General Technical Conditions Research Articles

Justification of the scientific research task for estimation of the influence of the factors of ionizing radiation on the efficiency of application of atmospheric-optical communication lines

The structure, role and place of atmospheric-optical communication lines in modern information transmission systems and increasing the efficiency of their functioning are considered. The factors are analyzed, and especially such an environmental factor is taken into account, which directly affects the technical characteristics of the element base of atmospheric-optical communication lines, such as radioactive radiation. The source of such radiation can be a nuclear power plant accident, as a result of which a large amount of radioactive substances spreads into the surrounding space outside the nuclear power plant. The analysis of the radiation resistance of the element base of atmospheric-optical communication lines is carried out, which shows that the most vulnerable structural elements are infrared receivers. The technical condition of the receivers of atmospheric-optical communication lines under the influence of radioactive radiation will determine the general technical condition of the information system and affect the possibilities for their application. Radioactive radiation, which is also present in the space environment, is one of the factors in the manifestation of external influences and on the technical condition of aerospace technology. The radiation that occurs in the structures of integrated circuits when bombarded with high-energy particles leads to the generation of photocurrents that can change the operating characteristics of integrated circuits, in turn leads to failures in the transmission of information and to complete failure in emergency situations. The directions of improving the methods of accounting for the influence of atmospheric-optical communication lines on receivers are proposed.

Administrative and Legal Protection of the Rights of Cosmetological Services’ Consumers

The purpose of the study is to define the concept and content of administrative and legal protection of the rights of consumers of cosmetological services, as well as to develop propositions to improve domestic legislation in this area. The violation of the rights of consumers of cosmetological services and cosmetic products has been analyzed. On this basis the author has concluded that there is no effective system of protection of their rights. The authors have formulated own definition of the term of “administrative and legal protection of the rights of consumers of cosmetological services”. It has been established that the object of administrative and legal protection is the violated rights and interests of consumers of cosmetological services. Elements of administrative and legal mechanism of the protection of the rights of consumers of cosmetological services have been singled out, which include administrative and legal norms, subjects endowed with relevant administrative powers in the field of protection of the rights of consumers of cosmetological services, means, measures and procedural actions aimed at restoring violated rights of cosmetological services’ consumers, as well as administrative liability. The authors have elaborated propositions for improving regulatory acts regulating the production and circulation of cosmetic products and regulating the provision of services in Ukraine. The expediency of making changes to the Handbook of Qualification Characteristics of Occupations of Employees, approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated from March 29, 2002 No. 117, by providing the profession of cosmetologist and developing appropriate qualification requirements for this profession. It has been offered to update the industry standard of Ukraine GSTU 201-05-97 “Services of a Cosmetologist. General Technical Conditions” and State Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.2.9.027-99. In order to bring cosmetic products produced and used on the domestic market in accordance with the requirements of international standards, it has been offered to approve the draft Technical Regulations for cosmetic products, published by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on the official website.

A Comprehensive Approach for the Seismic Vulnerability of a Building of Public Utility

The purpose of research. The paper presents a complex approach performed to identify the vibration natural periods of a building of general interest, in the form of H, with basement, ground floor and 7 levels, built in 1968. Thus, qualitative and quantitative analyzes, topometric measurements, non-destructive tests, vibration recordings from microseisms, in order to establish the general technical condition, the degree of geometric conformation, the determination of dynamic characteristics, as well as static, modal modeling etc. for the validation of those obtained results were made. Finally, proposing several consolidation solutions, because the building is located in Bucharest where the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is 0.3g according to the Seismic design code and a further increase to a mean return period of 475 years for PGAis taken into consideration. At this moment, this building is in the process of consolidation and rehabilitation and will be included in the national permanent vibrations monitoring program. Principal results: eccentricities and irregularities from non-structural components, relative horizontal displacements, sclerometric and ultrasonic recordings, spatial structure displacements in the three main directions NS, EV and vertical Z, velocities, accelerations, frequencies and periods, structural damping factors, basic shear force etc. Major conclusions. It is important to obtain correct information regarding the behaviour of a structural system, the contribution of each presented technical approaches is consistent, using the advantages of non-destructive methods, ambient vibration monitoring and modal analysis. Reducing the seismic risk of buildings in Romania is a complex action nowadays, of national interest, and in 2020, a national strategy on seismic risk reduction will be finalized (with legislative, normative, investment reforms etc.).

