national economic progress. This is supported by the third nawacita program, which prioritizes regional and village development within Indonesia's unitary state structure. Law Number 11 of 2021 clarifies prosecutorial functions, empowering the Attorney General to recover assets from criminal activities and allocate them appropriately. Theoretical framework: Law Number 11 of 2021 amends Indonesia's prosecutorial system, granting prosecutors autonomy and authority to recover assets from criminal activities. Concurrently, the management of village funds, governed by the Village Law, faces corruption challenges, prompting the Maluku High Prosecutor's Office to implement preventive measures like the CIA system. This study aims to evaluate the office's efforts in combating corruption in village funds, recognizing Indonesia's development starts at the grassroots to bolster the national economy. Method: Empirical sociological (field) research that examines the reality of law in society, focusing on the gap between expectations and reality in the legal field. Meanwhile, normative research examines norms, principles, theories and comparative law. The author combines these two types of research in this study, with a qualitative approach. Results and conclusion: Prosecutors in Maluku Province play a role in corruption prevention by carrying out a range of actions under the law, including investigation, prosecution and execution of court decisions. They also form government safeguarding teams, provide supervision, and implement programs such as Jaksa Masuk Desa. Prosecutors receive complaints from the public as part of their commitment to curbing corruption. Factors such as legal knowledge, legal awareness, community culture, and the substance of the law influence the AGO's role in corruption prevention efforts in Maluku. Originality/value: This research is expected to contribute thoughts and considerations for the Attorney General's Office, especially in the Maluku High Prosecutor's Office, regarding its role in preventing criminal acts of corruption in the management of village funds in Maluku Province.

Legal Policy of the Establishment of Deputy Attorney General for Military Affairs in the Structure of the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia

Legal Policy of the Establishment of Deputy Attorney General for Military Affairs in the Structure of the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia

Quality of construction products available on the Polish market on 2016-2020

The quality of construction products and compliance with their declared performance is of key importance for the safety and health of users of construction works. In extreme cases, defects in building materials can lead to a construction disaster. In order to assess what is the quality of construction products available on the Polish market over the period 2016-2020, the measurement results available on the website of the General Office of Building Supervision (GUNB) were analyzed. The paper presents 13 groups of construction products divided into two sets. The results of the analysis show that there are still construction products on the market that do not meet the declared requirements. In 2020, 44% of thermal insulation products and 38% of membranes did not meet at least one tested property. The quality of construction adhesives, flooring and flooring products is average (in adopted scale of assessment). Due to too few samples/tests, it is difficult to draw clear conclusions for doors, windows and bonded products and aggregates. In all of these product groups, the number of tests performed annually should be increased.

PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP KASUS KORUPSI PT. TIMAH SEBAGAI BENTUK POTRET BURUK TATA KELOLA SEKTOR EKSTRAKTIF

Corruption is one of the social diseases that is the same as other types of crimes such as theft. The problem is that corruption is increasing along with the progress of prosperity and technology. As happened in the case of the tin corruption crime committed by Harvey Mois, where the nominal state loss was also not small, estimated at IDR 271 trillion. This research method uses a normative legal research type, a legal research method carried out by examining library materials or secondary data. This case is suspected to have occurred in the period 2015-2020. Harvey Mois has an important role in this case, namely as an intermediary for other perpetrators. In this case, he became a representative of PT Refined Bangka Tin (RBT) in a case with PT Timah regarding illegal mining activities in the IUP Persero area. The articles charged to the suspect are Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 in conjunction with Article 18 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 31 of 1999 as amended and supplemented by Law Number 20 of 2001 in conjunction with Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 31 of 1999 concerning Amendments to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption in conjunction with Article 55 paragraph (1) ke-1 of the Criminal Code. The 'mass' corruption case resulted in environmental losses of up to Rp 271,069,688,018,700 or Rp 271 trillion, and a total of 16 suspects have been detained by the Attorney General's Office.

