General Matter Research Articles

Implementation procedures for EU development policy in Poland

EU law obliges Member States to introduce such management and control systems for the implementation of financial instruments on their territory to ensure their proper functioning and compliance with the objectives and principles of EU development policy. Within the limits set by the principles and provisions of treaty and statutory law, Member States are free to design these systems. The aim of the article is to present an outline of the national model for the implementation of EU funds in Poland from a procedural perspective (described in full detail in the author's monograph cited below). The study mainly used a methodology of analytical research (modelling) and doctrinal legal research (analysis of subject literature) with elements of comparative legal research. The analysis shows that the research results indicate that the most frequently used and at the same time the basic method of implementing development policy instruments is using special administrative procedures. These procedures (referred to in the doctrine as third generation procedures) differ from the general administrative procedure in certain elements like stronger formalization, accelerating the trial, methods of proof, remedies, and others. Due to the administrative nature of these proceedings, the control of decisions or other acts issued in them is exercised before administrative courts. Only some disputes relating to claims arising from co-finance decision or contracts and other claims in contractual or tortious matters are settled in the polish common courts. Such construction and specificity of the characterized system is justified by the purposes and functions of EU development policy and nature of its financial instruments. Also for this reason the requirements placed on implementation procedures in terms of their public accessibility and functionality should be seen from a different perspective than standard jurisdictional procedures, designed for general administrative or civil matters.

Implementation of Official’s Mutation in Bengkulu’s Government: Fiqh Siyasah Perspective

Implementation of the mutation of officials was carried out by the Mayor of Bengkulu, which based on a case study that occurred in 2018, the mutation was considered to violate the law and was also considered to be legally flawed and not in accordance with existing regulations. The purposes of this study include: (1) To explain the implementation of mutations in the government of Bengkulu City. (2) To analyze the views of fiqh siyasa on the implementation of the Bengkulu City transfer. The method used in writing this journal is field researchusing qualitative methods. The technique used in collecting data is by observing, interviewing, and documenting. The data analysis used in this study is qualitative analysis using deductive reasoning methods, namely describing general matters and then drawing specific conclusions according to the problems discussed in this study. The results of this study found that in practice, the transfer of officials in the Bengkulu City government had not been carried out properly, as evidenced by case studies of violations that occurred in 2018 and 2019 where the replacement of officials was carried out without written approval from the Minister of Home Affairs. Meanwhile, in the fiqh analysis, siyasah is known as the wizarah namely as a person who is an assistant to the head of state with authority or power in the field of government. And in practice it is still contrary to the principle of wizarah where every assistant to the caliph must pay attention to the rules and regulations that have been set.

Vaccine Policies in the Workplace

This research examined individuals’ evaluations of organizational policies regarding vaccines. Study 1 found that individuals’ vaccine hesitancy was negatively related to how legitimate it is for organizations to intervene in employees’ vaccination, and this negative relationship became weaker as individuals’ attitudes toward voluntary vaccination policies became stronger. Additionally, the negative relationship between vaccine hesitancy and the legitimacy of intervention in vaccination became weaker as individuals were more likely to think it was legitimate for organizations to intervene in employees’ general matters. Study 2 prepared scenarios where organizational policies varied in rigidity (mandatory vs. voluntary vaccination) and the policies were implemented fairly or unfairly and examined the extent to which individuals could trust the organization. Study 2’s findings showed that voluntary vaccination and fair implementation of the policy increase organizational trust in comparison to mandated vaccination and unfair implementation. Based on these findings, this research highlights the importance of considering vaccine policies in the workplace from multiple angles. With varying views on vaccination, research in this area can have the potential to promote effective vaccine policies and ultimately improve public health.

Filsafat Pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara sebagai Landasan Pendidikan Vokasi di Era Kurikulum Merdeka

The Merdeka Curriculum tries to restore the paradigm of Indonesian education in accordance with Ki Hajar Dewantara's Educational Philosophy. Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy which upholds meeting the needs of students as the main goal of education. Fulfilling students' needs by optimizing their potential through the pamong and among systems is based on the motto Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodho, Ing Madya Mbangun Karso, Tut Wuri Handayani. These three mottoes will later be implemented in the Pamong and Among systems in Student Centered-based learning so that later there will be harmony between creativity, sense of initiative and character. The implementation of Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy is evident in the learning outcomes in vocational education in general subject matters and vocational subject matters. It is clear that the government's efforts to prepare students to become future generations are ready to compete in the coming era.

