General Psychology Research Articles

Functioning of Declarative Memory: Intersection between Neuropsychology and Mathematics

The understanding of memory has been a constant challenge for scientific research for centuries. The mnemonic processes, which determine the identity of the human being, have been investigated through multiple points of view, such as the psychological, neurophysiological and physical ones. The result is complex and multifaceted visions that should be integrated to provide a unitary and complete interpretation. A survey of the most recent scientific literature is carried out on the functioning of declarative memory, to analyse the relationship between real information coming from the outside world, the encoded event and the recovered memory. The aim of the essay is to investigate the neural correlates, which regulate the cognitive system in question, through a dual neuropsychological-mathematical interpretation. Neuropsychology sheds light on the anatomical, physiological and psychic mechanisms of memory while Mathematics associates the corresponding mathematical configurations to neural networks. The reunification process between the two disciplines is achieved through neuromorphic computational simulation that emulates mind uploading. The assembly of artificial neurons has the potential to clarify in detail the memory processes, the functioning of neural correlates and to carry out the mapping of the biological brain. We hope that the results obtained will provide new knowledge on mnestic mechanisms to contribute to the evolution of disciplines such as General Psychology, Forensic Neuroscience, Cognitive Rehabilitation and Awake Surgery.

Istoricheskij analiz otraslevogo stanovleniya pedagogicheskoj psihologii

The history of pedagogical psychology is organically connected with educational, educational and pedagogical science. It is based on the development of social thought, the culture of the people, the achievements of science and especially general and age psychology. In all epochs, the teacher, the school, performing certain educational tasks, took into account the social, age, sexual characteristics of the physical and psychological development of the subject of education and upbringing-the child. It is in this understanding that the elements of pedagogical psychology are found in pedagogical practice and in various teachings of ancient times. It is worth mentioning the emergence of pedagogical psychologism in pedagogy, whose representatives considered it necessary to take into account the mental characteristics of students in the process of education and upbringing.

Review of Max Wertheimer, Productive thinking.

Reviews the book, Max Wertheimer, Productive Thinking by Viktor Sarris (2020). This volume contains a reproduction of the original edition of Max Wertheimer's study of productive thinking, published posthumously in 1945, with a brief preface and a more extensive introduction by Viktor Sarris, Professor Emeritus of General Psychology and former holder of the Max Wertheimer Chair at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main. In his introduction, Sarris briefly summarizes the 1920 study, and then provides a chapter by chapter account of the 1945 volume's content, summarizing the results in a section called "Wertheimer's Credo." The original edition of Productive Thinking has been out of print for some time, as has a second edition, with an additional article by Wertheimer, published in 1959 by his son Michael Wertheimer, himself a professor of psychology. An expanded edition was published in 1982, but is now also out of print. This republication of the original text offers an opportunity to libraries as well as students of teachers of psychology to acquaint themselves with a classical study, which is infused with the lively spirit of inquiry characteristic of its author, but is more often cited than read. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

"I Have No Capacities That Can Help Me": Young Asylum Seekers in Norway and Serbia - Flight as Disturbance of Developmental Processes.

Most studies on refugee populations are organized around trauma-related issues and focus on explaining pathological factors. Few studies are anchored in general developmental psychology with the aim of exploring normal age-specific developmental tasks and how the special circumstances associated with forced migration can influence how developmental tasks are negotiated. This study is part of a larger mixed method study seeking to identify resilience-promoting and resilience-inhibiting factors, on individual and contextual levels, among asylum seekers and refugees on the move (passing through Serbia) and settled in reception centers in Norway. A strategic sample of 20 adolescent and young adult refugees/asylum seekers during flight in Serbia (10) and after arrival in Norway (10) was chosen from a sample of 178 refugees interviewed in depth in Serbia and at receptions centers in Norway. The sample reflects the focus of this paper, which is to explore adolescent and young adult refugees/asylum seekers’ psychological and social needs and resources during flight to and after arrival in the host country, including how developmental tasks are negotiated. Through qualitative analysis, experiences associated with the developmental changes the participants experienced before, during, and after flight are contextualized. Their sense of self, their relationships with their families and their perceptions of their situation as adolescents or young adults in a highly unpredictable situation are presented in the light of relevant theory and findings from similar refugee studies. All the participants have fled from dangerous and intolerable situations in their home countries. They describe extreme dangers during flight in contexts that are unpredictable and where they feel lonely and unsupported. Most have unmet psychosocial needs and have received little support or help for their mental health issues during flight or after arrival in Norway. Suggestions for interventions and resilience-promoting actions are given based on the findings of the study.