Enhancing diverse representation in clinical studies: Recommendations from external subject matter experts (SMEs) and patients to optimize protocols, informed consent and study designs.

e23004 Background: Well-characterized disparities in clinical research have disproportionately affected patients of color, particularly in underserved communities. To tackle these barriers, the Roche-Genentech U.S. Advancing Inclusive Research Site Alliance solicited feedback from external SMEs about recommendations for strategies and tactics to increase Black, Hispanic/Latinx and older adult patient clinical research participation. Methods: Feedback was received virtually and via 1:1 interviews from 13 external SMEs defined as investigators, study coordinators or other clinical research roles that engage directly with patients regarding a Phase III small-cell lung cancer protocol as a use case. Two patients provided recommendations for future clinical study protocols and designs. Additionally, multiple healthcare providers from International Society of Geriatric Oncology provided recommendations for the inclusion of older adults in study protocols. A cross-functional, pan-Roche-Genentech team reviewed the feedback and finalized all materials. Results: Six key themes emerged: (a) use lay terms and humanizing language in patient materials; (b) integrate patient lifestyle realities by allowing flexibility in protocol inclusion/exclusion criteria; (c) improve the ease of patient participation and seek only what is clinically necessary for study assessment; (d) incorporate options for sites to enable them to make the right, and fastest, decision(s) for patients without sacrificing safety or data quality; (e) show commitment to diversity in words and actions such as including target enrollment goals in protocols and incorporating patient input on protocols before protocol finalization; (f) include older patients > 70 years. Patient feedback reinforced the SME themes, except for inclusion of older patients. Patients suggested efficiency, clarity and local community realities be factored into future study designs. Some examples are fewer clinic visits, remote visit options, providing patient transportation and food support in connection with protocol-required visits. Patients also highlighted the importance of explaining the probability of side-effects, clinics being present in the community and the need for greater education and awareness regarding barriers to clinical trial enrollment. One patient relayed the importance of early trial education through general physician offices before a trial is actually needed for a given patient. Conclusions: These SME recommendations provide actionable insights to inform protocol design and patient recruitment strategy and tactics to enhance future protocols from an inclusivity-specific lens. Study teams can use these recommendations to address barriers that make enrollment/retention by underrepresented patient populations difficult.

DISADVANTAGES OF USING FORENSIC TECHNIQUES IN THE SYSTEM OF COUNTERACTION FACTORS TO THE INVESTIGATION

The article states. that the issues of identifying and overcoming opposition to the investigation have attracted and continue to attract the attention of scientists who have devoted a significant amount of work to the study of relevant problems. The materials of the analysis of investigative practice also indicate the existence and necessity of their solution. Opposition to the investigation is carried out by various actors and in various forms. However, its occurrence is often caused by the inaction of investigators and interrogators. superficially carrying out checks on crime reports. They do not ensure the collection and use of necessary legal and forensic means in establishing their signs, allowing the loss of important information and various objects - carriers of search and evidentiary information, which entails the impossibility of filling in these shortcomings. They are equally obliged to carefully comply with the provisions of the criminal Procedure law on the conduct of investigative and other procedural actions after the initiation of a criminal case, and to make maximum use of the recommendations of private forensic methods for investigating certain types of crimes to ensure comprehensiveness. the completeness and objectivity of their activities, thereby neutralizing attempts to counteract it. According to the author, the organizational and administrative documents of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation and the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation should focus the attention of investigators more. heads of investigative agencies. Prosecutors are not only responsible for studying them. but also to make full use of private forensic techniques. Reinforcement can ensure: a) more thorough compliance by investigators. investigators of procedural and criminalistic discipline at all stages of pre-trial criminal proceedings; b) a more competent and demanding approach by the heads of investigative bodies, bodies of inquiry, employees of procedural control units of procedural control units. prosecutors to step-by-step analysis and evaluation of materials of pre-trial proceedings; c) prevention and overcoming of obstacles to the investigation caused by its conduct.

