General Meeting Research Articles

Economic and Social History Society of Ireland, Secretary's Report to the Annual General Meeting, October 29, 2022

Economic and Social History Society of Ireland, Secretary's Report to the Annual General Meeting, October 29, 2022

문화역사적 활동이론 관점에서 마을교육공동체 활동 분석과 활성화 방안

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of creating, continuously growing, and evolving vil-lage schools in Gyeongnam Innovation City. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the activity system of village schools, based on Engestöm's Cultural Historical Activity Theory, and to study the growth and change of village schools which arose from the process of resolving contradictions.
 Methods We conducted a literature research, in-depth interviews, and participant observation, and analyzed the activity system based onEngestöm's Cultural Historical Activity Theory. Two in-depth interviews were conducted first with all village teachers at S village school and secondly with key managers among village teachers.
 Results The results of analyzing the village school's activity system from the perspective of cultural-historical ac-tivity theory are as follows. The five-year activity period of the village school is largely divided into two periods ac-cording to the contradictions and differences of the subject, tool, and object of the activity system. The main con-tradiction came from the difference in the individual situation and activity of the village teachers, and the differ-ence in perception between the village teachers who watched the identity and activity of the village school. The contradictions that appeared in the tool began with the practical difficulties of recruiting students, leading to two conflicting opinions: one to expand to resident participation activities and one to focus on student-centered activities. The contradictions in the community elements were expressed as the community's lack of under-standing of the village school, the absence of governance, and the uncertainty of financial support for the public offering project. The factor that led to the occurrence of expanded learning by overcoming major contradictions was that through continuous formal and informal meetings such as general meetings and teacher learning centers within the village, emotional intimacy was formed between village teachers and relationships expanded, thereby overcoming contradictions and conflicts. It appears that a new activity system has been creatively created.
 Conclusions In the results of this study, the elements necessary for the sustainability of village schools and vital-ization of village educational communities are as follows. First, it is a democratic communication structure and continuity of learning within the members. Second, the direction and activities of the village school can change, and this must be discussed and agreed upon with the village school members. Third, it is necessary to expand the range of contact with residents in the village and to have a network with the community in the village. Finally, it shows the need for the role and support of the Happy Education District and local governments in the formation of public, government, and academic governance for sustainable activities.

The unfolding of shareholder activism in India: an exploratory study

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a holistic view of the emergence of shareholder activism (SA) in India. However, specifically, this study aims at fulfilling the research gap by discussing the policy and legal advancement in the area of SA and investigating the chronological evolution of SA, manifestations of SA, motives of SA, outcome of SAs and impact of SA on the financial performance of the firm.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a mixed methodology (both qualitative and quantitative) to draw inferences, including content analysis, descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test. The data has been collected from the annual reports of the sample companies and the Prowess database. Return on assets and return on equity have been used as measures of financial performance while investigating the difference in financial performance between firms subjected to SA and firms not subjected to SA.FindingsThe findings of this study suggest that there has been significant growth in the occurrence of SA incidents in India in the past decade, with shareholders prominently manifesting by opposing the proposals at annual general meetings/extraordinary general meetings, mostly involving governance-related demands. The findings from the independent sample t-tests revealed that there has been a significant difference in the financial performance of the sample subjected to SA and firms not subjected to SA. Furthermore, the results of the paired sample t-test provide strong evidence of significant improvement in the financial performance of firms’ post-SA.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study have implications for various stakeholders. The findings of this study suggest that SA has been relatively more successful in the Indian context and may encourage minority shareholders to follow active participation through shareholder proposals and votes rather than a passive strategy to trade and exit. For firms, it can provide valuable inferences about the emergence of SA and how it has a positive impact on the financial performance of the firm, which can lead to a change in the perception of investors and promoters who perceive SA as a threat (Gillan and Starks 2000; Hartzell and Starks, 2003). For policymakers, it can act as a tool to investigate whether the regulatory changes have been able to bring the intended transparency, accountability and enhanced shareholder participation. This will encourage policymakers to be more agile, as their efforts are bearing fruit. This will also act as a guide to formulating future policies and regulations.Originality/valueThis study is an effort to provide a holistic view of SA scenarios in a developing economy setting like India, where SA is a very recent phenomenon. Although there are studies in the area of SA, there is a dearth of studies that have investigated the various dimensions of SA in the Indian context in a very systematic and extensive manner, investigating all the different dimensions of SA. Furthermore, this study also intends to investigate the impact of SA, which is normally perceived as a threat to financial performance and provide valuable contrasting evidence.