Foucault's Formative Years

Foucault's Formative Years Paul Allen Miller (bio) Review of Stuart Elden, The Early Foucault, Cambridge Polity Press 2021. xiv + 280 pp. Stuart Elden has become the definitive chronicler of Foucault's intellectual evolution. The Early Foucault is the third in what will ultimately be a four-volume history. The series began with Foucault's Last Decade (2016). While the first volume was originally intended as a stand-alone work, it immediately became clear to the publisher and the reviewers alike that this approach should be extended to the whole of Foucault's intellectual life. Elden has created what is in effect a kind of Bible for Foucault scholars, a series of works that any serious student of Foucault simply must consult. Elden is careful not to call his work a biography to distinguish it from the admirable work of David Macey and Didier Eribon on the life of Foucault as well as the gossip-filled scandalmongering of the regrettable James Miller. Elden focuses on Foucault's published work, not in terms of a close reading of his texts, although he is a more than competent interpreter, but in terms of how they came to be, on their intellectual genealogy. How did arguments come together? Who were Foucault's interlocutors? What sources did he consult? Elden's work in the Foucault archives housed in the Bibliothèque Nationale as well as those found in the Institut Mémoires de l'Édition Contemporaine is extraordinarily thorough and meticulous. For the present volume he has also consulted archives in Uppsala and Hamburg, where Foucault worked in the 1950s, and the personal archives of such early mentors as Louis Althusser, Georges Canguilhem, Georges Dumézil, and Jean Hyppolite. Elden does not ignore issues in Foucault's personal life, but he explores them only to the extent that they are relevant to his oeuvre. Thus, in the current volume there is a short discussion of Foucault's relationship (1953–55) with the young serialist composer Jean Barraqué, but the focus is on their mutual intellectual influence, with particular regard to Foucault's early interest in Nietzsche. Foucault would later observe that Barraqué's and Boulez's serialist music had an analogous effect on his intellectual formation to that of Nietzsche himself, creating a "rupture in the dialectical universe" (124). [End Page 343] The telos of this volume is the writing of Foucault's major thesis for his doctorat d'État, what would eventually become known as Histoire de la folie or, according to the greatly abridged version that was first translated into English and was long the only version available, Madness and Civilization. The story begins in 1945 when Foucault moved to Paris and matriculated at the Lycée Henri IV, where he enrolled in the preparatory course for the entrance exam for the École normale supérieure (ENS) and first encountered the great Hegel scholar Jean Hyppolite, who was briefly his instructor in philosophy there. At Henri IV, Foucault studied a comprehensive liberal arts curriculum that focused on philosophy, literature, and history in French, German, Latin, and Greek. He entered the ENS in 1946 and was awarded a licence in philosophy in 1948 and a second in psychology in 1949, with an advanced diploma in general psychology from the Paris Institut de Psychologie that same year. This pairing of the disciplines set the intellectual agenda for Foucault for the following decade, as he both deepened and expanded his philosophical knowledge and gained theoretical and practical knowledge of psychology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis. Elden provides thorough coverage of the scope of Foucault's philosophical education, detailing each of his professors and their respective specialties. In 1949, Foucault submitted the equivalent of an MA thesis on "The Constitution of a Transcendental in Hegel's Phenomenology of the Spirit" under the direction of Hyppolite. He then immediately began studying under the direction of Althusser for the aggrégation, the national exam given each year that qualifies you to teach philosophy, which he passed with high marks on the second attempt, in 1951. He began his teaching career in 1952 with an appointment in Lille, while also lecturing at the ENS. Elden reconstructs the substance of Foucault's...