The Ideal Concept of The Selection of The Republic of Indonesia in The Regulation of The Republic of Indonesia

Objective: This study aims to analyze the position of the Prosecutor in Indonesia in the current state administration. Method: With the formal legal method, data on the Prosecutor's Office is comprehensively reviewed. Law Number 16 of 2004 which emphasizes the position of prosecutors as functional officials who are authorized by law to act as public prosecutors and executors of court decisions that have obtained permanent legal force and other powers based on the law. Results and Discussion: The result of this research find that the Prosecutors' Office is one of the pillars of the legal bureaucracy that is inseparable from the demands of the litigating community to carry out their duties more professionally and in favor of the truth. As far as it is remembered, the attorney general's office in history has never felt so degenerated as it is today. Originality/Value: Highlight and sharp criticism from the public, directed at him especially to the attorney general's office, in the near future does not seem to be receding, even though some improvements have been made.

Juridical Analysis of the Role and Position of the Young Attorney General for Military Criminal Affairs in Connection Cases

The Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia carries out state prosecutorial powers as regulated in Law Number 16 of 2004 which has been amended by Law Number 11 of 2021 concerning the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia (UU Prosecutor's Office). The Supreme Prosecutor's position is as the Highest Public Prosecutor (dominus litis). This is also reflected in the Elucidation of Article 57 paragraph (1) of Law Number 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice which explains that the Prosecutor General in carrying out prosecutions within the military justice environment is responsible to the Attorney General as dominus litis. However, in practice, prosecutors often do not report the implementation of the prosecution of military criminal cases they handle to the Attorney General, so that unified implementation of the one-roof prosecution policy (one-roof system) has not been achieved. Reflecting on the various circumstances above, a Junior Attorney General for Military Crimes was formed in the organizational structure of the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on this description, the formulation of the problem studied by the author is: 1) What is the role and position of the Deputy Attorney General for Military Crimes in connectivity cases? 2) What are the implications of the presence of the Deputy Attorney General for Military Crimes in connection cases? The research method used is normative juridical with descriptive research. The data collection technique used is document study as the main data. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that Attorney General for Military Crimes has the role of supporting the Attorney General in carrying out the duties and authority of the Prosecutor's Office in the field of technical coordination of prosecutions carried out by the judiciary and handling connection cases. The presence of Attorney General for Military Crimes has implications for efforts to eradicate issues of disparity and dualism in prosecution as well as striving for effectiveness, efficiency and transparency in the process of handling connectivity cases.

IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI SUKMA SANTRI SEBAGAI WADAH DALAM UPAYA MENDUKUNG PENINGKATAN PENILAIAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI BAGIAN UMUM SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KABUPATEN JOMBANG

In this study the Implementation of the Sukma E-Santri Application in the General Section of the Regional Secretariat of Jombang Regency, that government cannot be separated from the quality of public services as an effort to evaluate the performance that has been provided, therefore this application is implemented which refers to the e-government system to make it easier to provide an assessment of the quality of government performance on services provided to the community and realize quality that is fast, effective, efficient and transparent. This research took place at the General Section Office of the Regional Secretariat of Jombang Regency. Data collection was carried out from the results of observations, the internet, interviews from the Head of the General Section TU Subdivision, employees and the public. The data obtained was then combined, processed and analyzed using qualitative methods. The method in this study refers to the George C Edward III implementation model. Assessment of the quality of public services with this application is a reference so that the services provided are getting better in the future and the community is expected to participate in its implementation. The results of the study state that the application of this application from the George C Edward III policy model from the aspects of communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure has shown good results, it's just that there are some that need to be addressed from the quality of performance provided to the community, then the lack of socialization and assistance to the community so that there are some people who take it for granted, and the implementation of the Sukma E-Santri application has a positive influence on the quality of employee performance. Keywords: Implementation; Public Service; E-Government

Connectivity Case a Juridical Review of the Handling Process before and After the Establishment of the Attorney General in the Military Criminal Field