The Status Of Deeds Of Shareholders’ General Meeting Made By Notary Through Teleconference Media Based On The Law Number Two Of 2014

The provisions of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning limited liability companies, specifically Article 77 Paragraph (1), stipulate that a General Meeting of Shareholders (hereinafter referred to as GMS) can be conducted through teleconferencing. Naturally, this provision facilitates shareholders in convening GMS meetings. Yet, in this case, Law Number 40 of 2007 does not provide a comprehensive explanation of the procedures for organizing a General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS). The organization of a General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS), wherein the minutes of the meeting are crafted directly by a notary in the form of an authentic deed, must conform to the regulations as stipulated in Law Number 40 of 2014 regarding the role and position of a notary. It is important to note that the minutes of a GMS conducted via teleconference, the aforementioned documentation, which will later be formalized into an authentic deed by a notary, must still adhere to the stipulations set forth in notary law. This compliance is essential due to the legal implications associated with the authentic deed and its impact on the notary's professional responsibilities. In this study, the normative-legal method was employed to analyze legal issues arising from and related to legal norms, as stipulated in statutory regulations. This approach was complemented by a library research method, specifically involving the examination of library materials. During this phase, the analysis of secondary data was conducted, encompassing an exploration of the legal norms, laws, and regulations applicable in Indonesia.

Antecedents of AGM Shareholder Activism in Malaysian Public Listed Companies and the Role of MSWG Activism as a Moderator

Shareholder activism and awareness of their rights at Annual General Meetings (AGMs) is one of the most contentious problems related to corporate governance. This study examines the relationship between company size, performance, directors' remuneration, and AGM shareholder activism. Using financial reports year 2021, stratified random sampling of 256 Bursa Malaysia Main Market listed companies was adopted. The Bursa Malaysia website provided all the annual reports and the AGM minutes. Findings reveal no correlation between company size, performance, director remuneration, and AGM shareholder activism. The study also found that MSWG activism does not moderate the association between these variables.

The Congenital Cardiology Cloud - optimizing long-term care by connecting ambulatory and hospital medical attendance via telemedicine.

Patients with complex congenital heart disease frequently undergo a life-long ambulatory therapy with the need for repeated hospital interventions. To optimize this manifold interplay, we designed and implemented a tele-medical service, the Congenital Cardiology Cloud (CCC). This study aims to analyse the requirements for its implementation through the comprehensive assessment of design, installation and impact on patient´s care. CCC's development comprised the analysis of historically raised admission and discharge management and the definition of technical and organizational requirements. Elaboration of procedural flow charts, description of data formats and technical processes as well as distribution of patient structure formed part of this process. Analysis of existing workflows uncovered a need for the rebuilding of admission and discharge process and decision making for further treatment. The CCC reduces conference-meetings in general and repetitive meetings up to less than a third. Real-time dispatch of discharge documents guarantees an instantaneous access to patient-related data. Comparative analyses show a more complex patient group to be involved in tele-medical services. The CCC enables the sharing of complex clinical information by overcoming sectoral barriers and improves mutual patient advice. Implementation of a tele-medical network requires willingness, perseverance and professional engagement. Future application analysis and possible introduction of refinancing concepts will show its long-term feasibility.

Exploring the effectiveness of social control mechanisms in fostering citizen involvement in rural local budgeting: The Kazakhstani perspective

The purpose of this study is to explore the involvement of citizens in the administration of local budgets, which significantly contribute to the financial and economic independence of rural areas. The study presents the findings of a sociological research conducted in the Turkestan region, Kazakhstan. The survey included 259 rural residents from 14 rural districts and two significant cities in the region, all aged 18 and above and permanent residents of these areas. The analysis is based on the survey results, focusing on the overall level of citizens’ engagement in decision-making regarding local budget formation and distribution in rural areas. The study reveals a low level of citizen participation in managing the local budget. While general meetings and local gatherings serve as primary avenues for citizen involvement, only 79.9% of respondents reported participating in budget discussions, with only 20.1% of their opinions considered during budget allocation.Finally, the study identifies several factors that negatively affect effective citizen participation in local budget management. These factors include a lack of timely awareness and information about upcoming planning and budget meetings (56.4%), insufficient transparency in the actions of local executive leaders (Akims) (14.3%), bureaucratic complexity and a formal approach to budget discussions (3.5%), and low levels of citizen trust in rural district Akims (5.4%). Acknowledgment This study is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (BR18574203).