Г. И. Челпанов и ученики: результаты коллективной научной деятельности сотрудников Психологического института (1912–1923 гг.)

The article presents the analysis of the titles and contents of 1912–1923 publications to summarize the main results of collective scientific activities under G. I. Chelpanov‘s guidance. The collective work resulted in: 1) identifying and exploring the subject field of general psychology; 2) developing methods of applied psychological research; 3) providing teaching and learning materials for teaching psychology, philosophy, and pedagogy. The study has revealed the interdisciplinary specificity and fundamental focus of the research work of the team. The author has shown significance of both fundamental and practical focus of the research in general psychology for formation of psychological education, research, and ensuring human capital development of national scientific research.

Cybersecurity ontology and defense solutions: the POC platform

The paper presents the Platform Ontology of Cybersecurity (POC) as developed by the Pragmema team for big data analytics and early detection of cybersecurity incidents as needed in operational defense systems. The modeling of knowledge representation for threat intelligence, info sharing, and incidents reports is based on the theoretical assumptions provided by general linguistics (specifically text linguistics and pragmalinguistics), semantics and cognitive psychology in an AI perspective and turned into neural networks DDBB.

ПРОФЕСІЙНИЙ ВІДБІР: ТЕОРІЯ І ПРАКТИКА, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article is devoted to theoretical and practical issues of professional selection. The authors draw attention to the forced need for Ukraine to repel military aggression from the Russian Federation. All the forces of society and the economy of the country are aimed at fighting the aggressor, and at the same time, every scientist in his workplace should contribute to the development of scientific research that will help strengthen the security and defense forces of our country. One of the directions for the formation of highly professional special units of the security and defense forces is the introduction and improvement of scientifically based stages of the professional selection of candidates for service in the relevant units of the Armed Forces, NGU, SSU, FIS of Ukraine and other components of the armed forces. security and defense forces. It is proved that the theory and practice of professional selection, methods and forms of its organization are based on the advanced achievements of modern science. In particular, legal, general and social psychology, psychophysiology, ergonomics, engineering psychology, psychodiagnostics, neuropsychology, psychiatry, physiology of higher nervous activity, psychocorrection and psychotherapy. All modern achievements of human science and its relationship with technical means, systems, modern weapons and the environment in the process of official activity can be used for professional selection. Taking into account the physical and mental characteristics and abilities of a person to act in extreme situations is the main issue in the professional selection of candidates for service in special units of the security and defense forces. The article notes that the First and Second World Wars served as a powerful stimulus for the development and implementation of professional psychological selection. For many types of military professions, professiograms and psychograms have been compiled that describe the professionally important qualities that actors should possess. In a difficult situation of military aggression from the Russian Federation, domestic military psychologists hone their skills in extreme conditions, apply psychological tests and professional methods in conditions of scarcity, find and develop new approaches to the process of professional selection. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to further study the existing methods and techniques of professional selection, which have proven themselves especially well at the present stage. Psychologists of the security and defense forces gain invaluable practical experience in the field of professional selection. This practical experience should be studied, systematized, generalized and found a scientific basis for further use.

Can a new role, the (Trainee) Associate Psychological Practitioner (T/APP), add value in General Practice? Results from the pilot year evaluation.