Strategi Guru dalam Melaksanakan Pembelajaran Luar Jaringan Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Kelas IV C Sekolah Dasar Negeri I Kota Bengkulu

This study aims to describe the teacher's strategy in implementing offline learning during the COVID-19 pandemic related to preliminary activities, core learning activities, and closing activities for offline learning in class IV C of SD Negeri 1 Bengkulu City. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The research instrument used observation and interview guidelines. The data analysis technique uses the steps, namely, data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and concluding. The validity of the data used triangulation and member check. The results showed that in carrying out learning outside the network during the COVID-19 pandemic in class IV C of SD Negeri 1 Bengkulu City in the preliminary learning activities, the teacher said greetings, invited students to pray, gave apperception, motivation, literacy, explained the general subject matter and explain the learning objectives. In the core learning activities, the teacher uses the Discovery Learning (DL) model, lecture and question and answer learning methods, audiovisual learning media, and lesson module teaching materials which contain material from thematic books K13 and there are also materials taken from Bupena. In closing learning activities, the teacher provides formative tests, feedback, follow-up, provides reinforcement, invites students to pray, and ends with saying greetings. Keywords: Descriptive Studies, Teacher Strategies, preliminary activities, core learning, closing learning

GRAND STRATEGY AND MILITARY IMPLICATIONS OF NEW RUSSIA’S MILITARY DOCTRINE IN 21ST CENTURY: GEOSTRATEGIC ASPECTS OF HYBRID WARFARE STRATEGY AGAINST GEORGIA AND UKRAINE

: A paper reflects new dimensions of New Cold War geostrategic balance implications at pan-regional (European) and regional (Black Sea) levels that already has been transformed into classical hybrid warfare between the Russian Federation and NATO due to the Russia’s invasion into Ukraine. Currently adopted military doctrine of the Russian Federation envisages engagement into two military conflicts simultaneously and constructed its strategic operational framework founded on incorporation of three combat elements: military, non-military and information warfare measures and proper concepts. Hence, it means that Russia can begin war-game scenarios at the same time against two neighboring nations as it occurs at time being against Ukraine and Georgia. At that respect, the incumbent Russian military leadership in aegis of so-called “Gerasimov Doctrine” is promoting hybrid warfare as a key dominant grand strategy with relevant theater strategy and operational art elements (for instance, operational – strategic command HQ “South” and 5 Army Corp HQs). The military “muscle” could easily skew and twist European security environment that is much unprepared to the geostrategic challenge – Crimea occupation and annexation in 2014, war with Georgia in 2008, hybrid attack to Estonia in 2007 and very recently large-scale military intervention in Azov Sea and pending regional hegemony conditions in Caspian Basin. These military asymmetric challenges and risks deriving from the arms race derailed by the Russia’s incumbent authority, and security dilemma embroiled with by the elements of WMD are sufficient indications why the European security is plausible fragile against such challenges. From academic standpoint, the thesis deals in analyzing with the most dangerous threat targeting the European security architecture – asymmetric military challenge and realization of which is pursued in wagging hybrid war against Georgia and Ukraine. The new type of warfare is a probe stone perfected against these two post-Soviet nations indicates and poses real menace, mainly geostrategic origin, easily targeted NATO member-states, including Poland. The article predisposes reflection and understanding true meaning of so-called “Gerasimov Doctrine” and the whole new version of Military Doctrine of Russia and how it is implemented at the stage. A shift transformation takes place in realms of contemporary century warfare doctrinal planning and the transformation has already implicated of identifying new type of warfare strategy – asymmetric war with representation of hybrid warfare that contributing in re-shaping a grand strategy that allows policymakers to steer through the uncertainties of a complex international security environment; Elaboration real content and new definition of “hybrid war” and its dualfold implications how to quell and deal with asymmetric military challenges and risks and how to cause the challenges on its matter. Moreover, it describes and review reformatting modality in planning and wagging war due to the military technology development that contributed to a far more complicated strategic environment for war than that of previous century. In that respect is to be identified new style of warfare – Urbanistic warfare presented in 2008 August Russia-Georgia war as well as in war in Ukraine (Mariupol battle) new definition of the warfare in general matter.

Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor

A Study on Satisfaction of Teachers Taking Charge of Innovative Education District in Gyeonggi-do: Focusing on the Case of the P Area in Gyeonggi-do

Objectives This is a research and analysis on the perception of teachers in charge of the introduction and operation of the innovative education district in Gyeonggi-do Province P. The purpose is to redesign the innovative education district project in the P area based on the analysis. Methods A survey was conducted on 108 teachers in charge of the innovative education district in Gyeonggi-do P, and a research method was used on the operation of the innovation education district. Results First, the innovative education district, which started in 6 regions of Gyeonggi-do in 2011, has been extended to 16 provincial offices of education. Also, the innovative education district is set as the future education direction. Second, for teachers, the general matters of the innovative education district, teacher satisfaction, and the satisfaction level was 4.13, 4.22, and 4.02, which was a high average. On the other hand, it appears necessary to redesign the project by gathering feedback from multiple areas, such as teachers, parents, and village activists, since the village school utilizing local resources responded with a "3.80" and the awareness of world culture for multicultural understanding with a "3.85". Third, as a result of the average analysis of the innovative education district survey of teachers in area P, significant results according to their teaching career were clearly revealed. In particular, those with less than 10-15 years of teaching experience generally gave positive and high scores to the questionnaire responses. This seems to be the case since the majority of teachers with between 10 and 15 years of experience are head teachers or young teachers in their 40s, who are engaged in the education industry and possess a deep knowledge of the sector. Conclusions This is the expansion of the innovative education district, and it should be operated as a project with the village community and parents, not as a teacher-centered project. Periodic teacher training is necessary to go together.

Legal regulation of medical care with the use of telemedical technologies by regulatory acts of the Russian Federation

Introduction. The development of the information component of the health care system, as part of the social security system, is an inevitable process. Since 2018, the possibility of providing medical care using telemedicine technologies has been enshrined at the legislative level in the Russian Federation [1]. The purpose of the study was to determine the regulation of relations for the provision of medical care using telemedicine technologies by the regulations of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The authors conducted a system-structural study based on the study of the legislative framework presented in the Consultant Plus system. To ensure the greatest completeness of information by the introduced limitation of the study, a requirement was adopted for the relevance of the action of the legal acts in question. Results. The issues of legal regulation of the provision of medical care using telemedicine technologies at the legislative level are spelled out in detail. The Constitution of the Russian Federation defines the fundamental provisions on medical care and health protection. No. 323-FZ Federal law is a law [9] that regulates the rights of citizens in the field of health care, it contains rules on the use of telemedicine technologies in the provision of medical care [10]. Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the provision of medical care using telemedicine technologies can be divided into groups: acts on the management of health care, on the financing of medical care, and acts of a program nature. Discussion. However, the current regulation is not without its shortcomings. Thus, the establishment of many formal requirements for the conditions and procedure for the provision of medical services using telemedicine technologies is seen as ambiguous. Conclusion. The study showed that the system of sources of legal regulation of the provision of medical care using telemedicine technologies: fixed at all levels with the priority of acts of the federal level, regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation only in general matters, mainly prescribed by Federal Law No. 323-FZ [1], defined in detail by Order No. 965n [2], needs to maintain the constant relevance of the sources of legal regulation.

Wagner's Furious Host

Wagner's Furious Host

A Survey on the Color of Bedroom Space in the Youth Generation According to Independence

Among the residential spaces, the bedroom space is the space where the young generation spends the longest time, so care should be taken in color planning so that they can spend a more satisfying time. In addition, the color environment is also different because there is a difference in the shape of the space used by the young generation and the degree of consideration when choosing the color of the bedroom space depending on the independence. Therefore, this study conducted a survey of 201 young people from March to September 2021 consisting of general matters, color preferences, matters for understanding the actual situation, and matters regarding current colors and desired colors. As a result, the younger generation preferred achromatic colors, especially white, more than chromatic colors in the bedroom space, and hoped that the most preferred color would be used depending on whether they were independent or not. The youth generation is expected to be a helpful resource for color planning that meets individual preferences as their housing types are diverse as their circumstances are diverse, such as college students and newlyweds.