Shareholder Proposals and Sustainability: An Empirically-Based Critical Reflection

Abstract 276 Publicly traded companies face growing scrutiny in respect of their sustainability strategies and policies from regulators, the general public, NGOs, as well as investors. One area where the attention for corporate sustainability issues has materialised is at the general meetings of these companies, including in the form of a growing number of shareholder proposals on environmental and social topics. Against the background of this development, I have investigated sustainability-related shareholder proposals in 25 countries. More specifically, this paper presents the results of a survey of shareholder proposals on environmental and social topics that have been put to a vote in the period between 2020 and 2022, with the aim of exploring what sustainability issues are addressed through shareholder proposals, who submit E&S-related shareholder proposals, and which sectors are subjected to such proposals. During this three-year period, nearly one-third of the 1995 shareholder proposal that have been identified directly related to environmental and social issues. The investigation reveals that the majority of such proposals have been submitted by individuals, organisations with primarily social objectives, and SRI asset managers and investment advisors. But in light of increasing attention, both in society and in investor circles, for what institutional investors are doing to support and promote sustainability strategies and policies of publicly traded companies, in particular when it comes to climate change, it may be the case that (some of) these investors will increasingly exercise agenda-setting rights in connection with corporate sustainability issues. 277

546 Gender Distribution of Invited Speakers at Major General Surgical Conferences: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Aim Disparity within gender distribution in surgery manifests underrepresentation of women at the top of their field. Despite increasing women entering the profession, decreased academic representation of women stresses the importance of closing the gender gap. This study aimed to quantify gender distribution of speakers and prevalence of all-male panels (“manels”) at major general surgical conferences. Method Data were collected and analysed retrospectively across four annual general surgical meetings held between 2016 and 2021. Male and female faculty amongst these were academically stratified by mean number of publications, citations and H-index. A ‘MANEL’ was identified as a session with two or more speakers, all identifying as men. Results In total, the 14 conferences across 4 annual meetings identified 454 sessions delivered by 2346 speakers. On average, 21.5% (n = 505) of these were identified as female. From 357 panels, 35.3% (n = 126) of these were identified as manels. No statistically significant difference in percentage of manels was observed between online versus in person conferences (online 42.9% (n = 24), in person 35.8% (n = 96); p = 0.321). Male invited lecturers indicated a significantly higher H-index than female invited lecturers (male = 31.5 vs female = 19.4; p<0.05). No statistically significant difference in the percentage of manels was observed over time (28.3% in 2016, 33.3% in 2021; p = 0.448). Conclusions This provides an evidence basis supporting the underrepresentation of females within major general surgical meetings is a recurring issue despite improvement. This study aims to explicitly highlight the necessity for greater gender distribution and diversity across the general surgical discipline.

Peran Pengendali Dalam Melindungi Kepentingan Investor Melalui Pelaksanaan Prinsip Tata Kelola Perusahaan Yang Baik

<p>The aim of this study is to find out and analyze the role of controllers in protecting the interests of publicly-listed company investors by ensuring the implementation of good corporate governance principles. The delay of the implementation of the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders and the publication of annual financial statements are two examples of non-fulfillment of the principles of good corporate governance namely transparency and accountability, which resulting temporary suspending trading of its shares by Indonesia Stock Exchange. When the role of the controller as shareholder who has the ability to control the company is ineffective because the shareholding of the company is less than 50%, the undertake of investors protection become an issue. This research was conducted based on a juridical-normative approach with analytical descriptive specifications based on secondary data. The results of this study revealed that the controller has several mechanisms to control the company to reduce losses for shareholders. However, the determination of a controller with less than 50% shareholding of the company’s shares results in the controlling role towards the company become ineffective and potentially detrimental to the interests of investors. The difference between this research and the previous lies in the object of this study which discusses the role of controllers in ensuring the fulfillment of the principles of good corporate governance so that they can provide protection to investors.</p>

Peran Notaris dalam Pembuatan Akta Pernyataan Keputusan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS) Perseroan Terbatas di Kota Semarang

In its implementation, the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) is recorded in the form of meeting notes in the form of a notarial deed and/or backhand deed which is then recorded in the form of a deed. This research method uses a sociological legal approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of a notary in making the decision deed of the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) of a limited liability company in the city of Semarang. From the results of the examination, the notary is not involved in the decision- making process of the GMS. The task of a notary in making a deed of the decision of a meeting of shareholders of a company is very limited, such as in making a party deed, the notary is only limited to pouring it into a legalized deed.