Use of stevia in yoghurt technology

The purpose of the work was to develop technology, investigate the properties and quality indicators of yogurt using stevia extract. Experimental studies of organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological parameters of yogurt were conducted in the laboratory of the milk and milk products technology department. At the first stage, yogurt formulations were developed using different amounts of stevia extract, namely 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 % by weight of the normalized mixture. The yogurt with the sugar addition 5.0 % of weight of the normalized mixture was the control sample. The aqueous extract of stevia was prepared as follows: 30 g of crushed dry raw material was poured into 250 ml of hot water and extracted in a flask under reflux in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes. The aqueous extract was filtered through a paper filter and evaporated to 100 ml. The obtained extract was used for further studies. Yogurt was made by thermostatic method. Bacterial preparation of direct application of FD DVS ABY-3 was added to the milk mixture cooled to a temperature of (37 ± 1) ºС. After stirring, sugar and stevia extract were added to the normalized mixture in the calculated amount. The mixture was stirred and packed in a glass container. After adding all the components, the mixture was fermented at a temperature of (37 ± 1) ºC. After fermentation the product was immediately cooled to a temperature of (4 ± 2) ºC in a refrigerator, and then sent for storage for 21 days. In fermented samples of yogurt during fermentation, the activity of acid formation was determined by changing the active and titrated acidity. The titratable acidity was determined according to GOST 3624-92 “Milk and dairy products. Titrometric methods for determining acidity”. Measurements of active acidity were performed using an electronic pH meter “Muttler Toledo MP220”. Organoleptic and physicochemical parameters were investigated in the finished product according to DSTU 4343:2004 “Yogurts. General technical conditions”. Microbiological parameters of yogurt with stevia extract during storage were examined on the 1, 7, 14 and 21st day according to DSTU IDF 117B:2003 “Yogurt. Determination of the number of characteristic microorganisms. The method of counting colonies at a temperature of 37 °C”. Experimentally it was found that the highest titrated (84 °T) and lowest active acidity (4.39 pH units) characterized for the sample with the addition of 1.0 % stevia extract. Yogurt obtained by adding stevia extract in the amount of 0.5 % was optimal for organoleptic characteristics. During storage of yogurt samples, the highest value of titratable acidity was observed in the control, which is explained by the maximum content of lactobacilli cells, but its organoleptic characteristics deteriorated. Determination of the number of viable lactobacilli cells in yogurt samples confirmed the assumption that their more active development was in the control and samples using 0.1 % stevia extract, which correlates with titrated acidity. For the production of yogurt with good organoleptic characteristics and probiotic properties, we propose to use in its technology 0.5 % stevia extract, as well as fermentation culture of direct application ABY-3 (Chr. Hansen). The use of stevia in the production of yogurt not only has a positive effect on the energy composition of the product, but improves organoleptic characteristics. Thus, there is possible to manufacture of the product in order to expand the range of dairy products available to people with diabetes, obesity and other diseases which involves reducing or completely eliminating sugar from your daily diet.

Оцінювання відповідності та ідентифікація натуральності кисломолочного сиру і сиркових виробів

The data of researches on conformity of fermented milk cheese and termized cheese products of different trademarks with the requirements of national standards of Ukraine (DSTU 4554:2006 Cottage cheese. Specifications, DSTU 4503:2005 Products of cheese. General technical conditions), which are sold in retail trade network, in terms of quality and safety. Identification of their naturalness for falsification of sodium bicarbonate and starch was carried out. It was established that by the indicators: organoleptic (smell, consistency and taste), physicochemical (mass fraction of fat, protein, water, titrated acid, presence of phosphatase enzyme), investigated sour milk cheese (samples №№. 1,2,3) met the requirements of DSTU 4554:2006. The titrated acidity in cheese products (samples №№ 4,5), mass fraction of fat and which does not meet the requirements of DSTU 4503: 2005, was reduced. All investigated samples of sour milk cheese according to microbiological parameters (presence of coli-shaped bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli, number of molds, yeast, pathogens, in particular, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus) corresponded to DSTU 4554:2006 and DSTU 4503:2005. The number of lactic acid bacteria tested sour milk cheese and cheese products did not meet the regulations of the applicable national standards. The falsification of the investigated thermalized cheese products with sodium bicarbonate and starch was detected. Express, easy-to-carry methods for detecting falsification of fermented milk cheese and cheese products with sodium bicarbonate (using bromothymol blue with a mass concentration of 0.04%) and starch (for detecting its grain inclusions, using a solution with the use of a solution with the use of a solution, have been developed, tested and implemented 0.1 mol/dm 3 ) by microscopy.

