General Physics Institute Research Articles

Dianov Fiber Optics Research Center became 30 years

The main achievements and milestones in the development of the Dianov Fiber Optics Research Center - branch of Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Derivation of depolarization ratios of aerosol fluorescence and water vapor Raman backscatters from lidar measurements

Abstract. Polarization properties of the fluorescence induced by polarized laser radiation are widely considered in laboratory studies. In lidar observations, however, only the total backscattered power of fluorescence is analyzed. In this paper we present results obtained with a modified Mie–Raman–fluorescence lidar operated at the ATOLL observatory, Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, University of Lille, France, allowing us to measure depolarization ratios of fluorescence at 466 nm (δF) and of water vapor Raman backscatter. Measurements were performed in May–June 2023 during the Alberta forest fires season when smoke plumes were almost continuously transported over the Atlantic Ocean towards Europe. During the same period, smoke plumes from the same sources were also detected and analyzed in Moscow, at the General Physics Institute (GPI), with a five-channel fluorescence lidar able to measure fluorescence backscattering at 438, 472, 513, 560 and 614 nm. Results demonstrate that, inside the planetary boundary layer (PBL), the urban aerosol fluorescence is maximal at 438 nm, and then it gradually decreases with the increase in wavelength. The smoke layers observed within 4–6 km height present a maximum fluorescence at 513 nm, while in the upper troposphere, fluorescence maximum shifts to 560 nm. Regarding the fluorescence depolarization ratio, for smoke its value typically varies within the 45 %–55 % range. The depolarization ratio of the water vapor Raman backscattering at 408 nm is shown to be quite low (2±0.5 %) in the absence of fluorescence because the narrowband interference filter (0.3 nm) in the water vapor channel selects only the strongest vibrational lines of the Raman spectrum. As a result, the depolarization ratio at the water vapor Raman channel is sensitive to the presence of strongly depolarized fluorescence backscattering and can be used for the evaluation of the aerosol fluorescence contribution to measured water vapor mixing ratio.

Microdispersed Ti/B/N Materials Synthesized in Chain Reactions in Processes Initiated by Microwaves of a High-Power Gyrotron: Structure and Cytotoxicity

An original plasma-chemical facility has been developed at the Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences based on the gyrotrons of the thermonuclear complex of the L-2 M/MIG-3 stellarator. The scope of its applications includes the synthesis of powders for new types of catalysts, the formation and doping of ceramics, and other applications. We have previously demonstrated that in specific conditions, chain oscillatory reactions can be initialized in the reactor by powerful microwave pulses of the gyrotron in mixtures of metal and dielectric powders, resulting in the formation of microdispersed materials with controllable physical and chemical properties. In such reactions, initiated in mixtures of Ti and B, BN powders in a series of particle samples with a developed surface have been obtained. The resulting materials have a heterogeneous composition and size distribution controlled by the synthesis conditions. Thus, the obtained structures exhibit repeatable characteristics attractive for numerous applications, from catalytic particle formation and reinforcement additives to biomedical materials. In order to analyze the hazardless of the materials, cytotoxicity tests were necessary. In this work, the methods for such an analysis have been applied. The study of the obtained samples for cytotoxicity against human cells (lines HEK293T, MCF7, A549, VA13) showed toxic effects only at concentrations of tens of mg/L and the absence of detectable toxic effects in bacterial system (E. coli). The low toxicity at the cellular level indicates the potential for the safe use of the proposed microstructures, but requires further testing of safety at the organism level.

