General Textbooks Research Articles

A Comparative Study of General and Inorganic Chemistry Textbooks at Home and from Abroad

A Comparative Study of General and Inorganic Chemistry Textbooks at Home and from Abroad

Enabling general chemistry students to take part in experimental design activities

In this study, we analyzed how general chemistry students generated experimental designs corresponding to general chemistry questions such as the ones typically found in general chemistry textbooks. We found that students were very successful in including experimental design aspects that were explicitly mentioned in the general chemistry questions, but less successful in including other experimental design aspects. We also analyzed the outcomes of students engaging in the counterpart process – expressing general chemistry laboratory experiments as typical general chemistry questions. We found that that students were very successful in considering the various components associated with expressing the experiments when considering each of the various components one at a time, but less successful when considering the various components at the same time. Considerations and suggestions for implementing these types of activities to enable a wide variety of general chemistry students to take part in experimental design are discussed. Implications for research and teaching, including a consideration of ChatGPT, are also presented.

DEVELOPING THE COMPETENCE OF POETRY READING COMPREHENSION FOR GRADE 6 STUDENTS IN VIETNAM THROUGH USING STUDY CARD

Study card is a useful tool commonly used in teaching, especially in teaching reading comprehension to develop students' competencies and qualities. Through using study card, teachers transfer tasks, questions and exercises to help students promote thinking, arouse knowledge, form reading comprehension skills, and penetrate new texts. However, the design of study card to teach poetry reading comprehension for grade 6 students in Vietnam still faces many difficulties. The article presents the research results on the concept and role of study card and proposes the process of designing study card to teach poetry reading comprehension for grade 6 students in Vietnam according to the general education curriculum and new textbooks.

SCORING/ INTERPRETATION OF THEMATIC APPERCEPTIVE TECHNIQUES (TATS): A REVIEW

This paper highlights the importance of Thematic Apperceptive Techniques (TATs) in personality assessment and emphasizes that these techniques facilitate articulation, predict behavior in real life settings, contribute to incremental validity, less prone to faking or deliberate deception, and useful in intervention. Also, some issues affecting scientific credentials of these techniques are highlighted, viz., unsystematic use, false assumptions in critical literature, false information in general psychology textbooks, and some general issues which are hindrance in development of these techniques. Need for supportive research is highlighted, and as a step in this direction, this paper presents various scoring/interpretive approaches to TATs, retrieved using two large bibliographic databases, viz., SCOPUS and Google Scholar (GS). This paper is useful for researchers and clinicians who can gain by having knowledge of approaches to TATs evaluation. No such review exists which consolidates TATs in terms of scoring/ interpretation since its introduction, i.e., 1935. Finally, some suggestions for future research are also given.

АНАЛИЗА СТАНДАРДА ДИДАКТИЧКОГ ОБЛИКОВАЊА САДРЖАЈА НА ПРИМЕРУ БАСНИ У ЧИТАНЦИ ЗА ПРВИ РАЗРЕД ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ ИЗДАВАЧКЕ КУЋЕ ЕДУКА

In this paper, we deal with the analysis of the quality standards of the didactic design of textbooks on the example of a reading book for the first grade published by Eduka (Jović and Jović, 2019). The analysis was performed according to general textbook quality standards (Ivić et al., 2009) and legal frameworks for regulating the quality of textbooks and textbook sets, using the example of fables that are part of the content of the analyzed source. The analysis of the achievement of standards in the field of didactic design in the paper will point out the possibilities of improving the existing didactic-methodical apparatuses that accompany fables. Keywords: textbook quality standards, didactic-methodical apparatus, textbook, reading book, fable

Enlightening Visualization of Charge on Capacitors and Capacitor Circuits

The ideal parallel plate capacitor in general physics textbooks lacks electrostatic perspectives regarding how conducting surfaces are charged. The current textbooks somewhat neglect close connections between capacitors and electrostatics, leaving students in limbo when analyzing charge distribution on capacitors in circuits. This paper will suggest a new generalized model of the ideal capacitor and offer learners, mainly from the electrostatic perspective, a better train of thought in analyzing how charges are distributed on various surfaces in capacitor circuits. This paper offers a relatively complete review and framework of the ideal capacitor and can serve as supplementary reading material for general physics learners and instructors for in-depth explanations of fundamental topics unavailable in the current textbooks.

