General Field Research Articles

Dynamical and topological properties of the spin angular momenta in general electromagnetic fields

Spin angular momenta play important roles in light–matter interactions, leading to the emergence of the spin Hall effect and topological quasiparticles in modern optics. The typical approach is to decompose the spins of plane electromagnetic waves into longitudinal and transverse components, yet this description is not easily transferable to more structured electromagnetic environments. Here, we developed a field theory to reveal the physical origin and topological properties of longitudinal and transverse spins for arbitrary electromagnetic waves (including water waves and acoustic waves) in both near-field and free space. For electromagnetic waves carrying intrinsic helicity, we observed the emergence of helicity-dependent transverse spin possessing helicity-dependent spin-momentum locking. To verify that the number of spin-momentum locking states coincides with the spin Chern number, we experimentally measured the three-dimensional spin angular momentum densities of Bloch-type optical skyrmions. Our findings yield valuable insight for constructing spin-based field theory and exploiting optical topological quasiparticle-based applications.

Concept of human capital in the context of innovative development and its place in the system of related economic categories

Despite its relatively short history, the concept of human capital has evolved into a significant number of different definitions, affecting an increasing number of elements that are inherent in the work of a modern person. The growing importance of human capital in the accumulation of national wealth, the general trends in the humanization of economic science, the peculiarities of labor characteristic of the innovative economy, led to the emergence of new elements describing a person's labor activity and labor opportunities, and the entry into circulation of a number of seemingly overlapping related categories that complemented the already existing conceptual and categorical apparatus in this area. The purpose of the article is to distinguish the main concepts developed by economic theory that characterize human labor capabilities, as well as to determine the place of the category human capital in the system of these related categories. Special attention is paid to new concepts that have arisen as a result of setting the tasks of innovative development. The result of the study is the systematization of the concepts considered in a general terminological field. Such systematization seems necessary both for theoretical clarification of the conceptual apparatus of labor market research, employment, accumulation of human resources, and for practical application in the field of state policy to improve the national education system and labor market regulation in the context of innovative development.

Impact of brand equity and service quality on the reputation of universities and students’ intention to choose them: The case of IIUM and UIN

Background:Numerous studies have been carried out on the impacts of brand equity and service quality of higher education institutions (HEIs) on their reputation and students’ satisfaction. This research aimed to compare the impact of brand equity and service quality on universities’ reputations, namely Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) in Indonesia and International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in Malaysia, and Indonesian students’ intention to choose the universities, which is moderated by study expense (price). UIN and IIUM are HEIs with a similar university concept, and Indonesian students have recently shown a high interest in them. The two universities have faculties not only in the field of Islamic studies but in general fields of studies as well, which are usually held by non-Islamic Universities. Therefore, their competitiveness against non-Islamic universities, especially the University of Indonesia (UI) has increased.Methods:The statistical measurement tool used was structural equation modeling (SEM). The number of items stated in the questionnaire was 45. Therefore, minimum data to be collected were 5 × 45 or 225 which rounded up to 228 from Indonesian students at UIN and IIUM (114 UIN students, and 114 Indonesian student respondents from IIUM).Results:The study results show that the universities’ reputations are strongly affected by their brand equity and service quality, which then affect students’ intention to choose the universities. Students had a higher intention to choose IIUM than UIN. The limitation of this research is that the effect of study expense on the intention of Indonesian students to study at UIN or IIUM has not yet been conducted. It will be conducted in the next study.Conclusions:These results are expected to be useful to UIN, IIUM, and especially Politeknik Negeri Jakarta (PNJ) in determining a strategy to enhance their reputations and the intention of Indonesian students to study there.