A Longitudinal, Qualitative Examination of Participant Intent-To-Change Statements that do not Match the Stated Learning Objectives of American Association of Neurological Surgeons–Sponsored Continuing Medical Education Activities

Continuing medical education (CME) programs are planned to provide medical professionals with the opportunity to stay abreast of new developments in their field. After each program, CME attendees are given the chance to evaluate the success of the activity in meeting its defined learning objectives. Over one-third of intent-to-change statements from CME evaluations do not match the stated learning objectives. We examined unmatched objectives and intent-to-change statements to determine their usefulness for future meeting planning. This retrospective mixed-method content analysis used quantitative, deductive content analysis to compare intent-to-change statements and learning objectives from American Association of Neurological Surgeons-sponsored CME activities to explore unintended learning themes. We examined 85 CME activities with 424 meeting objectives and 1950 intent-to-change statements. Approximately 37% of intent-to-change statements were unrelated to any meeting objective, and 15% of learning objectives had no associated intent-to-change statements. Among unmatched objectives, those regarding more general subject matter often failed to be met with intent-to-change statements for multiple years, whereas those related to clinical practice were more likely to be unmatched for only 1year. Some CME learning objectives are repeated for the same meeting for multiple years without change, although 22.6% of unmatched intent-to-change statements led to new learning objectives in subsequent years. An analysis of intent-to-change statements that are unmatched to meeting learning objectives is a potential avenue for understanding outcomes of CME activities. Our observations about general versus specific learning objective language may prove useful for CME planners' future educational event formulation.

“IF WE DIDN’T EAT THEM, THEY WOULDN’T EXIST” The Nonidentity Problem’s Implications for Animals (Including Humans)

“IF WE DIDN’T EAT THEM, THEY WOULDN’T EXIST” The Nonidentity Problem’s Implications for Animals (Including Humans)

여대생의 진로장벽과 진로스트레스가 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study examined the effect of Career Barrier and Career Stress on the Career Preparation Behavior of Female College Students on Mediation Effects of Career Resilience.
 Methods For these purposes, 380 female college students were selected as the subjects of this study to conduct a self-written online survey, and frequency analysis, technical statistical analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted to understand the general matters of the study. To verify that career barrier, career stress, career preparation behavior, and career resilience showed significant differences, an independent sample t-test and a One-way ANOVA were conducted, and Schefft’s post-test was conducted for variables showing significant differences. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to verify the mediating effect of career resilience on the path in which career barriers and career stress affect career preparation behavior.
 Results The major results are as follows. First, it was found that career barriers of female college students had a significant negative (-) effect on career preparation behavior. Second, it was found that female college students career stress had a significant negative (-) effect on career preparation behavior. Third, it was found that career resilience played a partial mediating role in the relationship between career barriers and career preparation behavior of female college students. Fourth, it was found that career resilience played a partial mediating role in the relationship between career stress and career preparation behavior of female college students.
 Conclusions Furthermore, the Career Barrier and Career Stress extend to the related research by checking the mediated effects of career resilience in the path of predicting Career Preparation Behavior. The relevance of the current findings in terms of establishing appropriate intervention strategies for career counseling clients was discussed and the limitations of the current study and suggestions for future studies are also included.

Influence and behavioral pattern of university students’ participation in decision-making on socio-scientific issues

ABSTRACT Background and purpose Most studies have agreed on the benefits of students’ participation in discussing socio-scientific issues (SSIs), but few have focused on the serial behaviors through which students declare their positions. Design and method This study analyzed the serial behaviors of university students when participating in the discussion of SSIs, with an aim to understand their performance in scientific ability and attitude toward science and technology through quasi-experimental designs with pre-and post-test. Additionally, a lag sequential analysis (LSA) of students’ decision-making mode was conducted. The measurement tools included ‘Assessment of scientific competency’ and ‘Questionnaire of attitude toward emerging technologies’. The participants were two classes of university students enrolled in a general education course and an introductory course in natural science. One class was the experimental group, which discussed four socio-scientific issues, and the other class was the control group, which studied general scientific matters. A total of 82 students were involved. Results The one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that undergraduate students significantly improved their competency in designing and evaluating scientific inquiry, but not in explaining phenomena scientifically and interpreting data and evidence scientifically. The LSA results demonstrated students spent much time collecting and sorting research data when arguing over and discussing the issues. Still, there was no significant serial behavior from position to know (research) to making a claim (sign). On the contrary, while students discuss similar to the discussion topic (analogy) or repeat to sustain a commitment to particular ideas (commitment), they have a significant transition to make a claim. Conclusion These results strengthen our understanding that undergraduate students regard similar cases or commitments are crucial aspects of socio-scientific decision-making and the serial behavior of students in decision-making on SSIs.