‘New Forces’: How Classroom Textbooks Are Redefining Journalism

Educators increasingly need to teach journalism within everchanging digital newsrooms. This study conducts a rare analysis of popular, United States–focused textbooks to answer a foundational question: What is journalism? Drawing on concepts of journalism’s social function, this analysis finds the university textbooks are providing more upbeat messages, but significantly different definitions. General textbooks often emphasize a dominant, print-oriented watchdog role, while specialized books mostly accentuate journalists’ neighborly, multimedia approach to reporting everyday life. This study points to the value of providing pluralist journalism approaches that show varied views of journalists’ moral authority in reporting for diverse audiences.

Technical Terms Used in General English Textbooks Across Disciplines

Technical Terms Used in General English Textbooks Across Disciplines

AN EVALUATION OF ANCIENT HISTORY WRITING THROUGH TWO SECTIONS OF SÜLEYMAN HÜSNÜ PASHA’S TARİH-İ ÂLEM (1876)

XIX. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nde birtakım reformlar gerçekleştirilmiştir, doğal olarak bunlar eğitim alanına da yansımıştır. Örneğin tarih anlayışındaki değişim, XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren tarih eğitimi alanında meyvelerini vermeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda Umumi Tarih dersi orta ve yüksek eğitim kurumlarının müfredatına konulmuştur. İçeriği ise sadece İslam ve Osmanlı tarihiyle sınırlı kalmayıp, farklı coğrafyaların ve milletlerin tarihlerini de ele almaya başlayan bir dünya tarihi formatına bürünmüştür. Bu dönemde yeni müfredata uygun ders kitapları hazırlanmaya başlanmıştır. Bunlardan biri de askeri liselerin ikinci sınıfında okutulmak üzere Süleyman Hüsnü Paşa tarafından hazırlanan Tarih-i Âlem’dir. 1876 yılında yayınlanan kitap, Osmanlı Devleti’nde telif edilen ilk umumi tarih ders kitapları arasında yer almaktadır. Eser, sadece Eskiçağ tarihiyle ilgilidir. Tarih-i Âlem’de eski ile yeni metotlar, geleneksel ile modern tarih anlayışı ve anlatılar, Doğulu ve Batılı kaynaklar ve tarihsel yaklaşımlar harmanlanmıştır. Bu çalışmayla Tarih-i Âlem’in içeriği, formatı ve metodu analiz edilecek, yöntemde ve konu içeriği seçiminde neden bir standardın uygulan(a)madığı irdelenecektir. Bu amaçla farklı tarih yazımı geleneklerinin bulunduğu iki bölüm örnek olarak seçilmiştir. Bunlardan biri geleneksel tarih ve kutsal tarih anlayışının temsil edildiği Ezmine-i Evveliye bölümü, diğeri ise modern tarih anlayışına daha yakın olan Ezmine-i Esâtiriye bölümünden Asya-yı Suğra kısmıdır. Her iki bölümün günümüz harflerine aktarımı eklerde verilmiştir.

Skin Tone Representation in Dermatology Textbooks: Approximating the Gap.

Dermatology heavily relies on photographs in its literature to depict diseases and demonstrate treatment modalities. Previous studies have established that general medical and dermatology textbooks have limited photographic representation of individuals with skin of color (SOC), even those diseases highly prevalent in these populations. As the US population continues to grow and diversify, there is an increase in individuals with SOC seeking cosmetic and procedural services. We set out to investigate the current trends of SOC representation in the surgical and cosmetic sections of current dermatology textbooks.