Investigation of a Flux-Switching Machine With U-V-Array Permanent Magnet Arrangement for Traction Applications

This paper investigates a flux-switching (FS) machine with U-V-array permanent magnet (PM) arrangement, termed UV-FSPM. The key design is to construct parallel magnetic circuit by adopting U-V-array PMs. Based on the parallel magnetic circuit, the operating principle of the UV-FSPM is illustrated. To provide a deeper insight into the torque enhancement mechanism, the analytical model of the UV-FSPM is built by using the general air-gap field modulation theory. It is found that the U-V-array PMs can significantly enhance the dominant working harmonic which effectively contributes to torque enhancement of the investigated UV-FSPM. To reveal the impact of key parameters on torque performances, the parametric optimization of the UV-FSPM is conducted. The electromagnetic performances of three FSPMs are comparatively studied by finite element analysis (FEA). It is proved that the investigated UV-FSPM exhibits the highest torque density and highest PM utilization ratio within the pool. Finally, a prototype of the UV-FSPM is fabricated and tested for verification of the investigated concepts.

Averaged energy conditions for vector fields

In this work we shall obtain sufficient conditions for the appearance of singularities in gravitational theories which propagate an extra vector degree of freedom, based on the known relaxations of the singularity theorems. We study the cases of a general Proca field and a vector theory with stable self-derivative interactions. In this study we show several cases of singularities that usually would be considered as potentially singularity-free, since they violate the usual point-like energy conditions.

Uncovering English as a foreign language teacher resilience: a structural equation modeling approach

Abstract While teacher resilience has gained wide currency in the general education field, empirical research on language teacher resilience is still insufficient, especially with regard to the exploration of its inner structure. Against this backdrop, this study utilized a quantitative approach to investigate the structure of English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher resilience. An adapted Chinese version of the Multidimensional Teachers’ Resilience Scale (MTRS) was completed by 539 Chinese junior high school EFL teachers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided an acceptable fit for the 13-item MTRS and identified a tri-factorial structure of teacher resilience concerning professional competence, sociability, and grit. Based on these findings, the paper offers some implications for developing studies on language teacher resilience in the future.

Field Screening for Tomato Spotted Wilt and White Mold (Stem Rot) Resistance among Peanut Genotypes

White mold (WM), stem rot, and southern blight are common names for the same soilborne peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) disease caused by Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C. C. Tu & Kimbr. = Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Tomato spotted wilt is a systemic foliar peanut disease caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The objective of this study was to screen several currently available peanut genotypes (cultivars and breeding lines) for combined general field resistance to both of these diseases. Results from these field tests showed significant differences (P≤0.05) among the peanut genotypes evaluated for combined resistance to both WM and TSWV. The overall three-year (2018-20) average found that ‘Georgia-12Y’ had among the lowest percent incidence of mid-season TSWV, mid-late season TSWV+WM, late-season WM+TSWV, WM after digging, and the highest pod yield compared to other runner-type peanut cultivars. FloRun ‘331’ was found to have comparable WM resistance as Georgia-12Y, however it was also found to be susceptible to TSWV. ‘Georgia-14N’ was found to have moderate TSWV and WM resistance similar to ‘Georgia-07W’, and it also has a high-level of root-knot nematode (RKN) resistance.

Upgrading of the general AMBER force field 2 for fluorinated alcohol biosolvents: A validation for water solutions and melittin solvation.

The standard GAFF2 force field parameterization has been refined for the fluorinated alcohols 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-one (HFA), which are commonly used to study proteins and peptides in biomimetic media. The structural and dynamic properties of both proteins and peptides are significantly influenced by the biomimetic environment created by the presence of these cosolvents in aqueous solutions. Quantum mechanical calculations on stable conformers were used to parameterize the atomic charges. Different systems, such as pure liquids, aqueous solutions, and systems formed by melittin protein and cosolvent/water solutions, have been used to validate the new models. The calculated macroscopic and structural properties are in agreement with experimental findings, supporting the validity of the newly proposed models.

