General Scientifi Research Articles

«Архангел Михаїл» та «Богдан Хмельницький»: проєкти герба м. Києва 1942 та 1944 рр. у творчій спадщині Антона Середи

The aim of the publication is to reveal the role of the Ukrainian graphic artist Anton Khomych (Fomych) Sereda (1890–1961) in the process of creation of Kyiv city coat of arms in 1942 and 1944 and to present the works made by the artist. The research methodology includes the principles of objectivity, historicism and comprehensive study of historical sources. In addition to general scientifi c approaches in historical research, methods typical for purely heraldic analysis have been used. Objective study of graphic works of heraldic nature requires from the researcher specifi c approaches, namely the correlation of such images with the basic rules of heraldry and the norms of blazonry. The application of the comparative method was necessary to compare and critically analyze the source information taken from the archive’s documents. The scientifi c novelty of the article is to cover a little-known episode in the history of Kyiv city heraldry and to determine the personal contribution of A. Sereda in creating Kyiv’s coat of arms. New sources have been introduced into scientifi c circulation, expanding the knowledge about the process of creating city’s coat of arms in 1940s and giving the opportunity to provide a new more accurate attribution for the sketching draft of Kyiv city coat of arms, which was published in 1990, and make conclusions about the context and conditions of its appearance. Conclusions. According to comparative analysis of the documents from the A. Sereda’s personal fond in the Central State Archives Museum of Literature and Arts of Ukraine was found that the sketch, fi rst published in 1990 and previously considered as the work of H. Narbut, is a graphic realization of the project of Kyiv city coat of arms of 1942. The previously unknown attempt of the Soviet authorities to create a new coat of arms of Kyiv in 1944 is considered and a probable interpretation for the symbolism of A. Sereda’s project is suggested. There is a signifi cant structural similarity between the sketches of 1942 and 1944, which, however, completely differed in symbolic content. Both projects were not implemented and remained unknown. As a result, the above information allows us to adjust the existing knowledge about the role of A. Sereda in the process of creating coat of arms in the fi rst half of the 20 century in general and in the drafting projects of the city arms of Kyiv in particular.

Імперське конструювання судової системи для городян Правобережної України (1797–1801 рр.)

The article is devoted to the process of imperial construction of judicial system for urban citizens and merchants of the Right-Bank Ukraine by means of combining the judicial tradition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian judicial system. The aim of the research is to analyze the procedure of reestablishment/foundation of the magistrates and town halls under the rule of Pavlo I. The supreme power created a new system of judiciary by combining the traditions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian laws and consequently getting subordinate class institutions. The author investigates boundaries of compromises between urban citizens and judicial power. The methodology of the study is based on combination of general scientifi c (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods with the principles of historicism, systemity and scientifi city, allowing to focus the attention on the mechanisms of constructing courts for urban citizens by the supreme power. The scientifi c novelty is reached by studying the imperial means of attaining consensus with urban citizens by means of establishing a system of magistrates and town halls, subordinate to the governorate supreme courts. Engaging Jews and Christian population to operation of the institutions helped to settle civil-legal and criminal relationships. Conclusions. Implementing/founding a system of magistrates, the supreme power acted within the framework of imperial policy of coordination of its interests with those of different social groups. One of the ways of coming to an agreement was establishing magistrates with respect to «virtual» traditions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Admission of Jewish citizens to holding positions along with prevalence of the elected Christian offi cials allowed to minimize social tension. Implementing imperial expertise and maneuvering between aspirations of the local administration, the Polish elite and the urban citizens, the supreme power reconciled different groups with the Russian reality. Further research is needed to study the staff composition and judicial practices of magistrates and town halls in the period until the November Uprising of 1830–1831.

Архівування аудіовізуальної спадщини у Великій Британії: історичні традиції та сучасна практика

The aim of the article is to investigate the history of the formation and current state of development of archiving of audiovisual heritage in Great Britain. The research methodology is based on a system of modern basic scientifi c pproaches (socio-cultural, systemic, interdisciplinary) and a set of general scientifi c methods – bibliographic, comparative-historical, retrospective, empirical (descriptive), critical, typological, of system analysis. The tendencies of the organization of British audiovisual archives, means and methods of formation of collectives and infrastructure are analyzed. The following methods were used: genetic, inductive, historical, comparative, as well as systematization, generalization, classifi cation. A special place in the study is occupied by the art history approach, within which, in particular, morphological analysis allowed to distinguish the genre-species structure of audiovisual heritage in individual centers of its storage. The scientifi c novelty of the study is that for the fi rst time the main reasons for the foundation and some historical stories of 4 key centers for audiovisual heritage in the UK are traced: the Imperial War Museum, the National Archive of the British Film Institute, the Moving Image Archive of the National Library of Scotland, the National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales; and also revealed the composition of the documents concentrated there – an important component of world cultural heritage. The historical role of British archivists in the development of the theory and practice of audiovisual archiving is shown. The peculiarities of the British archival policy, focused (in pre-Internet times) primarily on the formation and preservation of audiovisual collections and its impact on the world practice of audiovisual archiving, are analyzed. Changes in the priorities of archives’ activity in the context of digital transformation and integration into the digital media space are identifi ed. Emphasis is placed on archival initiatives in the direction of providing and updating the information and source potential of audiovisual collections. The peculiarities of the British model of organization of archiving of audiovisual heritage and functional specifi cs of its separate subjects are revealed. It is concluded that in the future the main research interest should be focused on the formation of a network of regional audiovisual archives and modern strategies for audiovisual archiving with relevant practices.