This Indonesia is a country with a large and diverse population, consisting of many islands and a multitude of cultures and customs. The people of this nation live and operate according to existing norms and regulations, coexisting within their midst, which upholds a high regard for a legal system governing societal order. This is why Indonesia can be referred to as a legal state (rechtsstaat), a notion further solidified by Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, which declares Indonesia as a legal state.There are four systems of justice in Indonesia: general courts, religious courts, military courts, and administrative courts. These systems stand independently, separate from one another, each with its own functions and absolute authority in carrying out its duties. Thus, each system possesses jurisdiction that cannot be interfered with by other judicial systems. However, despite Indonesia's respect for the law, there are also many Indonesians who violate and disregard the laws in place, acting arbitrarily and without adherence to regulations and existing laws. This is evidenced by the numerous cases that occur, with perpetrators not only being ordinary citizens but sometimes also engaging in criminal acts alongside military personnel, commonly known as the TNI or the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The fact that TNI members exist and live among the civilian population, with their special status, combined with the drive to improve their standard of living or economic motives, leads many of them to engage in criminal activities with civilians, whether as perpetrators, accomplices, or assistants. In several cases involving both TNI members and civilians, they encounter difficulties in their handling. In connection with the above, to enhance the effectiveness of handling connectivity cases (involving perpetrators from both the TNI and civilians), a special institution/organization was established within the Indonesian Attorney General's Office, namely the Deputy Attorney General for Military Crime Affairs.

Relative and Temporal Efficacy of the First and Second Covid 19 Booster Vaccine (3rd And 4th Dose) to Prevent Symptomatic Infection from December 2021 to October 2023 in a General Medicine Office in Toledo (Spain)

Background: The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing serious infection and death is established, but their protection against infection is less certain. Additionally, their effectiveness diminishes over time. Furthermore, the evolution of the effectiveness of different booster doses of the vaccine against COVID-19, to prevent symptomatic infection in real life during the pandemic and the subsequent endemic, is not clearly documented. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the 3rd and 4th vaccine boosters against COVID-19 in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 infection during both the pandemic and the subsequent endemic phase. Methodology: A comparative secondary analysis of the vaccine’s effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 infection (calculated as: 1 – (COVID-19 cases with vaccine doses / COVID-19 cases without vaccine dose) × 100) based on a prospective study from December 2021 to October 2023 in a general medicine office was conducted. The first booster dose was administered with monovalent mRNA vaccines, and the second booster with bivalent mRNA vaccines. Results: From December 2021 to February 2022, the effectiveness of the primer vaccine booster was 60% when administered >= 15 days versus <15 days before infection, and 36% when administered >= 29 days versus < 29 days before infection. From October 2022 to February 2023, the effectiveness of the vaccine’s 4th dose was 84%. From October 2022 to October 2023, the effectiveness of the 4th dose of bivalent mRNA vaccine in preventing reinfections was 30%. Conclusion: In the general practice setting in Toledo, Spain, the effectiveness of the first booster with mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 primary infection and symptomatic COVID-19 waned over time, but protection remained high with the second bivalent booster. However, the booster vaccine’s effectiveness is more modest in preventing symptomatic reinfections. Overall, completing the booster vaccination is worthwhile.

Social Work Services – An Effective Intervention in Dealing with Problems of Families having Children with Autism

Social Work Services – An Effective Intervention in Dealing with Problems of Families having Children with Autism

Strategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Melalui Agrowisata di Kabupaten Banyumas