The deployment of (Trainee) Associate Psychological Practitioners (T/APPs) to deliver brief psychological interventions focusing on preventing mental health deterioration and promoting emotional wellbeing in General Practice settings is a novel development in the North West of England. As the need and demand for psychological practitioners increases, new workforce supply routes are required to meet this growth. To evaluate the clinical impact and efficacy of the mental health prevention and promotion service, provided by the T/APPs and the acceptability of the role from the perspective of the workforce and the role to T/APPs, patients and services. A mixed-methods design was used. To evaluate clinical outcomes, patients completed measures of wellbeing (WEMWBS), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and resilience (BRS) at the first session, final session and at a 4-6 week follow-up. Paired-samples t-tests were conducted comparing scores from session 1 and session 4, and session 1 and follow-up for each of the four outcome measures. To evaluate acceptability, questionnaires were sent to General Practice staff, T/APPs and patients to gather qualitative and quantitative feedback on their views of the T/APP role. Quantitative responses were collated and summarised. Qualitative responses were analysed using inductive summative content analysis to identify themes. T-test analysis revealed clinically and statistically significant reductions in depression and anxiety and elevations in wellbeing and resiliency between session 1 and session 4, and at follow-up. Moderate-large effect sizes were recorded. Acceptability of the T/APP role was established across General Practice staff, T/APPs and patients. Content analysis revealed two main themes: positive feedback and constructive feedback. Positive sub-themes included accessibility of support, type of support, patient benefit and primary care network benefit. Constructive sub-themes included integration of the role and limitations to the support. The introduction of T/APPs into General Practice settings to deliver brief mental health prevention and promotion interventions is both clinically effective and acceptable to patients, General Practice staff and psychology graduates.

Всероссийская научная конференция "омские научные чтения"

The results of the work of the V All-Russian Scientific Conference “Omsk Scientific Readings”, organized on the basis of the Omsk State University named after F. M. Dostoevsky from November 7 to December 2, 2022. An overview of the topics of reports presented at sections organized by the Department of General and Social Psychology of the Faculty of Economics, Psychology, Management: “Social work: problems and solutions”, “Becoming a professional: methodology, technology, experience”, “Organizational psychology and business psychology: current trends”, “Family psychology and close relationships”.

Psychological Interpretation of Ideological and Political Education: Ideological and Political Education Concept and Case Analysis of General Psychology

三仓出版社主要从事中文国际开源期刊的出版与发行，期刊领域涵盖工程技术、数学与物理、人文社会、信息科学、经济与管理、医药卫生、农业、地球环境等学科，借助互联网思维及现代信息技术，立足国内高校及研究机构的科研需求，力图推动中国学术界知识的交流与传播，可期刊发表、发表论文、快速发表，见刊快。三仓出版社欢迎广大科研学者加入我们，参与审稿，合作办刊，投稿荐稿，与中文期刊一同成长壮大。如果您对期刊有任何的意见或者建议，请联系service@sciscanpub.com.

Development and Applicability of Computational Models in Educational Psychology:For Better Understanding of Theories, Constructs, and Educational Phenomena and Practice

This review addresses the development of computational models in educational psychology. First, we generally explained computational models and their background. Second, we searched academic articles relating to computational models in psychology and other fields. The search revealed that, on the one hand, international journals in behavioral or cognitive sciences include several articles relating to computational models, and the number is increasing in general psychology journals. On the other hand, domestic and international educational psychology journalsscarcely have relating papers. Third, we described the current challenges in educational psychology and how the ideas and analytical method on computational models would contribute to overcome these challenges.

An Online Course in Contemplative Neuroscience Increases Dispositional Mindfulness and Reduces Meditation Barriers.

Teaching contemplative neuroscience is emerging as a way to increase the reach and relevance of our field to a wider undergraduate population while also encouraging the beneficial practice of contemplation. In-person classes on the topic have been shown to improve both academic learning and attitudes towards science and meditation. Here we show that a short-term, asynchronous online course in contemplative neuroscience had comparable benefits. Students completed the Determinants of Meditation Practice Inventory (DMPI; Williams et al., 2011) and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown and Ryan, 2003) at the start and end of the course. Their scores showed reduced barriers to meditation and improved mindfulness after the course, changes predictive of a range of positive behavioral and well-being outcomes. Students also rated the course as highly effective in advancing neuroscience understanding and competency. A comparison group (from an online general psychology class) showed no increase in mindfulness and a significantly weaker reduction in meditation barriers. This success of an online class in both academic and social-emotional learning is promising given the rapid growth of online instruction and the improved access it can provide to non-traditional students. The class format together with its health-relevant topic could thus be a valuable tool for reaching a more diverse student body while at the same time promoting practices linked to both personal and societal benefits.

Psychological reality and psychoanalysis at the Padua Laboratory of Psychology.