Peer review Declaration

The XLVIII Zvenigorod International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion (ICPAF 2021) used the following peer review procedure: • Type of peer review: Single-blind • Describe criteria used by Reviewers when accepting/declining papers: the paper should have been presented and discussed during one of the sections of the ICPAF 2021 conference; the objective and the problems stated in the paper should be relevant, the obtained results should be new and valid, the conclusions should be justified, the citations of the previous research should be correct, and the paper should be formatted according the Guidelines of Authors of IOP Publishing.The authors were given the opportunity to resubmit their paper after revision. • Conference submission management system: the number of participants did not warrant the use of automatic management system, therefore, the papers (and, previously, abstracts) were managed manually. • Number of submissions received: 17 • Number of submissions sent for review: 17 • Number of submissions accepted: 16 (two of those, after significant revision) • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received × 100): (16 / 17) × 100% = 94% • Average number of reviews per paper: 1 • Total number of reviewers involved: 3 • Any additional info on review process (e.g., plagiarism check system): none • Contact person for queries: Name: Ms. Elena V. VoronovaAffiliation: Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of SciencesEmail: voronova@fpl.gpi.ru

Comment on “A Mechanistic Understanding of Nonclassical Crystal Growth in Hydrothermally Synthesized Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Nanowires”

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentsNEXTComment on “A Mechanistic Understanding of Nonclassical Crystal Growth in Hydrothermally Synthesized Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Nanowires”Pavel P. Fedorov*Pavel P. FedorovProkhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia*Email: [email protected]More by Pavel P. Fedorovhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-3926Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2021, 33, 10, 3859–3861Publication Date (Web):May 12, 2021Publication History Received8 April 2020Revised16 September 2020Published online12 May 2021Published inissue 25 May 2021https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01515Copyright © 2021 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1169Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Chemical composition,Crystallization,Anions,Crystal structure,Phase transitions Get e-Alerts

Subthreshold Discharge Excited by a Microwave Beam in High-Pressure Gas as a System of a Multitude of Plasma “Microexplosions”

The results of studying the self/non-self-sustained gas discharge (SNSS discharge) excited by microwave beams at high gas pressure (atmospheric or higher than atmospheric) under conditions of a substantially subthreshold radiation power are presented. The discharge has a number of properties that distinguish it from all microwave discharges described in literature. The physical model of the discharge built at the Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, describes its excitation at pressures high enough that the frequency of electron-neutral collisions is appreciably higher than the cyclic frequencies of microwaves, and the microwave beam power is much lower than the threshold for the excitation of a self-sustained plasma formation. For the first time, the article presents the results of “shadow” photography demonstrating one of the main properties of discharge—its structure, which is a set of “microexplosion” formations moving against the microwave radiation.

Preface

The VI International Conference LaPlas-2020 A.P. Kuznetsov and S.V. GenisaretskayaVI Conference on Plasma and Laser Research and Technologies took place on February 11 until February 14, 2020 at the National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”. The Conference was organized by the Institute for Laser and Plasma Technologies and was supported by the Competitiveness Program of the National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”. The conference is based on scientific fields as follows: □ Laser, plasma and radiation technologies in industry, power engineering and medicine;□ Photonics, quantum metrology, optical information processing;□ New functional materials, metamaterials, “smart” alloys and quantum systems;□ Superstrong optical fields, powerful lasers, Mega Science installations;□ Applied mathematics and mathematical modeling□ High energy density physics;□ Physics of high-temperature plasma, environmentally safe energy on the basis of controlled thermonuclear synthesis;□ Spectroscopic synchrotron, neutron, laser research methods, quantum-mechanical calculations and computer simulation of condensed media and nanostructures; The conference consisted of nine sections: □ Laser physics and laser technology□ Plasma physics and controlled thermonuclear fusion□ Modern problems of theoretical physics□ Applied mathematics and mathematical modelling□ Modern problems of solid state physics, functional materials and nanosystems□ Modern problems of measuring systems and quantum metrology□ Accelerators of charged particles and radiation technology□ Electrophysical and nuclear instrumentation□ High energy density physicsMore than 300 specialists took part in the Conference. They represented leading Russian scientific research centers and universities (National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow Institute of Physics and Tecnology and others) and leading scientific centers and universities from Germany, Italy, France, Canada, Japan.We would like to thank heartily all of the speakers, participants, organizing and program committee members for their contribution to the conference.