Ukrainian

The relevance of the article stems from the need to collect and systemize reliable objective information about living conditions of the population at the local level. A necessary condition for managerial decision-making in economy and social policy is reliable estimation of the population’s living conditions united territorial communities (UTC). The article aims to cover the principles of organization and use of a system of indicators for living conditions of the population at the local level. To achieve this aim, general scientifi c methods are used, namely the method of generalization and the system method. The novelty of the article is the formulation of the principles of systematization of information on living conditions at the local level in the form of a system of indicators and the defi nition the tasks of such a system, as well as data sources for implementation these tasks. Based on Ukrainian approaches, “living conditions” are defi ned as a component of quality of life, which includes three groups of indicators: housing availability, quality characteristics of housing and the level of development and accessibility of social infrastructure. Also, to take into account the European experience of studying the living conditions of the population at the local level, for subjective assessments of satisfaction with life of the local population in the settlement, a particular section is introduced in the system of indicators. The focus of this article is on the subjective component, namely the ability to measure life satisfaction in the community and ways to use such subjective assessments within the system of indicators of living conditions at the local level. Satisfaction with life in the settlement is defi ned as an individual’s assessment of quality of own life according to a criterion chosen in a certain way. Several approaches to measuring life satisfaction in the settlement are introduced: approaches in which satisfaction with life is measured on the basis of one indicator, and approaches in which several indicators are used. If satisfaction with life is measured by one direct question, it is one indicator, but in the case of several statements that the respondent evaluates on a certain scale, each statement is a separate indicator. In the further analysis of the collected data such indicators can be analyzed separately or simultaneously by building a general index. Based on the interpretation of the concept of “living conditions”, this article identifi es three objectives for a system of indicators of living conditions of united territorial communities (UTC): monitoring of living conditions, identifying key problems for UTC and comparing diff erent UTCs on the basis of living conditions of the local population. For the fi rst and third objectives, among the possible sources of information, data from registers are offered, and for the second purpose we off er expert surveys, focus group discussions, open group discussions. The problems of data representation are also discussed in this article. Despite the data being quite fragmented, the format of their presentation should be easy for users (both local authorities and community activists and the media). One possible way to present such data is the format used within methodology of citizen report cards.

Земельні комітети в Україні у 1917-1918 рр.: нове бачення (за матеріалами Подільської губернії)

Introduction. Land issue and agrarian reform in the Ukrainian history of the twentieth century. is ofexceptional importance. On July 1, 2021, a law came into force in Ukraine, which launched the opening of the landmarket and allowed individuals - citizens of the country to sell or buy it. Land reform was one of the longest, as itbegan on March 15, 1991. The problem of reforming the agricultural sector became the most signifi cant duringthe Ukrainian Revolution, when it became the focus of various political forces and civil society, and its solutiondepended not only on the level of public confi dence in the government, but ultimately - the fate of the Ukrainianpeople. . The 100th anniversary of the revolution of 1917-1921 gives an occasion to return once again to that time,to rethink the experience of past agrarian reform in the context of current changes in agrarian policy.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze of the establishment and operation of land committees inUkraine. On the example of materials of the Podolsk province the basic directions of work of these bodies onpreparation of agrarian reform during March, 1917 - April, 1918, interaction are covered. land committees withthe government and the peasantry, their achievements, miscalculations and signifi cance for the adoption of newland legislation and solving the land problem.Methods. In the study of this topic were used general and special-historical principles, methods andapproaches. In particular, the following principles were applied: historicism, scientifi city, objectivity, systematics;general scientifi c methods - statistical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction; special-historical -historical-comparative, problem-chronological, historical-legal; approaches - modernization, complex, regional.Results. On the basis of the analysis of documents of Central State Archive of the highest authorities andadministration of Ukraine, State Archives of Vinnytsia Region the basic directions of work of land committeesdirected on carrying out agrarian reform in Ukraine in the absence of the clear legislation on a land questionare comprehensively investigated. An example for the study of this problem was the development of the Podolskprovince, which had certain features in the formation of land relations of this period.Originality. Originality lies in rethinking the current problem of solving the land issue in the years of theCentral Council in accordance with modern approaches to historical science. With the help of published andunpublished sources, the activities of land committees during their existence were comprehensively studied on theexample of Podolsk province.Conclusion. The Ukrainian peasantry has long believed that land is its main value and main means ofsubsistence, so the resolution of the land issue has become a cornerstone in any liberation struggle of the Ukrainianpeople throughout its history. With the revolution of 1917 began a new era in the settlement of the agrarian problem.The aggravation of land relations after the overthrow of the autocracy led to the adoption by the ProvisionalGovernment of a number of resolutions relating to the solution of agricultural problems and the adoption of landlaw. The preparation of materials for future transformations was entrusted to the land committees, which, inaddition to outlining the draft reform, were to solve pressing problems of agriculture, consider complaints, andresolve confl icts. As a result of censuses and polls conducted by local committees, it can be concluded that theaspirations of the peasants were aimed at the destruction of private land ownership, the introduction of equal landuse. Land committees had the exclusive right to dispose of land on the ground, but given the constant evolution ofUkrainian-era legislation on private land ownership, they could not do so on their own. The law proposed in theend failed to solve the main problem - the problem of land and led to an open confrontation between the peasantmasses and the authorities.