British Veterinary Association Annual General Meeting.

British Veterinary Association Annual General Meeting.

Non-controlling shareholders' governance participation and corporate misconduct: Evidence from voting in general meetings

This study explores the governance role of non-controlling shareholders (NCSs) in Chinese firms by examining the impact of their general meeting participation on corporate misconduct. We find that higher NCS voting shares lead to less corporate misconduct, and the impact is more pronounced for firms with worse internal control or audit quality and less analyst or media coverage. The two-stage regression results based on the instrumental variable approach suggest that the impact is casual. Channel tests show that NCSs' general meeting participation reduces misconduct by mitigating controlling shareholders' tunneling and improving firms' information environment. Finally, we document that the negative impact of NCSs' governance participation on corporate misconduct increases firm value by reducing the firm's future stock price crash risk.

The Whole Is Greater Than The Sum of Its Parts: Large-scale Phenomena Arising from Small-Scale Biophysical Processes.

The symposium "Large-scale biological phenomena arising from small-scale biophysical processes" at the SICB 2023 Annual General Meeting focused on the cross-disciplinary exploration of emergent phenomena in biology. Interactions between cells or organisms at small scales within a system can govern patterns occurring at larger scales in space, time, or biological complexity. This theme recurs in many sub-disciplines of biology, including cell and developmental biology, evolution, and ecology. This symposium, and the associated special issue introduced here, showcases a wide range of cross-disciplinary collaborations among biologists, physicists, and engineers. Technological advancements in microscopy and microfluidics, as well as complementary advances in mathematical modelling and associated theory demonstrate the timeliness of this issue. This introduction seeks to provide useful background information to place the studies within this issue in a broader biophysical context and highlight similarities in ideas and approaches across systems and sub-disciplines. We hope to demonstrate that cross-disciplinary research linking small-scale biophysics to larger-scale emergent phenomena can help us understand problems ranging from single-cell behaviors to tissue formation and function, evolution of form, and the dynamics of communities.

The Legal Force of Deed Statement of Meeting Resolutions Made Before a Notary Based on Private Minutes of the General Meeting of Shareholders (Case Study in Pt. Eco Environmental Energy Indonesia)

This research is a normative legal research that examines the legal force of the deed of statement of meeting resolutions made before a notary based on a private minute of the general meeting of shareholders (a case study at PT Eco Environmental Energy Indonesia), the focus of this research is the legal force of the deed of statement of meeting resolutions made before a notary based on the minutes of the private general meeting of shareholders in the case study of PT. Eco Environmental Energy Indonesia. The focus of research is on the extraordinary general meeting shareholders held at PT. Eco Environmental Energy Indonesia as there were indications of unlawful acts that make the deed of statement of meeting resolutions (PKR) drawn up before a notary null and void. The study employs the evidentiary law theory, which utilizes the statutory, analytical, and case approaches. The analysis concluded that the deed of statement of meeting resolutions number 56 was null and void, due to flaws in the formal requirements specified in the Limited Liability Company Law in the holding of the EGMS on May 21, 2011, which violated laws and regulations, causing the deed of statement of meeting resolutions to lack valid material proof power as an authentic deed.

Keabsahan Keputusan Perusahaan dalam Hal Direksi yang Mengambil Keputusan Masa Jabatannya Sudah Selesai Berdasarkan Akta Perubahan Anggaran Dasar Terakhir

The Board of Directors has the authority to manage the company. In carrying out management, the Board of Directors has the authority based on the Deed through the General Meeting of Shareholders whose term of office is determined in the Articles of Association of PT. The problem is that the Board of Directors whose term of office has ended but still carries out their duties and functions. The research method used in this writing is the normative juridical method. From the results of this research, it is concluded that the company's decision in the event that the Board of Directors makes a decision whose term of office has expired, then the decision is invalid unless all actions and decisions of the Board of Directors since the expiration of the term of office have been recognized and considered as the responsibility of the company by the decision of the shareholders in the GMS forum. Directors who carry out management outside their term of office are invalid but can be said to be valid if there is ratification of decisions made by Directors whose term of office has ended. The legal consequence of decision-making by unauthorized directors is that the directors are not responsible for their personal assets.