Authenticity Identification of Carbonated Alcochol-Free Beverages

The article concerns the counterfeiting problem of non-alcoholic drinks sold on the consumer market of the Russian Federation; provides data on drinks fraud methods (assortment, qualitative, quantitative and informational types). Strengthening quality control of soft drinks is one of the main directions of providing consumers with qualitative products. The authors presented authenticity identification results of carbonated soft drinks sold on the Kemerovo consumer market for compliance with the current regulatory documents requirements; run the consumer criteria analysis for the drinks identification of various brands. They obtained data on the labeling and packaging identification of selected non-alcoholic carbonated drinks samples for the compliance with current regulatory documents. A man recorded the compliance. There was an absence of the quantitative counterfeiting identification. The study described results of the organoleptic and physico-chemical quality indicators research. According to the GOST 28188-2014 “Non-Alcoholic Beverages. General Technical Conditions” the authors evaluated beverages quality by such physical and chemical indicators as the mass fraction of dry substances, acidity, and the mass fraction of carbon dioxide. The researchers run the organoleptic indicators analysis according to a score system. Authenticity identification of the selected drinks samples showed that there are no signs of counterfeiting and the products are of high quality.

Зміна органолептичних показників сиркової пасти з лляною олією за різних умов зберігання

The development of new types of recipes for curd products, which have ingredients rich in essential fatty acids, which increase their biological value, are promising for introduction into production. The results of the investigated changes of organoleptic indicators and values of titrated acid in the rupture of curd spread with different content of the linseed oil stored under the temperature of +2 ± 0.5 and + 6 ± 1 ° C were presented at the article. The organoleptic qualities of the curd spread samples were determined according to SSU (State Standards of Ukraine) 4503: 2005 Curd products. General Technical Conditions and our improved 10 point scale. The organoleptic qualities of cottage cheese were evaluated according to SSU 4554: 2006 Cottage cheese. General Technical Conditions. In this case, the curd spread was considered acceptable for production by organoleptic qualities with total score of not less than 9 points. The titrated acidity of the samples of curd spread with flax oil and cottage cheese was determined by the titrimetric method. It was found that the storage of experimental samples of curd spread at a temperature of + 2 ± 0,5 ° C for 7 days did not significantly affect the overall score. Thus, in the test samples containing 8% and 10% linseed oil, the total score was reduced by 0.1 points, compared with freshly made samples. At the same time, in the 12% linseed oil sample, the score was reduced by 0.4 points. It was found that after 14 days of storage of curd paste in samples containing 8% and 10% f linseed oil, the total point score decreased to 9.0 ± 0.2 points, and in the sample with 12% oil to 7.1 ± 0.2 points. However, the samples of curd spread containing 8% and 10% linseed oil were still considered acceptable for production, as the total score was not lower than 9 points. It is established that during storage of curd spread with f linseed oil at + 6 ± 1 ° C, a gradual increase in titrated acidity is observed, which adversely affects the organoleptic characteristics of the product. Storage of curd spread samples for longer than 7 days under these temperature conditions is not desirable due to a decrease in the overall score. Key words: cheese paste, linseed oil, sour milk cheese, organoleptic evaluation, titrated acidity, storage temperature, expiration date.

Innovative Energy-Saving Sandwich-Panels for Industrial Construction

Today, large-panel housing construction occupies a leading position, both in terms of construction speed and sales, which contributes to an increase in the volume of precast concrete housing construction. Outdated series of large-panel houses do not meet modern requirements. Old faceless panel houses are gradually replaced by beautiful housing complexes with different types of facades. At present, in the technology of construction of panel houses from sandwich-panels, the relevant trend is to reduce the standard thickness of the facade layer of a three-layer sandwich-panel (GOST 31310–2015 “ Three-Layer Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels with Effective Insulation. General Technical Conditions”) from 70 mm to 40 mm or less. Panel houses require a reduction in metal consumption, material consumption and improvement of thermal characteristics. This requires the development and implementation of new materials. The use of such construction products made of composite materials as diagonal flexible composite connections, flexible mounting loops and composite reinforcement mesh will make it possible to reduce the thickness of the protective layer of concrete without compromising the stability of the structure under the influence of the external environment due to the high corrosion resistance of the composite, reduce the weight of the panel, reduce the cost of manufacturing a unit of panel, increase the energy efficiency of the panel, ensure long-term strength of enclosing structures – create an innovative energy-efficient reinforced concrete sandwich panel of the XXI century.