Профілактіка пожеж в українських селах на початку становлення тоталітарного режиму в УСРР (1928-1931 рр.)

Introduction. It is a well-known fact that fi re prevention is the best way to reduce fi res and casualtiesamong the population. Not in vain that the motto of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine is – «Prevent. Save.Help», where in the fi rst place is the prevention of accidents. During 2020, 101,279 fi res were registered in Ukraine,as a result of which 1,728 people died, and material losses from fi res amounted to 12 billions 606 millions 904thousands uah. That is why turning scientifi c interest to retrospective problems of fi re prevention in Ukrainianvillages is relevant and socially signifi cant, because taking into account domestic historical experience, in myopinion, could help improve the current system of preventive fi re prevention in rural areas.Purpose. The purpose of this scientifi c publication is researching the features of fi re prevention in the villagesof the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic at the beginning of the period of becoming of the totalitarian regime inthe USSR (1928-1931).Methods. The methodological basis of the article is a combination of general scientifi c methods of cognitionwith the using of scientifi c and critical analysis of sources. The subject of research determines the application ofmethods of analysis and synthesis, methods of empirical research, historical-comparative and historical-systemicmethods.Results. The author substantiate that the from 1928 to 1931, fi refi ghting in rural areas of Ukraine washandled by district and village bodies of state fi re supervision (SFS). The fi re communities of volunteers alsofought with fi res. The fi re communities of volunteers included fi re brigades of volunteers-fi refi ghters. The districtbodies of the SFS dealt with the following matters: management, control and care of fi re safety in all organizations(collective farms, state farms), institutions, warehouses, etc., which were located within a particular district. Thevillage bodies of the SFS were accountable to the district administration. Village fi re instructors and fi re chiefsas employees of rural fi re-fi ghting organizations monitored the state of fi re safety in settlements, collective farms,state farms and communes. They supervised the maintenance of fi re stations and rural fi refi ghting equipment. Theytook care of the condition of the reservoirs for the needs of fi re protection, and the entrances to them. In case ofany problems, the employees of the village bodies of the SFS appealed to the village council in order to quicklyeliminate the shortcomings.The author study that the state fi re control bodies of the USSR in the late 1920s - in the early 1930s, werecreated and approved the fi re safety rules for collective farms, state farms, machine-tractor stations, machinetractor workshops, etc. The members of rural fi re brigades and organizations relied on these instructions in thematter of proper preventive maintenance of the state of fi re safety in the villages of the USSR in the historicalperiod, which is investigating.The author substantiate that the any collective farm, state farm in the USSR had to be provided with adequatewater supply in accordance with the rules and instructions of industrial construction, approved in 1929. If ruralorganizations were located near water bodies, regardless of the water supply system, they had to equip a site withfi re barrels and pumps, to which a good paved road was to lead. It was forbidden to clutter up playgrounds anddriveways, in winter the peasants had to clear them of snow. This was followed by fi re village elders.Originality. The problems of fi re prevention in Ukrainian villages in this historical period have not beeninvestigated by ukrainian and foreign scientists. Therefore, the scientifi c novelty of this work, according to theauthor, does not cause objections.Conclusion. Despite certain problems, coordinated activities between district and village bodies of the SFSand offi cials responsible for fi re prevention in collective farms, state farms, machine-tractor stations, machinetractor workshops in the USSR in 1928-1931 led to gradual reduction of the level of «fi re» in Ukrainian villages.Scientifi c research on fi re prevention in Ukrainian villages during the heyday of the totalitarian regime in theUSSR, as well as in the postwar period, is promising