College Chemistry Textbooks Aid and Abet Racial Disparity

This study examines the representation of people of color in 10 US general chemistry textbooks published between 2016 and 2020. On average, people of color appear every 320 pages of text, while white figures are observed every 24 pages. The average percentage of people of color in the textbooks (12%) is well below the percentage in the US general population (40%), college population (46%), and science technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workforce (33%). Of the images that do include people of color, 26% portray explicitly negative stereotypes (e.g., unclean, poor, sick, primitive, unskilled) and only 31% depict STEM activities. Several textbooks in this study were reported in 2007 to contain racial bias, but no evidence of improvement was observed. To understand the persistence of racial bias, biographical information was used to illuminate the values held by the eight scientists that all 10 textbooks have in common. These eight universally prominent scientists include a lifelong supporter and profiteer of slavery, a trustee of the Human Betterment Foundation (an organization promoting mandatory sterilization for “race betterment”), an executive board member of the Swedish Society for Racial Hygiene, an anti-Semitic bigamist, and a modern advocate of eugenics. We posit that general chemistry textbooks reveal two mechanisms by which racial disparity in STEM is preserved and advanced: (1) through the invisibility and negative stereotyping of people of color and (2) via an oblivious idolatry of scientists who have promoted racist ideologies.

Disparities and conceptual connections regarding the concept of substance in general chemistry textbook glossaries

Disparities and conceptual connections regarding the concept of substance in general chemistry textbook glossaries

Not All Chemists are White Men: Incorporating Diversity in the General Chemistry Curriculum

We have developed and implemented a change to our General Chemistry curriculum that makes the point that not all chemists are white men. This builds on recent textbook analyses, which showed that General Chemistry textbooks overwhelmingly and unnecessarily focus on the biographies of scientists that are white men. We demonstrate a way to highlight contributions from female chemists and chemists of color to illustrate General Chemistry concepts. We describe how this work could be extended and used in tandem with other curriculum efforts to increase the odds that female students and students of color persist to success in chemistry.

La distinction proposition principale / proposition subordonnée dans les grammaires scolaires et les instructions officielles en France (xixe-xxie siècles)

Here, we are concerned with the persistence in the idea of main clause since the 19th century up to the official teachings and terminology for high schools of 2015, 2018 and 2020. While the general grammar text books, or the more academic ones, are attempting to standardise the rules of grammar in the simple sentence and in the complex sentence at the end of the 18th–beginning of the 19th centuries, the school grammar text book generalises the logical analysis. In spite of isolated attempts by so-called structural grammar text books of the 1970s, and despite the 2015 syllabus, the main clause remains central to the grammatical discussion and to the grammatical handbooks as the first section of the complex sentence. This causes difficulty, as it results in problems of meaning and separation for the subordinate (“I note” main clause/“that you are there” subordinate clause) as also for the relative clauses, particularly in relation to the texts.

Analysis of Relationships between Common Distributions Based on Computing Science

Random variables are the most fundamental concept in probability theory and mathematical statistics. Each random variable can have a distribution, different random variables can have different distributions, and different random variables can have the same distribution. There are many random variables, and there are many distributions that can be formed, but there are not many commonly used distributions. In general probability theory and mathematical statistics textbooks, each distribution is explained separately, and the relationship between distributions is occasionally discussed, and there is no detailed description. Establishing the correspondence between distributions plays an important role in mastering the theory and relationship of common distributions. This paper studies the relationship between distributions, and establishes some common distribution diagrams on the basis of distribution relationships, so as to illustrate the connections between some distributions with distribution diagrams.

Vocabulary in EFL/ESL Context: An Analysis of General English Textbook

<p style="text-align:justify">Vocabulary plays an important part in an EFL/ ESL textbook. The language input contained in textbooks and the representation of dimensions in vocabulary activities may have various impacts on learners’ language acquisition and development. According to Webb and Nation, vocabulary development requires the establishment of certain learning situations. It is imperative to analyze whether the vocabulary exercises presented in the book serve the desired purpose or not. The present research analyzed present General English textbook to ensure that it fulfills the learning needs of students. During the analysis, it was found that most of the sections of the vocabulary are well presented with proper context. However, there were some sections which do not contextualize the vocabulary as presented in the book. These items need to be substituted. Certain sections of the vocabulary are above the level of learners and need to be replaced with the easy ones.</p>

A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Pictures in ELT Textbooks: Modes of Communication in Focus