Вариация состояния поверхности в ходе сканирования в низковольтном РЭМ и ее влияние на размеры рельефной структуры

The emission variation of SSE from surface fragments of protrusions in a silicon plate is evaluated during prolonged scanning in low energy SEM. Emission dynamic variation that is especially complex near the edges of protrusion upper bases and slopes is discovered that affects the sizes of all protrusion fragments. Emission variation is explained with changes of unevenly localized charge state at different surface fragments of protrusions in a natural silica and a contamination film. Contamination is occurred in vacuum and depends on a surface charge state so it is not uniform along protrusion surface. The total absence of contamination on some protrusions is fixed so its initial linewidth size is occurred a constant during a scanning. The limiting uprising of a linewidth size to 4.5 at a one case and the limiting decrease to -0.8 at another case are fixed. Yu. V. Larionov, Senior Researcher, A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, RAS, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, E-mail: luv@kapella.gpi.ru, Yu. V. Ozerin, Leading Engineer, yozerin@mikron.ru Mikron Co., Zelenograd, Russia

К 80-летию со дня рождения доктора физико-математических наук, главного научного сотрудника Института Общей Физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН А.А. Самохина

The article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the birth of the Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences A.A. Samokhin, Chief Researcher of the Theoretical Department of the Institute of Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the RAS, a regular contributor to Mathematica Montisnigri and a long-term active participant in the international scientific seminar "Mathematical Models and Modeling in Laser-Plasma Processes and Advanced Scientific Technologies" (LPpM3), one of the founders of which is Mathematica Montisnigri.

Мониторинг быстрых вариаций содержания эндогенного СО в выдыхаемом воздухе методами диодной лазерной спектроскопии

A.I.Dyachenko 1, E.V.Stepanov 1, Yu.A.Shulagin 2 1 Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science 2 Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Science Metods of tunable diode laser spectroscopy were used to monitor fast physiological variations of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) content in expired air. For these purposes, a CO analyzer was created on the basis of a tunable diode laser emitting in the region of 2.35 μm at room temperature. To determine the concentration of CO in exhaled air, the value of the resonance absorption of this molecule in the R (6) line of the 0–2 band located near 4285 cm – 1 was measured. The use of this line, which is well isolated from nearby H2O absorption lines, allows one to ensure high selectivity of CO analysis in conditions of high humidity of the analyzed air. The capabilities of monitoring rapid physiological variations in the CO content in the exhaled air of humans and animals using the developed system were demonstrated in studies using different physiological stress tests, such as pure oxygen breathing (both in humans and rats), physical activity, and hyperventilation. The dynamics of the allocation of CO due to the use of certain pharmaceuticals were also observed. It was shown that laser analysis of CO in the spectral range of 2.35 μm makes it possible to detect fast dynamic processes of the evolution of this gaseous molecule, which is one of the signal metabolite molecules, during various physiological and medical studies, to study the patterns and relationships of the processes responsible for production, transport, buffering and release of CO in the body.