Характеристика микросфер золы уноса для их использования в качестве сорбента

Работа посвящена изучению физико-химических свойств микросфер золы уноса (зольныхмикросфер) тепловых электростанций с целью последующего их использования в качестве сорбентадля очистки сточных вод от примесей различной природы. Определены химический и минералогический состав зольных микросфер. Выполнена оценка химической и механической стойкости, удельной поверхности, сорбционной способности материала. Анализ физических и химических свойств зольных микросфер показал, что исследованный материал соответствует требованиям ГОСТ Р 51641-2000 «Материалы фильтрующие зернистые. Общие технические условия» и является эффективным для использования, как в качестве самостоятельного сорбента, так и составляющей в системах водоочистки.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ШАМПУНІВ РІЗНИХ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНИХ МАРОК

Мета. Метою роботи є дослідження якості шампунів різної дії вітчизняних тазакордонних виробників, які реалізуються в торгівельних мережах м. Херсона.Методика. Дослідження проводились за допомогою стандартних методик,викладених у діючих нормативних документах: органолептичні показники якостівизначались відповідно до методики, викладеної у ДСТУ 5009:2008; фізико-хімічніпоказники, з-окрема, водневий показник та піноутворювальна здатність – відповідно доДСТУ ISO 696:2005.Результати. Для дослідження якості шампунів було обрано вісім зразків різнихвиробників, які користуються попитом у споживачів та призначені для різних типівволосся ТМ «AVON», «L’Oreal Paris», «Schauma», «Fitoval», «Head & shoulders», «NaturalSpa», «NATURE.med», Gliss Kur. За проведеною оцінкою якості встановлено, що заорганолептичними показниками – зовнішнім виглядом та кольором всі зразки відповідаютьвимогам діючого вітчизняного стандарту, за запахом два зразки не відповідають згідно зіскладом та назвою. За фізико-хімічними показниками всі зразки шампунів відповідаютьвстановленим вимогам. Однак, за водневим показником відповідно до рекомендацій щодотипу волосся деякі зразки мають низькі значення. На маркуванні шампунів жоден ізвиробників не вказав рівню рН, а виробники трьох зразків шампунів не зазначили частотувикористання в залежності від типу волосся. Виробники всіх зразків шампунів, окрімодного, не вказали на маркуванні нормативний документ відповідно до якого виготовленодану продукцію.Вимоги щодо якості шампунів доцільно формувати й оцінювати із врахуваннямводневого показника шампунів відповідно до типу волосся. Пропонується в перспективідослідження споживних властивостей шампуню із врахуванням фізико-хімічниххарактеристик відповідно до типу волосся.Наукова новизна. Встановлено необхідність проведення досліджень якостішампуню із врахуванням водневого показника відповідно до типу волосся.Практична значимість. Запропоновані дослідження можуть бути використаніпід час сертифікації шампуню та внесені у діючі нормативні документи. Зокрема, в загальних технічних умовах, доцільним є внесення значень водневого показника в залежності від типу волосся для якого призначені шампуні.

Problems of diagnostics of asynchronous motor powered by an autonomous voltage inverter

The article considers the most modern and most informative methods for diagnosing faults in squirrel-cage induction motors with a short-circuited rotor. The methods are based on the evaluation of vibrations and electrical parameters, as well as coordinates during operation and are normalized when powered from a sinusoidal voltage with frequency of 50 Hz. The main advantages and disadvantages of these methods, as well as the main indicators characterizing the general technical condition of the electric motor, are described. The application of these methods when powered from a non-sinusoidal voltage is impossible due to the complex harmonic composition of current and voltage. The consequence of this composition are the ripple moment and additional power loss. The interaction of the harmonics of the inverter and subharmonics, caused by faults, leads to the occurrence of a resonance phenomenon, and therefore to a decrease in the stability of the electric drive.

Difficulties in Operation of Elevations in Large-Panel Buildings

The article presents problems in facade walls operation of large-panel buildings. Examples of irregularities resulting from the initial poor quality of precast elements and assembly errors are presented, as well as problems arising as a result of repeated renovation and modernization works. The problems before and after wall insulation were discussed in greater detail, resulting from leaking joints of precast elements. Biological threats resulting from the influence of algae, lichens and vines on the façade material are presented. The general technical condition of the facade of a selected group of buildings was compared in studies carried out at an interval of 11 years.