Cikidang Village is located in Cilongok Sub-district, Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province. Cikidang Village is the smallest village that attracts attention because it is located along the Purwokerto -Ajibarang provincial road and is dominated by agricultural land. The Cikidang Village Government has a short-term plan to explore the village's potential which includes natural resources, economic assets, social and cultural heritage, and human resources through the development of community-based agritourism. The medium-term plan for Cikidang Village is set out in the draft RPJMDES 2020-2025. This qualitative research involved field observations, interviews and documentation. Key informants in this research include the Village Head, Village Secretary, and General Affairs Officer of the Cikidang Village Government, as well as other stakeholders such as the Head of Bumdes, Head of Farmer Groups, Local Entrepreneurs, Community Leaders, and external parties including the Banyumas Regency Youth, Sports, Culture & Tourism Office, and Banyumas Regency small and medium business associations. The results revealed the potential of natural resources that can be developed as agro-tourism objects, while the development of the Cikidang Village rest area functions as a tourist centre that promotes local products and culture of the village. Based on stakeholder analysis shows that the participation of various parties in the agritourism development plan in Cikidang Village. Strategies to empower the community economy through agritourism in Cikidang Village are formulated in three stages, namely creating a conducive atmosphere, effective village government management, and maintaining long-term sustainability.

The influence of tourism on the development of urban space: Comparison in Hanoi, Danang, and Ho Chi Minh City

Abstract Tourism is not only a driving force behind the development of many urban areas in Vietnam, but also a cause of accelerating problems such as tourist overload and great pressure on infrastructure. The study’s purpose is to evaluate the impact that tourism has had on the development of metropolitan regions in Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City, which are the three most popular tourist destinations in Vietnam. These effects are measured through two indicators: land consumption and land use efficiency (LUE). Research data are collected through two main sources: Vietnam General Statistics Office (with population and tourist data) and JAXA (with land use data). These data were collected and compared over two periods: 2010–2015 and 2015–2020. Research results have shown that consumption is increasing in all three localities, and all three cities are expanding spatially. In particular, the period 2015–2020 shows a higher level of land consumption than the period 2010–2015. However, LUE witnessed the opposite result when the period 2010–2015 showed more efficiency than the later period. Thus, all three urban areas tend to grow more if we count the amount of tourists as residents in that locality over time. This impedes future sustainable tourism development.

Disclaimer of Political Rights As An Effort to Eradicate Corruption

Corruption is an extraordinary crime, so extraordinary methods are also needed to prevent and eradicate this crime. The imposition of serious crimes is one of the ways needed to eradicate them, then new punitive breakthroughs are also needed in order to provide a sense of deterrence and fear to both the perpetrators and the community. Several cases that have been decided during the trial of corruption at the first level, among others, are on behalf of the accused, Inspector General. Djoko Susilo in the corruption case of the procurement of a driving license (SIM) simulator tool, the KPK Public Prosecutor demanded additional crimes of revoking the right to vote and vote in general elections and public office (political rights), and the panel of judges granted the demands at the appeal level. This additional punishment is regulated in article 35 of the Criminal Code in conjunction with article 18 paragraph (1) of Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Corruption. This research uses normative legal research methods, supported by primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources. With descriptive qualitative analysis.The problem with this additional punishment for depriving political rights is how to apply this additional punishment for depriving political rights in the prevention and eradication of corruption, because of course the KPK has strong reasons why this additional punishment is included as a punishment for perpetrators of corruption.

Awareness of the Green Dentistry Concept among Dental Professionals in Tertiary Care Dental Hospital, Rawalpindi

Objective: To assess awareness of green dentistry among graduates, postgraduates and general dentistsStudy Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID)Rawalpindi, Pakistan from August 2022 to October 2022.Methods: Based on a pre-validated survey questionnaire comprising of 20 close-ended questions assessing theawareness regarding green dentistry. Male and female respondents consisting of General dentists, graduates,postgraduate and house officers, and practitioners of AFID who gave consent were included in the study. Thesample size was calculated using the WHO calculator and 332 respondents were recruited and thequestionnaire was distributed, responses were then analyzed using SPSS version 22 and the p-value < 0.05 wasconsidered significant.Results: Out of the 332 participants 148 were post-graduates, 109 were Graduates, 35 were consultants and 40were general dentists with the age range of 25 to 50 years. 248 participants were females and 84 were malesand 100% response rate was observed. Postgraduates (47%) were more aware of the eco-friendly dentistryconcept the difference was found statistically significant (p-value <0.000).Conclusion: Most of the respondents were aware of the green dentistry concept, those who had littleknowledge were accepting the concept and were enthusiastic to inculcate these practices in their practices. How to cite this: Bano V, Amin E, Maqbool S, Hassan SA, Baber A, Urooj R. Awareness of Green Dentistry Concept among Dental Professionals. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 251-258. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.418