Model‐Independent Study for a Quintessence Model of Dark Energy: Analysis and Observational Constraints

AbstractIn this paper, a well‐motivated parameterization of the Hubble parameter (H) is revisited that renders two models of dark energy showing some intriguing features of the late‐time accelerating Universe. A general quintessence field is considered as a source of dark energy. Tighter constraints using recently updated cosmic observational datasets for the considered models have been obtained. The two models described here show a nice fit to the considered uncorrelated Hubble datasets, Standard candles, Gamma Ray Bursts, Quasars, and uncorrelated Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations datasets. Using the constrained values of the model parameters, some features of the late‐time accelerating models and obtained the present value of the deceleration parameter (q0), the present value of the Hubble parameter (H0) and the transition redshift () from deceleration to acceleration have been discussed. The current value of the deceleration parameter for both models is consistent with the Planck 2018 results. The evolution of the geometrical and physical parameters is discussed through graphical representations for both models with some diagnostic analysis. The statistical analysis performed here shows greater results and overall, the outcomes of this investigation are superior to those previously found.

Non-CES Aggregators: A Guided Tour

The constant-elasticity-of-substitution (CES) aggregator and its demand system are ubiquitous in business cycles theory, macroeconomic growth and development, international trade and other general equilibrium fields; this is because the CES aggregator has many knife-edge properties that help to keep the analysis tractable in the presence of many goods and factors. However, this also makes it hard to tell which properties of CES are responsible for certain results. Furthermore, it is necessary to relax some of those properties for certain applications. In this article, I review several classes of non-CES aggregators, each of which removes some properties of CES and keeps the rest to introduce some flexibility while retaining the tractability of CES as much as possible. These classes are named after the properties of CES they keep. I explain how these classes are related to each other and discuss their relative strengths and weaknesses to indicate which classes are suited for which applications.

Oxygen Isotope Alterations during the Reduction of U3O8 to UO2 for Nuclear Forensics Applications.

The fabrication of UO2 from U3O8 is an essential reaction in the nuclear fuel cycle. The oxygen isotope fractionation associated with this reaction has significant implications in the general field of nuclear forensics. Hence, the oxygen isotope fractionation during the reduction of U3O8 to UO2 was determined in the temperature range of 500-700 °C and for a duration of 2 to 6 h under a high-purity H2 atmosphere. Three U3O8 samples, possessing a different oxygen isotopic composition, were used to investigate key parameters involved with the fractionation during the reduction process. All UO2 products did not maintain the original isotope composition of the starting U3O8 under all conditions. The results show that the system UO2-H2O attains isotope equilibrium at 600 °C, provided the reduction process lasts at least 4 h or more. At 600 °C, UO2 was isotopically depleted by 2.89 ± 0.82‰ compared to the U3O8 from which it was produced. We find that the H2O formed during the reduction plays a major role in determining the final δ18O of UO2 prepared from U3O8. The isotope equilibrium of the system UO2-H2O at 600 °C was calculated, indicating that δ18O of the H2O was enriched by about 11‰ relative to the UO2 due to the uranium mass effect. These findings could potentially have important implications for nuclear forensics, as they provide a new method for determining the history of UO2 samples and tracing back their production process.

Change Point-based Spatio-temporal Process Modeling of Image Degradation for Manufacturing Process

As an advent of smart factory technology, data-driven condition-based maintenance (CBM) is developed to automatically control the production process in engineering field. CBM usually focuses on diagnosing the production status based on real-time data from the sensors. In general manufacturing field, the performance of production equipment gradually decreases due to the wear or deterioration of equipment. To determine if the process is in-control, degradation modeling of observed data from the equipment and its statistical inference is conducted. In this paper, we propose image-based degradation modeling and change-point detection using spatio-temporal process (STP). To describe the deteriorating patterns of image observation, degradation based on spatial and temporal relationship is conducted. At the same time, change-point is estimated to distinguish the degradation under normal and abnormal production status. Through the application to the image stream in real industry, the proposed monitoring scheme `vely conduct the bi-phase representation providing the change-point of manufacturing processes.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of different parts of Prunella vulgaris by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UPLC