Хроматографический метод определения хлорорганических соединений в нефти

На основании испытаний модельных и реальных образцов нефтей, содержащих ХОС в различных концентрациях, были определены показатели прецизионности разработанного метода. Также было проведено сравнение показателей точности разработанного метода с существующими стандартными методами определения ХОС. Как видно из полученных данных, разработанный метод имеет более низкий предел обнаружения и лучшие показатели прецизионности, чем существующие методы, что дает возможность определения более низких концентраций с высокой точностью.

Rotational dynamics of piston diesel engine crankshaft with deactivated cylinders at idle

Diesel engines have been diagnosed on the basis of a dynamic method. To improve the informativity of the determination of general technical condition of each of the cylinders, it is proposed to apply a well-known test action i.e. termination of operation. In this case, analysis should be given to both the contribution of the cylinder in the operation and the acceleration imparted to the crankshaft by the cylinder in the absence of fuel supply. The paper presents a mathematical model that takes into account the relationship of the dynamics of rotation of the crankshaft with the pressure of gases in the cylinder, including when it is deactivated. The analysis of functional dependences has allowed to receive coupling equations between parameters of tightness of the cylinder and angular crankshaft acceleration. Analytical and experimental study of the crankshaft rotation dynamics with deactivated cylinders at idle speed allowed to conclude that parameters of the crankshaft rotation irregularity allow assessing the engine cylinders’ technical state both in the run mode and in the idle mode. The diagnostic parameter allows determining the leak tightness of the over-piston space at idle speed is suggested. It equals air pressure differential in the cylinder at 50 degrees before TDC and at 50 degrees after TDC over the pressure at 50 degrees before TDC. It was installed, that both extrema of angular accelerations and their average values during compression and expansion can be used to diagnose the technical condition of cylinders.

РАСЧЕТ ДЛИТЕЛЬНО ЭКСПЛУАТИРУЕМОГО ДОННОГО ВОДОВЫПУСКА БАХЧИСАРАЙСКОГО ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА

Bahchisaray (Egiz-Oba) reservoir - water of natural runoff and one of the oldest in Crimea W. Its service life is more than 90 l. T. According to the results of in-kind studies it was found that the general technical condition of the HTS complex of the Bahchisarai reservoir of class I (extremely high danger) is assessed as satisfactory E. Results of bottom water outlet capacity calculations are given a. maximum waste the expense of a ground water outlet at a mark of level of the top byef to the equal forced retaining level (UVB = FTUU) is equal to Q=1.12 м^3⁄с that exceeds design data of Q=0.80 м^3 ⁄ C. Recommendations on extension of the service life of the hydraulic engineering complex are justified

SOME INDICES’ DETERMINATION OF RAW AND PASTEURIZED COW MILK BY UKRAINIAN MANUFACTURERS USING UNIQUE EXPRESS METHODS

According to the Regulation (EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union No. 852/2004 and No. 853/2004 “Оn the hygiene of foodstuffs” dated April 29, 2004, Ukrainian producers of both pasteurized and raw cow's milk should be guided by regulatory acts, in particular, DSTU 2661:2010 “Drinkable cow’s milk. General technical conditions” and DSTU 3662:2015 “Cow’s milk-raw. Technical conditions”, which are harmonized to the requirements of the EU, and are regulating the safety and quality of milk for adhering to the proper sanitary and hygienic requirements of their primary production and industrial processing, and use modern, effective developed and tested rapid control methods of milk and dairy products for their falsification. Taking into account that today the falsification of milk as pasteurized and raw is not a rare occurrence, it is especially important to develop and introduce new express methods for the detection of various chemical reagents in dairy products that impair their quality and can affect their safety. We have developed simple, effective, reliable express methods: the determination of the number of somatic cells in milk by using Reagent N; detection of milk falsification by sodium bicarbonate using an alcoholic solution of bromocresol green with a mass concentration of 0.01%; as well as by alkaline detergents using an alcoholic solution of bromotymol blue with a mass concentration of 0.02%. Determination of the number of somatic cells in cow's milk by express method using Reagent N gave a 99.8% confidence in qualitative indices. The colour and consistency of milk varies, depending on the number of somatic cells – from liquid with bright orange to the formation of a jelly-like clay dark-raspberry colour which is easily removed from the hole of the dairy plate. An express method for detecting falsification of milk by sodium bicarbonate has the following advantages over existing commonly used methods: the results are specific, with a reliable qualitative index of 99.9%, consisting in changing the colour of the circular layer of milk, depending on the amount of baking soda added to it. In the absence of sodium hydro-carbonate, the colour of the circular layer of milk has a dark green colour, and if it is present, it acquires a dark blue-green colour of varying intensity. The express method of the milk falsification determining by alkaline detergents is easy to implement, and its results give specific qualitative indicators of 99.9%. Depending on the amount of alkaline detergents added to the container with milk (up to 1, 5, 10%), the milk acquires a blue colour varying intensity.