Ukrainian

The article deals with modern features of self-organization of population in Ukraine from the point of view of accumulation of social capital. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristics of the infl uence of self-organization on the development of social capital, taking into account the directions of modern transformational changes in Ukrainian society. Research methods: general scientifi c methods of analysis and synthesis are used to collect, process and systematize research results; abstract-logical to establish the relationship between self-organization and social capital; statistical to collect and systematize data; comparison method - to identify whether the dynamics of various forms of self-organization correspond to the needs of society; induction and deduction - to justify the prerequisites for strengthening social capital through self-organization. The basic theoretical approaches to the interconnection of the concepts of social capital and self-organization of the population are summarized. On the basis of generalizations, a scheme of infl uence of self-organization on the accumulation of social capital is developed, which refl ects the ways of accumulation of social capital and determinants of self-organization. The interconnection of the concepts of selforganization of the population and its social capital, which is realized through the norms of interaction, character of values and structure of civic involvement, is established. It is proved that the presence of a suffi cient level of social capital, manifested in trust, solidarity, identity and responsibility, is one of the main determinants of self-organization. The levels of selforganization of the population are distinguished with the identifi cation of peculiarities of in fl uence of social capital on each of them. The i nfl uence of modern basic structural transformations in society on the self-organization of the population in the context of social capital accumulation is evaluated. The c lassifi cation of forms of self-organization on the basis of association (production and consumer interests, values, territory of residence, volume and speed of threats) is carried out. The dynamics of the main forms of self-organization of the population are analyzed and it is found that it refl ects the transformations in the society that are under the infl uence of reforms, but its volumes do not meet the needs of public activity of the population and are not the result of a suffi cient level of social capital, but rather a response to contemporary challenges in society. The prerequisites for strengthening social capital through self-organization, which include identifying and supporting initiative groups of the population, forming a system of feedback from the authorities with the public, professionalizing and expanding the subjects of social dialogue, securing against formalization and creating transparent conditions for the activities of diff erent forms of self-organization, are substantiated, upgrading the skills of civil servants through the formation of public relations competencies.

Theoretical aspects of collective investment in the international financial market

The global fi nancial crisis of 2008–2009 and the crisis of the end of 2014–2015 had a negative impact on the state of the collective investment market, which became a constraining factor for its development. These problems of the formation and development of the market for collective investments in Russia, including mutual funds, dictate the need for theoretical research on these issues and their practical implementation. This determined the relevance and signifi cance of the chosen research topic. The concept of «collective investment» has not been suffi ciently researched in the works of Russian and foreign economists, it is not contained in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation. That is why this topic is relevant: there are a large number of unexplored issues that need to be considered. The purpose of this research is to study and generalize the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation and development of mutual funds and ETFs as one of the most promising forms of collective investment. The main research methods used a systematic approach, statistical and economic analysis, and other general scientifi c methods. The article examines the aspects of collective investment in the international fi nancial market, as well as the mechanism of the collective investment market functioning. Moreover, a comparative description of mutual funds and ETFs are presented. In the course of research activities, directions for the development of mutual funds and ETFs were proposed as important elements of the collective investment system. The implementation of these proposals will increase the role of mutual funds and ETFs in the collective investment market in Russia and abroad, stabilize their reliability and attractiveness for investors.

Ukrainian

Th is article is devoted to the issues of formation and functioning of innovative social work practices in Ukraine. Its purpose is to highlight the best examples of innovative social work practices for vulnerable groups in the country and to analyze the possibilities for their further application. Th e relevance of the study, on the one hand, is conditioned by the humanization of approaches to building relationships between the individual and the social protection system, the appearance at the state level of the requirements for the quality of social services, which are refl ected in the activities of social services, creating certain new models of work with socially vulnerable groups of citizens, and on the other hand it is conditioned by the severity and unresolvedness of a number of social problems related to the social protection of vulnerable populations. Such general scientifi c methods as generalization and analogies logical analysis are used for realization of the purpose. Innovative prac- tices are practices in the fi eld of social work practices for vulnerable groups, which have emerged as new ways of meeting the urgent needs of social service clients and aiming to achieve the most eff ective result both in solving the problems of individuals in need and social problems in general. Th e author proposes the algorithm for the formation of innovative social work practice, which covers all stages from the identifi cation of the need for such practice to the beginning of the functioning of an innovative practice. It is found that case management and integrated social services are the most widespread among innovative practices in the fi eld of social work in Ukraine. Th e article analyzes the specifi cs of both innovative practices and identifies and justifies the ways of their further development. Both practices have proven their eff ectiveness and fl exibility in solving specifi c social problems, and therefore the possibilities of their application (including in the newly created territorial communities) are expected to be expand in the future. Combined, these practices are able to ensure the high effi ciency of the domestic social service delivery system.