International Conference PhysicA.SPb/2019

The International Conference PhysicA.SPb was held 22-24 October 2019 in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. The Conference continues the tradition of Saint-Petersburg Seminars on Physics and Astronomy originating from mid-90s. Since then PhysicA.SPb maintains both scientific and educational quality of contributions delivered to the audience. This is the main feature of the Conference that makes it possible to combine the whole spectrum of modern Physics and Astronomy within one event.PhysicA.SPb/2019 has brought together over 450 academics from many universities and research institutes across whole Russia as well as from USA, UK, South Africa, Finland, Ukraine, Armenia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Vietnam, Netherlands, Germany and France. Oral and poster presentations were combined into well-defined sections among which one should name Astronomy and Astrophysics, Optics and spectroscopy, Physics of ferroics, Nanostructured and thin-film materials, Mathematical physics and numerical methods, Devices and materials for the THz and microwave ranges, Biophysics, Optoelectronic devices, Surface phenomena, Physics and technology of energy conversion, Plasma physics, hydrodynamics and aerodynamics, Nuclear and elementary particle physics, Impurities and defects in solids, and Physics of quantum structures.This issue of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series presents the extended contributions from participants of PhysicA.SPb/2019 that were peer-reviewed by expert referees through processes administered by the Presiders of the Organising and Program Committees to the best professional and scientific standards. This was made possible by the efforts of the Sectional Editors of this Issue: Prof. Petr Arseev (Lebedev Physical Institute), Prof. Alexander Ivanchik (Ioffe Institute), Prof. Polina Ryabochkina (Ogarev Mordova State University), Prof. Yuri Kusraev (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Sergey Nekrasov (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Nikolay Bert (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Nikita Gordeev (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Alexey Popov (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Prokhor Alekseev (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Mikhail Dunaevskii (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Kirill Zaytsev (Prokhorov General Physics Institute), Dr. Alexandra Kalashnikova (Ioffe Institute) and Prof. Dmitry Khokhlov (Moscow State University).The Editors: Nikita S. Averkiev, Sergey A. Poniaev and Grigorii S. Sokolovskii

IV International Conference “Laser and plasma research and technologies - LaPlas 2018”

• Photonics, quantum metrology, optical information processing;• Ultrahigh optical fields, high-power lasers, Mega Science facilities;• Spectroscopic synchrotron, neutron, laser research methods, quantum mechanical calculation and computer modelling of condensed media and nanostructures;• High energy density laser physics.More than 300 specialists took part in the Conference. They represented leading Russian scientific research centers and universities (National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow Institute of Physics and Tecnology and others) and leading scientific centers and universities from Germany, Italy, France, Canada, Japan.We would like to thank heartily all of the speakers, participants, organizing and program committee members for their contribution to the conference.

Experimental relativistic plasma microwave electronics

Experimental studies in relativistic microwave electronics of plasma at the Prokhorov General Physics Institute are reviewed. Radiation of electromagnetic waves by a high-current relativistic electron beam injected into plasma is explored. Experimental data are compared with the results of an analytic theory and numerical simulations. Fast electronic frequency tuning of microwave radiation has been realized in an experimental setup, which is difficult to implement in vacuum relativistic microwave electronics. This is the main accomplishment of the research from the perspective of possible uses in various applications.

Experiments on the Formation of Galatea–Belt Magnetoplasma Configurations

A brief review is presented of experiments on the formation of Galatea–Belt magnetoplasma configurations carried out by the suggestion of A.I. Morozov at the Plasma Physics Department, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The formation of plasma structures consisting of a current sheet and two plasma sheaths around the current conductors immersed in the plasma is demonstrated. It is shown that the change in the direction of the plasma current can lead to the rearrangement of the magnetoplasma configuration. It is found that, for the Galatea–Belt configuration to exist for a long time, it is necessary to provide the optimal relation between the currents flowing in the plasma and conductors.

A Scanning SXR Spectrometer Used in Experiments on ECR Plasma Heating at the L-2M Stellarator

Abstract—A diagnostic complex that is based on a scanning soft X-ray spectrometer has been developed at the Prokhorov General Physics Institute. The diagnostic complex is intended to measure the radial profiles of the plasma electron temperature in the L-2M stellarator. The maximum counting rate of the spectrometer is 2.0 × 105 pulses/s. It allows measuring of SXR spectra in the energy range of γ-photons of 1–80 keV. The spectral resolution of the spectrometer measured using a source of radioactive radiation with energy of E = 5.89 keV (55Fe) was ΔE = 320 eV (FWHM). The scanning system makes it possible to measure SXR spectra along the chords lying in the angular range from –13.5° to +26.5°. Negative and positive angles correspond to chords below and above the equatorial plane of the facility, respectively. The radial resolution of the spectrometer at the plasma axis is ~1.7 cm. The first results of spectral measurements in experiments at electron cyclotron resonance plasma heating at the L-2M stellarator are presented.