Automatic localisation method for VLSI topology errors at the stage of functional control

The paper substantiates the urgency of the task of increasing the level of automation of functional testing of integrated structures that implement ultra-large integrated circuits (VLSI). To solve this task, there is proposed an original route designing and testing VLSI. This route for the first time implements the idea of automatically localising erroneous places in the topology of the integra structure. It is shown that the reasons for which up to now it was not possible to avoid developer intervention in the chain of operations of the algorithm-topology of cycle is to repeatedly convert formats and convert tests leading to the loss of debug information. The reasons for the loss of this information are analysed in detail and methods are proposed for restoring, more precisely, preventing informational disconnection between the mathematical and topological model of VLSI. To solve the problem of localisation of erroneous places in the VLSI topology, the paper presents a software and hardware complex based on the original software Functional Test Studio (FT Studio). FT Studio allows you to automate the verification of almost all types of VLSI, the composition of which is determined by the current standard OST B 11.073.012-87 Integrated Circuits. Special general technical conditions, including qualification and VLSI test tests. Software FT Studio leads the route of functional control of microcircuits to a new, higher level of automation. At this route the connection of the mathematical and topological model of VLSI is preserved within of the unified information environment. The latter relies on a powerful apparatus of the original object- and hardware oriented language Smirnov Test Electrical Exposition Language (STeeL), which supports the multiplatform nature of technological equipment. For the implementation and maintenance of the communication between an algorithm and topology VLSI, there are using language of interoperative exchange RSTL and system for analysing the results of measurements Lorenz, which perform automatic conversion and correct inter-unit information transfer from stage to stage.

КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНКИ ПРИ УПРАВЛЕНИИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИМ СОСТОЯНИЕМ ЗДАНИЙ НА ПРИМЕРЕ КОТЕЛЬНОЙ В Г. РОСТОВ-НА-ДОНУ

In this article, the evaluation criteria (general technical condition, durability, conditional reliability) of construction objects are considered on the example of a boiler house in Rostov-on-Don. On the basis of the system analysis, a classification of characteristics is made and classification of the parameters of the construction object is made, where the main errors in the design, construction and operation are identified, and the logical and probabilistic relationships between them are identified, which made it possible to establish the possibility of the onset of critical events and states that They create emergency situations (accidents). The estimated building management criteria allow the formation of a data bank with the help of which it is planned to calculate the criteria and make decisions when operating.

ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНАЯ ОЦЕНКА КОРМОВ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ДЛЯ СПОРТИВНЫХ ЛОШАДЕЙ В СРАВНЕНИИ С ИМПОРТНЫМИ

The article presents the results of studying the quality and safety of domestic and imported feed for sports horses. The organoleptic, microbiological, toxic-biological and physicochemical indicators of various specialized feeds for sports horses have been studied. In Russian Federation there is no definite normative document that would confirm the sanitary safety of these feeds, it regulates GOST R 54492-2011 "Mixed fodder for horses. General technical conditions" and GOST R 52812-2007 "Feed mixes "Specifications", but they cannot be applied to imported feed. The scientific work of many years on the study of the physiology and digestion of horses led to the development of various feeds for general and specific purposes. To date, the state and prospects of the Russian forage market are claiming the level of imported production. In the domestic feed mill industry, the production of full-feed mixed fodders and premixes for horses is not established, so most often private owners and horse breeders prefer imported fodder, considering them to be the best. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the safety and biological value of domestic feed isn't inferior to imported fodder. And what's more, the feeds were examined for the presence of antibiotics in them. This study showed that in imported food they are more common. This is most likely due to the desire to preserve the quality of feed during transportation and to increase the shelf life.

Study on the Application of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials in High-Speed Trains

The new carbon fiber composite materials trains hood is designed with vacuum infusion molding process characteristics and performance of existing trains hood according to the characteristics of the high specific strength and stiffness of the carbon fiber composite materials. According to the requirements of referring to the IEC61373-1999[Railway Rolling Stock Equipment Shock and Vibration Testing Standards] and GB/T3317-2006[Electric Locomotive General Technical Conditions], the strength and deformation of the trains hood is calculated and analyzed on the conditions of the impaction, air movement load case and the end compression. The test result shows that the mechanical properties of the structure meets the requirements in the 500km/h high-speed test train.