Labour Potential of the Arctic Regions of the European Russia

The work considered the possibilities and directions of evolution of demographic development of the Arctic region, analyzed some characteristics of the labor potential of the population living in the Arctic regions of the European part of Russia.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of attracting the local population and the need to employment specialists from other regions of Russia for the development of the Arctic.To achieve the goal of the study, general scientifi methods were used — the collection and analysis of data from state statistics and sample surveys. The use of a systematic approach made it possible to comprehensively assess the situation on the territory under study and substantiate the possibilities for its development.Analysis of the quantitative characteristics of the labor potential of the studied regions showed a stable negative dynamics throughout the post-Soviet period. A number of reasons have been identifi that contribute to the outfl of population from the Arctic regions, the most important of which are the low standard of living compared to the Russian average, as well as the ineff functioning of the mechanisms of northern guarantees and compensation. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of labor potential, in particular, the level of education of the population can be increased due to the existing educational potential of neighboring regions.Conclusions about the need to attract people from the regions of the middle zone of Russia for the Arctic are made.

Культурна політика Комісії Європейського Союзу

The aim of the work is to comprehensively study the cultural policy of one of the main supranational institutions of the EU institutional system – the European Commission. To achieve this goal, the legal documents that defi ne thelegal status of the powers, functions, place and role of the European Commission in the process of European integration are analyzed, the content, directions and mechanisms of its cultural policy which is carried out in conjunction with the concepts of European governance and the construction of the information society are characterized. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the acts of secondary law initiated by the European Commission, cultural programs and projects that refl ect the priority of EU cultural policy, the strategic composition of integration processes within it – preservation and approval of European cultural heritage. The chronological boundaries of the study cover the beginning of 1990–2018 – a period of profound transformations in the cultural policy of the EU, a signifi cant increase in its role in the system of integration strategies, the formation of a single European cultural space. The methodology of research of the article includes: general scientifi c (historical, logical, systemic, structural-functional, classifi cations, logicalsemantic) and special-scientifi c (defi nitive analysis, historical-chronological, source analysis and synthesis) methods, use of terminological apparatus of jurisprudence, European law, theories of public administration. Scientifi c novelty, given the limited research in Ukrainian archival science on this topic, is a comprehensive coverage of European experience in legislative development of cultural heritage and its components – archival and audiovisual heritage, the introduction of effective management mechanisms, the latest information and communication technologies, modern digital standards, preservation of cultural content. The conclusions substantiate the need to study this experience and its adaptation to solving problems and tasks of the state archives.

Український національний рух на Полтавщині напередодні Першої світової війни

The conditions of formation the Ukrainian national consciousness before the outbreak of the First World War is studied on the basis of gendarmerie documents, mostly about circumstances of celebrating the 100th anniversary of Taras Shevchenko’s birth in different parts of Poltava Region. The methodology is based on general scientifi c methods, in particular analysis of documents of personal origin (memoirs of M. Kovalevsky and censored letters) and reports of gendarmerie offi cials of Poltava Regional Gendarmerie Department. The scientifi c novelty is the introduction of new archival documents. Most of the events mentioned in the article were apolitical in nature, they became an evidence of the processes of spreading national consciousness among the population and the formulation of political goals of the movement. The political goal of the Ukrainian national movement, despite apolitical of its manifestations, was understood by gendarmerie offi cials, who described it less and less as «Ukrainophile» and more and more often as «Mazepian» and «separatist». The article presents events on the occasion of Shevchenko’s celebrations in Boryspil, Zinkiv, Konstantinograd, Kremenchuk, Lokhvytsia, Myrhorod, Poltava, Pryluky, Romny. It is noted that the initiators of the actions were cultural and educational organizations: clubs, theater groups, choirs, reading rooms and bookstores. Only in Myrhorod did the movement acquire a political orientation. There, in February 1914, a group of supporters of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party was exposed. Two censored letters of the leader of the Myrhorod Ukrainian group Volodymyr Yaroshenko to his mother and to the prominent Ukrainian artist and architect Opanas Slastion are published for the fi rst time. The letters refl ect the development of Ukrainian affairs in the town and connection of V. Yaroshenko with other centers. The conclusions assert that at the beginning of 1914 the Ukrainian National Movement gained a mass character, which manifested itself in actions on the occasion of honoring the memory of Taras Shevchenko in Poltava Region. However, this movement did not have a united organized political structure.  