Radiotherapy resources in Brazil (RT2030): a comprehensive analysis and projections for 2030

The demand for radiotherapy in Brazil is unfulfilled, and the scarcity of data on the national network hampers the development of effective policies. We aimed to evaluate the current situation, estimate demands and requirements, and provide an action plan to ensure access to radiotherapy for those in need by 2030. The Brazilian Society for Radiation Oncology created a task force (RT2030) including physicians, medical physicists, policy makers, patient advocates, and suppliers, all of whom were major stakeholders involved in Brazilian radiotherapy care. The group was further divided into seven working groups to address themes associated with radiotherapy care in Brazil. From March 1, 2019, to Aug 3, 2020, there were monthly meetings between the group's leaders and the Central Committee and six general meetings. First, a comprehensive search of all different national databases was done to identify all radiotherapy centres. Questionnaires evaluating radiotherapy infrastructure and human resources and assing the availability, distribution, capacity, and workload of resources were created and sent to the radioprotection supervisor of each centre. Results were analysed nationally and across the country's regions and health-care systems. A pre-planned review of available databases was done to gather data on active radiation oncology centres and the distribution of radiotherapy machines (linear accelerators [LINACs]) across Brazil. We used national population and cancer incidence projections, recommended radiotherapy usage from the medical literature, and national working patterns to project radiotherapy demands in 2030. An action plan was established with suggestions to address the gaps and meet the demands. The database search yielded 279 centres with an active radiotherapy registry. After applying predefined exclusion criteria, 263 centres were identified that provided external beam radiotherapy machines with or without brachytherapy. All 263 operational centres answered the questionnaires sent on Dec 9, 2019, which were then returned between Jan 1 and June 30, 2020. There were 409 therapy machines, 646 radiation oncologists, 533 physicists, and 230 989 patients undergoing radiotherapy (150 628 [65·2%] in the public health-care system and 80 937 [35·0%] in private). The mean annual occupation rate was 566 patients per treatment machine (SD 250). The number of residents per treatment machine ranged from 258 333 to 1 800 000. Technology availability varied considerably among regions and systems. In 2030, 639 994 new cancer cases are expected, which will require 332 797 radiotherapy courses. Therefore, 530 LINACs, 1079 radiation oncologists, and 1060 medical physicists will be needed. The expected increase in cancer incidence in the coming years will probably increase the disparities in cancer care and the burden for Brazilian patients. We provide a roadmap of the current situation and the particularities of the Brazilian radiotherapy network, which can serve as a starting point for cancer policy planning to improve this scenario. Accuray, BRAINLAB, Elekta, IBA, ONE medical solution, SUN NUCLEAR corporation, VARIAN, and ZIGMA.

Speeches of participants of the General Meeting of RAS members

Paricipants in the meeting discussed the presented reports by G.Ya. Krasnikov and M.V. Dubina and various problems facing the Russian Academy of Aciences and its individual divisions and branches

On the main results of the RAS activity in the reporting period and priority directions of its work <i>Resolution of the General Meeting of RAS members</i>

The General Meeting of Members of the RAS notes that the activities of the Academy during the reporting period were carried out in accordance with Federal Law No. 253-FZ of September 27, 2013, On the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Reorganization of State Academies of Sciences and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation and the RAS Charter and was aimed at implementing the strategic directions of the country’s development, defined in the messages of President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin of 2018−2021 and 2023 and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, as well as at developing science in the Russian Federation and increasing the potential, efficiency, and performance of scientific research, including with account account for the large-scale sanctions against Russia. The General Meeting of RAS members adopted a resolution.

Introductory article

On May 23 and 24, 2023, a regular General Meeting of members of the Russian Academy of Sciences was held in Moscow, in the Great Hall of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was attended by First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation A.R. Belousov, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation K.I. Kosachev, First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation A.D. Zhukov, Minister of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation V.N. Fal'kov, Minister of Health of the Russian Federation M.A. Murashko. The meeting was also attended by the chairmen of the relevant committee of the State Duma and the Federation Council; deputy ministers; presidents of Russian academies of education, arts, architecture, and construction sciences; and representatives of state corporations.