Catalytic Antibodies in Bipolar Disorder: Serum IgGs Hydrolyze Myelin Basic Protein

The pathogenesis of bipolar affective disorder is associated with immunological imbalances, a general pro-inflammatory status, neuroinflammation, and impaired white matter integrity. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the major proteins in the myelin sheath of brain oligodendrocytes. For the first time, we have shown that IgGs isolated from sera of bipolar patients can effectively hydrolyze human myelin basic protein (MBP), unlike other test proteins. Several stringent criteria were applied to assign the studied activity to serum IgG. The level of MBP-hydrolyzing activity of IgG from patients with bipolar disorder was statistically significantly 1.6-folds higher than that of healthy individuals. This article presents a detailed characterization of the catalytic properties of MBP-hydrolyzing antibodies in bipolar disorder, including the substrate specificity, inhibitory analysis, pH dependence of hydrolysis, and kinetic parameters of IgG-dependent MBP hydrolysis, providing the heterogeneity of polyclonal MBP-hydrolyzing IgGs and their difference from canonical proteases. The ability of serum IgG to hydrolyze MBP in bipolar disorder may become an additional link between the processes of myelin damage and inflammation.

Case Study Approach to Conducting and Designing Qualitative Investigation for Business Researchers

Research into social problems, problems of deviation, of control and of crisis and the like, the general subject matter to which social problems are devoted is still mainly feasible through methods which yield qualitative data. Indeed, a method of analyzing qualitative interview data can be outlined as a stage-by-stage process. This research offers a resource guide for qualitative researchers in social science investigations, discussing data collection techniques, data analysis, reporting, and the issues of validity, reliability, and ethics adopting the qualitative context. This study further provides an overview of important concepts (manifest and latent content, unit of analysis, meaning unit, condensation, abstraction, content area, code, category and theme) related to qualitative content analysis. The research would serve as a resource guide for qualitative researchers in the field of business and the social sciences, discussing data collection techniques, data analysis, reporting, and the issues of trustworthiness, dependability, credibility and ethics. Keywords: Case Studies, Manual Analysis, In-depth Interviews, Qualitative Research, Research Methodology.

Intractable Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: General Matters about Orthostatic Hypotension and Cautionary Notes through Our Observed Refractory Cases

Some patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy suffer from orthostatic hypotension as a result of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. Other complicated dysfunctions, such as spinal hypertension, hinder the management of orthostatic hypotension. A combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is required for successful treatment. In this article, I first discuss general matters regarding orthostatic hypotension, after which I describe refractory cases of orthostatic hypotension I have encountered in clinical practice.

A Latent Profile Analysis for the Study of Multiple Screen Addiction, Mobile Social Gaming Addiction, General Mattering, and Family Sense of Belonging in University Students.

During the COVID-19 period, individuals who physically isolated themselves from the social environment increased their screen time compared to before, and the time spent in the family environment increased. Increasing screen time is considered a factor that increases addiction. In this context, the purpose of this study was to examine the profiles of university students according to multiple screen addiction, mobile social online gaming addiction, and general mattering. The participants of this study are 588 university students. Personal information form and four different scales were used in the study. The latent profile analysis was used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, four different sets of participants were formed. The variables excessive behavior, compulsive behavior, and loss of control increase the likelihood that students will be clustered in the average profile. It was observed that all variables except gender and age increased the probability of clustering in the medium multiple screen addiction low gamers profile. It was observed that excessive behavior, compulsive behavior, and loss of control variables increased the probability of clustering in the high multiple screen addiction high gamers profile. As a stronger predictor than other profiles, it was determined that the probability of students performing high multiple screen addiction high gameplay activities was approximately 3 times more than the students in profile 1.

The generalized first law for more general matter

In previous work, a first law of generalized entropy was derived from semiclassical gravitational dynamics around thermal setups using an assumed relation between the matter modular Hamiltonian and the gravitational stress tensor. Allowing for non-minimal coupling between curvature and any tensor matter fields, we show however, that the modular Hamiltonian of thermal states is given by the integrated bulk Noether current associated to time translation plus a spacetime boundary term. One generally cannot express this in terms of gravitational stress tensor components. Still, working with the correct expression for the modular Hamiltonian, we are able to recover a first law of generalized entropy, with added benefits over the previous result. Firstly, any Wald-Dong contributions to generalized entropy resulting from non-minimal coupling between matter and curvature are included. Secondly, in gravitational equations of motion, we allow for a non-vanishing stress tensor expectation value in the unperturbed background and state, and account for background field perturbations as part of its variation. Finally, the quantum matter is allowed to contribute nontrivially to asymptotic energy, e.g. as is necessary, even for a minimally coupled Maxwell field, to recover the expected thermodynamic first law of charged black holes.