РЕНТГЕНОЛЮМИНЕСЦЕНТНЫЕ КОМПОЗИТЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛИКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО АЛМАЗА С ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫМИ НАНОЧАСТИЦАМИ NaGdF4:Eu ДЛЯ ФОТОНИКИ

Разработаны люминесцентные алмазные композиты c интегрированными наночастицами β-NaGdF4:Eu, обладающие высокоинтенсивной узкополосной рентгенолюминесценцией на длине волны 612 нм. Отмечена концентрационная зависимость интенсивности рентгенолюминесценции от содержания частиц. Использование нанопорошков β-NaGdF4:Eu позволило получить интенсивную рентгенолюминесценцию с более высоким соотношением сигнал/шум, нежели было достигнуто ранее.
 
 Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ № 16-29-11784-офи.
 Результаты получены с использованием оборудования центров коллективного пользования ИОФ РАН и ИОНХ РАН.

A Subthreshold High-Pressure Discharge Excited by a Microwave Beam: Physical Basics and Applications

A new form of discharge excited by a microwave beam in a high-pressure (up to atmospheric and higher) gas in free space and in a closed chamber is discussed. For the first time, the discharge was implemented by means of a gyrotron with a pulse power of 200 ≤ P ≤ 600 kW, a pulse duration of 0.5 ≤ τ ≤ 20 ms, and a wavelength of λ = 0.4 cm. Under deeply subthreshold conditions in atmospheric-pressure air, a plasma column with a length of L = 50 cm was generated by a microwave beam formed with the help of a quasi-optical transmission line. With the use of the MIG-3 gyrotron complex with the above parameters, generation of a plasma column with a length of several meters is possible in principle. The parameters and structure of the formation of the plasma investigated make it possible to class it as a self-non-self-sustained (SNSS) discharge, discovered and described for the first time at the Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. One of the important applications of this type of discharge is plasmachemical cleaning of the urban air environment of hazardous contaminants.

Comment on “The Complexity of the CaF2:Yb System: A Huge, Reversible, X-ray-Induced Valence Reduction”

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionComment on “The Complexity of the CaF2:Yb System: A Huge, Reversible, X-ray-Induced Valence Reduction”A. I. RyskinA. I. RyskinITMO University, St-Petersburg 197101, RussiaMore by A. I. Ryskin and P. P. Fedorov*P. P. FedorovProkhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia*E-mail: [email protected]More by P. P. FedorovCite this: J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122, 19, 10657Publication Date (Web):April 19, 2018Publication History Received19 December 2017Revised10 April 2018Published online19 April 2018Published inissue 17 May 2018https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b12458Copyright © 2018 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views440Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (184 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Impurities,Crystals,Oxygen,Redox reactions,Ions Get e-Alerts

Erratum to: “Nonlinear absorption of non-chain HF laser radiation in germanium”

The authors apologizes for this error in the paper “Nonlinear Absorption of Non-Chain HF Laser Radiation in Germanium” by E.E. Alekseev, K.N. Firsov, S.Yu. Kazantsev, I.G. Kononov, and V.E. Rogalin. On page 280, Affiliation by K.N. Firsov, S.Yu. Kazantsev, and I.G. Kononov must be written as K. N. Firsov 2,3 2 Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 38, Moscow, 119991 Russia 3 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh. 31, Moscow, 115409 Russia S. Yu. Kazantsev 2 2 Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 38, Moscow, 119991 Russia I. G. Kononov 2 2 Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 38, Moscow, 119991 Russia

Evaluation of combined effects of lunar gravity simulation and the altered magnetic field on cardiovascular system of healthy volunteers

Evaluation of combined effects of lunar gravity simulation and the altered magnetic field on cardiovascular system of healthy volunteers