Портал «Архіви Європи» та репрезентація України в європейському просторі оцифрованого культурного надбання

The purpose of research. The article updates for the fi rst time the information about the representation of Ukrainian archival institutions on European portals of representation of digital copies of cultural heritage. The research is based on archival documents, special literature and information messages from open sources (Internet media and offi cial web portals of Ukrainian and European authorities). The methodological basis is the general scientifi c principles of objectivity, systematics, historicism. In order to analyze the functioning of information resources of European documentary heritage, system-structural and comparative research methods were used. Research results. The problem of improper representation of Ukrainian archives in European digital cultural heritage projects is outlined. In particular, the basic principles of work, purpose of creation and practice of the sites «Europeana. eu» and «Archivesportaleurope.net» are described. There are described the process of creation and attempts to present on these portals the fi rst Ukrainian archival collections: «Trident – a symbol of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921» from the fonds of the Branch State Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine and the collection «The Unique Documents of the National Archival Holdings» from the web portal of the State Archival Service of Ukraine. The importance of disseminating in the digital space documents with the image of the state emblem of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in order to inform the European environment about the longevity of state traditions of the Ukrainian people and the tradition of using state symbols. Prospects for further research. The State Archival Service of Ukraine intends to act as the offi cial representative of the web portal «Archives of Europe» in Ukraine and further provide advisory and methodological assistance to Ukrainian archives on the online placement of digitized archival documents. In the long run, this experience should be useful for all public and private archives of Ukraine and will help to ensure a dignifi ed representation of Ukraine in the European space of digitized cultural heritage.

Удосконалення планово-звітної документації в контексті модернізації архівної статистики

The purpose of the article is to identify some problematic aspects of the planning and reporting documentation of archival institutions and to suggest ways to improve it in order to improve the quality of statistical support for the development of the archival industry. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientifi c (historical, logical, systemic, structural-functional, classifi cation, logical-semantic) and special-scientifi c (analysis and synthesis, expert assessments, analogies, comparative comparison, logical generalization) methods of studying issues, the application of which allows to achieve the set goal and fi nd out the prospects of further studies. Scientifi c novelty. Given the limited study in Ukrainian archival science of this topic and its terminological aspect in particular, proposed the defi nition of the term “archival statistics”. The formation and practice of application of planning and reporting documentation of archival institutions is studied, the changes that have taken place in its structure are determined. Conclusions. Based on the practice of applying the current planning and reporting documentation of archival institutions and processing data of permanent statistical observation, the main problems of the statistical observation system in the archival fi eld are considered. The need to update the structure and system of indicators of planning and reporting documentation is emphasized. The needs for identity in terminology, clear recommendations for accounting and data collection have been identifi ed. The importance of common approaches appropriate for use in such a system is emphasized; the proposals and remarks of archival specialists on improving the forms of planning and reporting documentation are analyzed and generalized. Urgent tasks have been formulated to improve the system of statistical indicators, also by creating and implementing a single electronic database focused on ensuring the organization of an automated process for submitting planning and reporting documentation, as well as prompt processing and obtaining statistical information. It is substantiated that theoretical-methodological and practical bases of development of archival statistics in new conditions.

Процеси цифровізації та забезпечення збереженості документів НАФ (запровадження ініціативного проєкту «ТОПАЗ» у ЦДНТА України)

The aim of the work is to highlight the experience of the Central State Scientifi c and Technical Archives of Ukraine (CDNTA of Ukraine) in the realization of the initiative project «TOPAZ» («TOPology of Archival Storage»). The study methodology provides for the use of general scientifi c and specifi c methods of archival science to consideration the problems of description and storage of National Archival Holding of documents. Work with stakeholders was carried out by their identifi cation and organizing an extensive discussion of the main guidelines of the «TOPAZ» project. The developers were guided by the SWOT methodology, evaluating its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, related to its achievement. The scientifi c novelty is in characterization of the conceptual framework and coverage of the execution of the «TOPAZ» project. The suggested approach is used for the fi rst time in archival practice. The ultimate plan is to create in the archives an integrated search system electronic identifi cation of storage objects, aimed at strengthening control on condition and movement of documents, to accelerate improve their search in storage by using digital technologies for ready access to required information using two-dimensional QR-codes. This project consists of three levels of description. Each of them is consistent with the concept of the archival storage object, which is used by ensuring preservation of documents department workers in the performance of their functional duties: I – the level of the archival box; ІІ – the level of storage unit; III – the level of document. The information is updated by fi lling electronic TOPAZ-cards of the approved form. Conclusions. A detailed description of the «TOPAZ» project is provided; organizational and logistical support of its implementation is conceptualized. The «TOPAZ» project established at the CDNTA of Ukraine is being implemented fairly well. In advance on condition its fi nalization (including the development and adoption of a discrete software product) and continued introduction the system of electronic identifi cation of archival storage may become a part of the modern SMART-archives, the CDNTA of Ukraine is on track to achieve this target.

International Protection of Human Rights and the Activity of Transnational Corporations.