As it spread across Italy, psychoanalysis captured the interest of Italian psychologists, namely Vittorio Benussi (1878-1927) and Cesare Musatti (1897-1989). Benussi, who was trained as an experimental psychologist according to the Gegenstandstheorie School of Graz in 1919, came to Italy and became a full professor of experimental psychology in Padua. He undertook a program of study called "psychological reality" that comprised hypnosuggestion and psychoanalysis. This article shows that Benussi's hypnosuggestion experiments and Musatti's theorization of the reality of fantasy were attempts to upgrade the study of psychological phenomena to the level of physical phenomena in a theoretical context in which psychoanalysis was considered part of a general psychology.

Theory of Problem Situations: Research Perspectives

The article is devoted to the analysis of the theory of problem situations (A.M. Matyushkin) in order to identify perspective directions for its development. The actuality is associated with the study of productive forms of thinking from the position of this theory using modern methods of analysis and data processing. There are empirical studies according to the components of the psychological structure of a problem situation. The goal is to identify the links between the objectively and subjectively assessed success in solving problematic tasks with the experience of a cognitive need in the form of intellectual emotions and the cognitive capabilities of the subject. Hypotheses: the connection between experiencing a cognitive need and success depends on the stage of solution and the content of the task; subjective success positively related to objective success in problem solving by specialists. The research involved 186 students (from 17 to 20 years old; 76 males, 110 females), who solved four problematic tasks of different content. Methods: intellectual test “Raven's Progressive Matrices”, questionnaire “Emotional Intelligence” by D.V. Lyusin; “Complex analogies”, “Understanding the meaning of proverbs”, Torrance's creativity test “Completion of pictures”, Cacioppo's scale of need for cognition, R. Amthauer's test for structure of intellect; knowledge test of general psychology; author's methods for assessing the forms of experiencing a cognitive need; understanding the meaning of scientific/artistic texts. The discrepancy between the form of experiencing the cognitive need and the content of the stage is associated with the non-successful solution. Specialists in solving scientific problematic tasks, showing reasonable intellectual confidence at the stages of understanding and hypotheses through using of special knowledge, successfully solve the tasks in accordance with objective criteria for successful solution. There are perspectives directions for the development of the theory of problem situations to the context of the successful problem solving: processual experience of cognitive need, processual subjective and objective estimations of the success of a solution, the structure of the subject's cognitive capabilities in connection with the difficulty of the problematic task.

Market Segmentation Strategy According to Consumer Demographics and Psychology for Sports Collaboration Products

PURPOSE This study aimed to subdivide the market based on the general characteristics and consumer psychology of sports brand collaboration consumers and provide basic data for efficient collaboration marketing activities of sports companies.METHODS The subjects of this study were high school, college, and graduate students from high schools and universities in the Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Of the 600 copies of the questionnaire distributed, 475 were selected and analyzed in the final sample. Regarding the statistical method for this study, the PASW 18.0 statistical program was used for the frequency, exploratory factor, reliability, hierarchical cluster, K-means clustering, and cross analyses, as well as the one-way ANOVA.RESULTS The results of the analysis suggested five subdivided clusters with according marketing strategies: “external male,” “practical male,” “twenties design preferred female,” “low-interest women,” and “high consumption optional attributes” groups.

THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF FUTURE UKRAINIAN AND LITERATURE TEACHER TRAINING FOR ETHNOCULTURAL ACTIVITY