Ethic Code and Internal Audit Quality

Abstract Purpose - The research aims to test the influence of codes of ethics (competence, accountability, and professionalism) on the quality of audit results and to analyze the role of mediation in audit performance and the impact of the codes (competence, accounting, and professionalism) on the quality of auditing results. The attribution theory component is included in the proposed model. Design/methodology/approach - Data for this research is collected through survey methods, namely questionnaires. Research data and hypotheses are analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM), which is based on PLS. Respondents are 109 internal auditors at the Supreme Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. Findings - The results of this study show that competence, accountability, and professionalism have a positive and significant influence on the quality of the audit outcome. In addition, competency, accountant, and professional influence positively and significantly on the performance of the auditor. The auditor's performance has a positive and significant impact on the quality of the audit outcome. Audit performance as a mediation role in this research is fully mediated, which means that significantly independent variables (competence, accounting, and professional) are able to influence the dependent variable (quality of audit outcomes) without going through the mediation variable (auditor performance).Research limitations/implications – Improve and maintain the Code of Ethics (competence, accountability and professionalism) within the Internal Auditor environment at the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: Internal Audit, Competence, Accountability, Professional Behavior, Auditor Performance, and Audit Quality

Regulation of Corporate Criminal Liability According To Law Number 1 Year 2023 On The Criminal Code

Corporation as a subject of criminal law that can be held criminally responsible is not known in the old Criminal Code. This is because the old Criminal Code is a legacy of the Dutch colonial government whose legal system adheres to the Continental European legal system (civil law). Countries that adhere to the civil law legal system are a little behind in terms of regulating corporations as subjects of criminal law, in contrast to countries that adhere to the common law legal system, which has regulated corporate liability and this has started since the industrial revolution. In Indonesia itself, the regulation on corporation as a subject of criminal law is regulated in the Law outside the Criminal Code. Meanwhile, the new Criminal Code has regulated corporations as legal subjects that can be held criminally liable. As regulated in Article 45 to Article 50, Article 56, and Articles 118 to 124 of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code. Although prior to the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code there was already Perma No. 13 of 2016 concerning Procedures for Handling Criminal Cases by Corporations and Regulation of the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia Number PER-28/A/JA/10/2014 concerning Guidelines for Handling Criminal Cases with Corporate Legal Subjects. Prior to the issuance of the regulation, the Attorney General's Office had first issued Circular Letter of the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia Number B-036/A/FT.1/06/2009 regarding Corporations as Suspects/Defendants in Corruption Crimes addressed to the Head of High Prosecutors throughout Indonesia. Thus, Corporations as a subject of criminal law can already be held criminally liable with the strength and legal certainty stipulated in the New Criminal Code.

Diagnostika alkoholovej choroby pečene u gastroenterológa

Summary: The alarming rise in morbidity and mortality from liver diseases is the reason for searching ways to reverse this trend. The COVID-19 period was a time of increased consumption of spirits in Slovakia and associated morbidity and mortality. An effective tool for early detection of risky alcohol consumption is screening in the form of the AUDIT questionnaire followed by intervention and screening of liver disease in the form of laboratory and imaging methods, including ultrasonography and elastography using non-invasive fibrosis indices. Screening for risky alcohol consumption and advanced liver fibrosis in gastroenterologist, hepatologist and general practitioner outpatient offices will help to detect at-risk individuals early and start intervention. This paper presents a screening proposal in the context of the latest EASL and AASLD guidelines and available current reviews of screening worldwide. The goal is to reduce the adverse effects of alcohol in Slovakia. Key words: risk alcohol consumption – AUDIT test – elastography – screening