INTRODUCTION. This study analyzes available remedies for victims who have suffered harm from business activity of transnational corporations. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of available remedies for the protection human rights of individuals from adverse impacts of the business activity of TNCs. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to fulfill the following tasks: to consider the obligations of TNCs in modern international law, the role of states in the protecting human rights against the business activities of TNCs, examine the content of the right to an effective remedy, and characterize the existing remedies for the individuals.MATERIALS AND METHODS. During the research the latest theoretical studies of leading Western scholars was analyzed, as well as the regulatory documents, recommendations and reports of the human rights treaty bodies, international human rights treaties and extensive court practice of the ECHR. For this study formal logical, general scientifi , comparative legal and private scientific methods has been applied. RESEARCH RESULTS. In recent years, the importance of soft law in the field of international business and human rights has been increasingly strengthened. The UN Guiding principles on Business and Human Rights have become the basis for a draft legally binding instrument to regulate, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations. It should be noted that the latest innovations in the draft related to the introduction of environmental rehabilitation as one of the mandatory forms of redress. Indeed, when considering mass violations of human rights by transnational corporations, we oft n encounter with serious damage to the environment, as a result of which environmental rights are violated. Increasing cases of such violations have led to the need to improve international and domestic remedies.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The study concluded that a remedy would be effective if it would be affordable, acceptable, adequate and timely. An effective remedy against the activities of TNCs should provide an adequate compensation or the leveling of the damage caused and bring TNCs to account for human rights violations in order to ensure such compensation. In turn, access to remedies consists of two interrelated elements: the existence of a grievance mechanism that provides a redress for business-related damage and the availability to the mechanism by aff cted persons. Access to remedies should be provided without discrimination on any of the prohibited grounds and should take into account the situation of vulnerable groups. The approach to the calculation of compensation or the choice of remedy should be individualized, taking into account the social and legal status of the victim.

Київська казенна палата у документах Державного архіву Київської області

The archive fonds «Kyiv Treasury Chamber, Kyiv» (F. 280), which is stored in the State Archives of Kyiv Region, was inspected. The research methodology is based on general scientifi c and special methods. General scientifi c methods used in the study: comparative method, analogies; analysis and synthesis, deduction, systems approach, classifi cation and typology. Special archival methods include retrospective method, historical, scientifi c heuristics, critique of sources. These methods allowed to study the structure of the archival fonds, analyze and characterize the structural elements and identify documents. Scientifi c novelty. Based on the analysis of the archival fonds «Kyiv Treasury Chamber, Kyiv» (F. 280), a description of the composition of the fonds is given, the main powers and functions of the state chambers are determined. Case descriptions are systematized on a chronological basis in accordance with the structural units of the Kyiv Treasury Chamber. It is determined that the archival fonds of the Kyiv Treasury Chamber has a signifi cant number of various documents, which are grouped by structural and chronological characteristics. Based on the quantitative composition of the documents of the archival fonds, it was found that a signifi cant part of the documentation of the Kyiv Treasure Chamber is the result of the work of the audit, general and treasury departments. A description of the management documentation of each department of the chamber is also given. The results of the research are formed in the conclusions, namely: the general quantitative characteristic of the documents of the archival fonds is given. Documents of the Kyiv Treasury Chamber are grouped into 82,000 archival fi les. In turn, the list of cases is systematized in 215 descriptions, designed to record and disclose the content of documents. It is stated that the archival fonds of the Kyiv State Chamber has absorbed a signifi cant array of diverse information, which can serve as a wide fi eld for the study of economic, political, demographic and social history of Ukraine.

Заколоти серед запорожців під час дунайських походів 1771–1773 років

There is highlighted the involvement of the Cossacks by the Russian government in the Danube campaigns of 1771–1773, the formation of the Danube Thousand Commands, their role in the Russo-Turkish war, in particular, in conducting military intelligence and participation in joint military operations with the Russian army. The reaction of the Russian authorities and Kosh to the riots among the Cossacks of the Danube teams is shown. In addition, reports of the Zaporozhian offi cer to Kosh Ataman P. Kalnyshevsky and Kosh, Kosh warrants, military reports to the commander of the First Army P. Rumyantsev about the revolt of the Cossacks of the Danube teams due to late payment, lack of provisions, unfair distribution of awards are published. Most documents, including reports by Generals G. Potemkin and A. Suvorov, are published for the fi rst time. The purpose of the study is to clarify the events, to reveal unknown facts, in particular: the formation of the Cossacks of the Danube thousand teams, the implementation of the Cossacks military intelligence and landing operations; mechanisms of material encouragement of Cossacks; clarifi cation of the circle of persons who were involved in the organization of the uprisings; establishing the causes and consequences of the uprisings among the Cossacks of the Danube teams. The research methodology is based on general scientifi c methods of analysis, historicism, comparison, detailing using archival heuristics. The scientifi c novelty of the study lies in the introduction into scientifi c circulation of a much larger amount of archival material than researchers of the 19 – early 20 centuries, which allowed to show a broader picture of the Cossack uprisings against the background of the Russo-Turkish war of 1768–1774. Prospects for further research on the participation of the Cossacks in Russia’s war with the Ottoman Porte in 1768–1774 became clearer due to the clarifi cation of the list of colonels and offi cers of the Danube teams and the publication of archeographically processed documents. The conclusions show that the revolts among the Cossacks of the Danube thousand teams were due to reduced discipline, late payment of money, unfair distribution of rewards, supply disruptions and lack of provisions, which in turn was caused by corruption and abuse of offi cers and clerks. However, all this does not detract from the contribution of the Cossacks to the victory of the Russian army in the war with the Ottoman Porte of 1768–1774.