Topical issues of future Ukrainian and literature teachers’ preparations for the ethnocultural activity in general secondary educational institutions, in particular, the introduction of active, personal, cultural approaches in the process of professional training are considered in the article.
 The implementation of the active approach in the process of training future teachers of the Ukrainian language and literature ensures the development of future teachers’ personal traits and qualities. It influences the formation of their attitude, interests, values, professional positions, etc. The peculiarity of the active approach in the process of preparing future Ukrainian and literature teachers for ethnocultural activity in general secondary educational institutions is primarily in the mastering of the integrative system of knowledge of Ukrainian history, culturology, ethnography, Ukrainian studies, general pedagogy (ethno-pedagogy), general and social psychology, the Ukrainian language and literature and methods of their teaching.
 The competent approach is aimed at developing the creative potential of the individual both a teacher and a graduate, and also contributes to the formation of the necessary skills, abilities, experience, and behavioral patterns of personality in the learning process. A teacher acts as an organizer of an educational activity and a student is an active independent and creative personality.
 The organization of the educational process in the context of a personal approach in higher educational institutions involves focusing on the student’s personality, goals, motives, preferences, as well as creating the necessary conditions and taking into consideration the individual experience. In addition, such activity provides the mutual development of a student’s and a teacher’s personalities in the process of their joint activity to promote mutual respect, mutual understanding, increasing the authority of a teacher.
 The application of the cultural approach contributes to the formation of the basic Ukrainian and literature teacher’s culture. Such a combination of the scientific approaches ensures the organization of the optimal educational process aimed at mastering the content of pedagogical culture, as well as the formation of the teacher’s ethnocultural outlook.

Empirical investigation of the dynamics of students' will qualities as subjects of the educational process in learning activities

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the dynamics of the manifestation of volitional qualities of students as subjects of the educational process. The results of the study can complement the content of training courses in the section "Will and volitional qualities" - general psychology: psychology of emotions and will; age-related psychology. In this study, the authors are based on the classification of volitional qualities developed by E.P. Ilyin. The dynamics of the volitional qualities of students as subjects of the educational process in the process of educational activities of the university is determined and described. The authors revealed the level of development of self-willed and moral-volitional qualities in students as subjects of the educational process at the initial stages of education at the university. It has been revealed and statistically confirmed that senior students as subjects of the educational process are characterized by a high level of self-willed qualities and an average level of moral and volitional qualities in educational activities. The content is revealed and the positive dynamics of self-volitional and moral-volitional qualities of students as subjects of the educational process in educational activities is determined

Pedology and applied psychology in Russia in the first third of the XX century

The article examines the formation and liquidation of pedology and psychotechnics in Russia in the 1920s–1930s. The general and the different in practical tasks and scientific problems of pedology, psychotechnics and general psychology are discussed the position of L.S. Vygotsky on the relationship between pedology and psychotechnics.The crisis of pedology and psychotechnics and their elimination after the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) on pedology (1936) correlates with the mistakes of the representatives of these disciplines, as well as the change in the socio-economic and ideological-political conditions of society in the USSR during the reconstruction period, as well as with the aggravation political confrontation between communism and national socialism in pre-war Europe.Conclusions are drawn about the responsibility of applied psychology to society when it intervenes in the tasks of social practice.

COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine-related health disorders in combatants of Ukraine

Here we expand the existing knowledge about disorders associated with the COVID-19-related pandemic and quarantine. We show that the COVID-19-related pandemic and quarantine can reduce the combat effectiveness of the military, provoking a deterioration in the health of combatants and requires hospitalization. Aim. Investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine on the health of Ukrainian combatants. Material and methods. A study was conducted between March 12, 2020 and May 22, 2020 at the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, General and Medical Psychology, Narcology, and Sexology in Zaporizhzhia State Medical University and Zaporizhzhia military hospital (Ukraine). All combatants who were hospitalized during this period were examined. We analyzed medical records, anamnestic data, and performed psychopathological and psychological examinations of all patients. Results. In 56 % of combatants hospitalized during high quarantine measures, the cause of health disorders is negative COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine-related thoughts that provoke stress. These stressful thoughts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine provoke the development of hypertensive emergency (57 % vs 18 %), anxiety syndrome (29 %), dissociative [conversion] disorder (7 %), and exacerbate the negative effects of pre-pandemic diseases, namely, hypertension (43 % vs 27 %), somatoform autonomic dysfunction of the cardiovascular system (29 %), panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety] (7 %), adjustment disorders (7 %), post-traumatic stress disorder (7 %). Conclusions. Preventive measures need to be developed and applied to combatants to prevent their deteriorating health due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine stress