There is a tight nexus between visual literacy and textbook picture representations. This is of paramount importance when textbooks in general and ELT textbooks, in particular, are under question. To conduct a visual and verbal discourse analysis based on modes of communication, ELT textbook pictures were analyzed under the assumption that visual and verbal discourse interacts with reflected modes of communication. To this end, 50 ELT textbook pictures were used as the corpus and analyzed according to KvL's (2006) visual images analytical strategies in multimodal texts and Halliday’s (1985) transitivity system for verbal analysis of textbook pictures. The analysis of multimodal resources revealed that the analyzed visual images were used to represent non-human images; close-up images, frontal images, left-right compositions were the most frequent visual modes in the selected pictures. In the case of verbal mode, the relational main-type and verbal minor-type level with 39% and 2% were the most and least frequent verbal strategies, respectively. The findings might have significant theoretical and pedagogical implications for scholars, L2 teachers, and ELT textbook designers to consider the potential of using multimodal resources for non-pedagogical purposes while integrating textbook visual images and verbal strategies to create meanings. Keywords: Multimodal Discourse Analysis, Transitive System’s Processes, Visual Images Interpretive Strategies, Modes of Communication, ELT Textbooks.

CẤU TRÚC HÓA NỘI DUNG CHỦ ĐỀ SINH SẢN CỦA CÁC CẤP ĐỘ TỔ CHỨC SỐNG ĐÁP ỨNG CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GIÁO DỤC PHỔ THÔNG MÔN SINH HỌC 2018

The general education program 2018 was built in the direction of capacity development. To form and develop in students about the ability of biology subject; At the same time, contributing to the formation and development of students with major qualities and common competencies with other subjects, the primarily educational content of the Biology subject must determine the core educational content of Biology subject according to the approach to the Levels of Living Organization (LLO)- From Molecular, Cell, Organism, Population, Community Ecosystem, to Ecosphere. Those are topics that spanned from low LLO to high, reflected common characteristics of the living world such as energy metabolism and metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, induction, and evolution. But current general school biology textbooks, especially at the high school level, are compiled according to narrow specialized knowledge such as Genetics, Evolution and Ecology, that is, maintaining the opinion of single subject, so they have not fully grasped the point of view of program construction and development. The article only focused on researching and defining the content system of the topic "Reproduction" from the LLO: molecules, cells, bodies, populations to meet the general education program of biology in 2018, suggestions to overcome The compilation of the content of Biology textbooks is the current pure specialized knowledge of biology. Helping high school teachers avoid the trend of disorienting teaching that has been taking place at high schools since the renewal of the curriculum. general education program from 2006 up to now.

Lactate Is a Metabolic Mediator That Shapes Immune Cell Fate and Function.

Lactate and the associated H+ ions are still introduced in many biochemistry and general biology textbooks and courses as a metabolic by-product within fast or oxygen-independent glycolysis. However, the role of lactate as a fuel source has been well-appreciated in the field of physiology, and the role of lactate as a metabolic feedback regulator and distinct signaling molecule is beginning to gain traction in the field of immunology. We now know that while lactate and the associated H+ ions are generally immunosuppressive negative regulators, there are cell, receptor, mediator, and microenvironment-specific effects that augment T helper (Th)17, macrophage (M)2, tumor-associated macrophage, and neutrophil functions. Moreover, we are beginning to uncover how lactate and H+ utilize different transporters and signaling cascades in various immune cell types. These immunomodulatory effects may have a substantial impact in cancer, sepsis, autoimmunity, wound healing, and other immunomodulatory conditions with elevated lactate levels. In this article, we summarize the known effects of lactate and H+ on immune cells to hypothesize potential explanations for the divergent inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory effects.

ANALYSIS OF PUNJAB TEXTBOOK OF GENERAL SCIENCE IN CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AT 8TH GRADE

The current research was carried out to analyze the content and to assess teachers’ perception regarding content of general science textbook at the elementary level for grade 8th in the environmental education context. For content analysis general science recommended by Punjab Textbook has been taken. For getting teachers perception, five-point Likert scale was utilized which consisted of 27 statements under the consideration of three components of Palmer’s teaching and learning model a) education about the environment b) education in or from the environment c) education for the environment. The outcomes of the research showed that activities of the content related to environment are more emphasizing towards psychomotor domain instead of equally focusing all domains. On the other hand, teachers’ perception indicate that more improvement is needed in textbook in relation to providing opportunities to boost the skills, knowledge, attitudes among students in order to protect the environment. For instance, an environmental day can be organized in which awareness, knowledge, skills related to environment are provided