Нововиявлені автографи українського поета і громадського діяча М. Т. Рильського

There is given the review of documents related to the family life of Ukrainian classic poet and public fi gure M. T. Rylsky (1895–1964). These documents, found out in the collection of the State Archives of Kyiv City were unknown to researchers or general public, although some of the facts described in the documents were known to the family and those, who studied biography of T. R. Rylsky, his sons and grandson. Among these sources are the autographs of the poet. The documents apply to M. T. Rylsky’s residence in Kyiv. Therefore, the purpose of the publication is to highlight these fi ndings for scientifi c targets and to popularize these rare archival sources. Research methods. The research is based on general scientifi c methods (objective-factual, historical, analyticalcomparative). The scientifi c novelty of the publication. The documents discovered by the author relate to the death of poet’s brother Ivan and the giving birth by the wife of M. T. Rylsky’s, Kateryna Mykolaivna, to their fi rst son, Bohdan. These archival sources (personal documents of family members) are described fi rstly, researched and introduced into scientifi c community. Thanks to these documents and recently published sources, some facts of life of M. T. Rylsky and his family in Kyiv in the 1930s have been clarifi ed. There is also given the information about the personal fi le of the student of the Medical Faculty of Kyiv University M. T. Rylsky, that is stored in the State Archives of Kyiv City. The article also presents family photo of 1900, which depicts the poet’s parents, young Maksym and his two older brothers, including Ivan, noticed in the study, and another family friend – a prominent ethnographer J. V. Yurkevych. Conclusions. The State Archives of Kyiv City is a treasury of documentary sources. There is preserved also the decision of the Executive Committee of Kyiv City Council dated by 1965 about renaming of Radyanska Street to Maksym Rylsky Street in order to perpetuate the memory about the poet. Copies of the documents can be used in literary museums, museums of M. T. Rylsky in Ukraine, in researches about life and work of poet, in archival exhibitions. The documents expand the source base about life of M. T. Rylsky and his family.

Штрихи до біографії діяча українського повстанського руху часів Другої світової війни Тараса Бульби-Боровця (1908–1981) (за документами ЦДАЗУ)

The main milestones of the life of the founder of the «Polissya Sich» and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army Taras Dmytrovych Bulba-Borovets (1908–1981), his military and political activities during the Second World War and the period of postwar emigration are highlighted. The research methodology is based on general scientifi c, historical and interdisciplinary methods. Biographical facts of military-political activity of T. Bulba-Borovets are considered and presented according to the principles of scientifi city, historicism and objectivity. Scientifi c novelty. Based on the documents of the Central State Archive of Foreign Archival Ucrainica (TsDAZU), the biographical data on the life and military activity of the organizer of the armed resistance in Polissya in the fi rst years of the Nazi occupation of Ukraine, the founder of the «Polissya Sich» and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army T. Bulba-Borovets were supplemented and clarifi ed. The main focus is on his life in exile in Germany, namely the period 1954–1955, as the lack of sources in the works of modern researchers there are false allegations about the movement of T. Bulba-Borovets to the United States at the turn of 1940s – 1950s . However, the documents of TsDAZU testify to the active activity of T. Bulba-Borovets at least until the end of 1955 in Germany, where he headed the military organization created by him in 1947 from among the former combatants – the Ukrainian National Guard (UNG). Also, based on published sources, in particular foreign periodicals, it was possible to establish the participation of T. Bulba-Borovets in leading positions in the organization of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine (SVU) in the late 1950s – early 1960s after his move to the United States. The conclusions state the researchers’ scientifi c interest in the fi gure of T. Bulba-Borovets mainly during the Second World War, when he was commander of the «Polissya Sich» – UPA, and insuffi cient study of his military and socio-political activities in the postwar period. Little-known pages in the biography of T. Bulba-Borovets today are the last one and a half decades of his life, when he retired from active public life due to deteriorating health.