Prunellae Spica is the dried spica of Prunella vulgaris belonging to Labiatae and it is widely used in pharmaceutical and general health fields. As a traditional Chinese medicine cultivated on a large scale, it produces a large amount of non-medicinal parts, which are discarded because they are not effectively used. To analyze the chemical constituents in the different samples from spica, seed, stem, and leaf of P. vulgaris, and explore the application value and development prospect of these parts, this study used ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupoles time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) to detect chemical constituents in different parts of P. vulgaris. As a result, 117 compounds were detected. Among them, 87 compounds were identified, including 32 phenolic acids, 8 flavonoids, and 45 triterpenoid saponins. Some new triterpenoid saponins containing the sugar chain with 4-6 sugar units were found. Further, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted on BPI chromatographic peaks of multiple batches of different parts, and the results showed that spica had the most abundant chemical constituents, including salviaflaside and linolenic acid highly contained in the seed and phenolic acids, flavonoids, and triterpenoid saponins in the stem and leaf. In general, the constituents in the spica were composed of those in the seed, stem, and leaf. UPLC was used to determine the content of 6 phenolic acids(danshensu, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, salviaflaside, and rosmarinic acid) in different parts. The content of other phenolic acids in the seed was generally lower than that in the spica except that of salviaflaside. The content of salviaflaside in the spica was higher than that in the stem and leaf, but the content of other phenolic acids in the spica was not significantly different from that in the stem. The content of protocatechuic aldehyde and caffeic acid in the spica was lower than that in the leaf. DPPH free radical scavenging method was used to detect the antioxidant activity of four parts, and there was no significant difference in the antioxidant activity between the spica and the stem and leaf, but that was significantly higher than the seed. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of these parts was correlated with the content of total phenolic acids. Based on the above findings, the stem and leaf of P. vulgaris have potential application value. Considering the traditional medication rule, it is feasible to use the whole plant as a medicine. Alternatively, salviaflaside, occurring in the seed, can be used as a marker compound for the quality evaluation of Prunellae Spica, if only using spica as the medicinal part of P. vulgaris, as described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).

SMEFT is falsifiable through multi-Higgs measurements (even in the absence of new light particles)

By embedding the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) in the more general Higgs effective field theory (HEFT), we expose correlations among the coefficients of the latter that, if found to be violated in future data, would lead to the experimental falsification of the SMEFT framework. These are derived from the necessary symmetric point of HEFT and analyticity of the SMEFT Lagrangian that allows the construction of the SMEFT expansion, as laid out by other groups, and properties at that point of the Higgs-flare function coupling Goldstone and Higgs bosons, of the Higgs potential V(h) and of the Higgs-top quark coupling function .

Cultural Phenomenon of Mass Event

The purpose of the article is to research urban mass events as a specific form of public communication, its institutional and communicative characteristics, and the peculiarities of its current state. Research methodology. The method of analysis is applied to investigate scientific theories on the key concepts of the study; the method of analogy is used to examine factual materials on the cultural phenomenon of the mass event; the method of comparison contributed to the establishment of common and distinctive advantages in modern mass events. The cultural approach has become the key to the theoretical justification of the phenomenology of modern events as phenomena of cultural and practical activity. The scientific novelty of the work is an attempt to theoretically conceptualise the phenomenon of mass events from the standpoint of the cultural approach as phenomena that are an important factor in the formation of socio-cultural aspects of social development, and its value self-determination. Conclusions. Mass festivals and spectacles exist in every society as an indispensable institution, a social and cultural phenomenon that unites different segments of the population, forming a peculiar form of regulation of human activity. It is a dynamic structure, the development of which is carried out in the general field of the historical and cultural environment, which determines the nature and content. Mass festivals and spectacles as the most important component of the history and modernity of culture are an integral element of the socio-cultural system, and with a reasonable approach to this phenomenon, could serve as a guarantee of social harmony and integration. Key words: Ukrainian national holidays, modern events, mass events, cultural phenomenon.

A compartmental model for Xylella fastidiosa diseases with explicit vector seasonal dynamics.

The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is mainly transmitted by the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius in Europe, where it has caused significant economic damage to olive and almond trees. Understanding the factors that determine disease dynamics in pathosystems that share similarities can help to design control strategies focused on minimizing transmission chains. Here we introduce a compartmental model for Xf-caused diseases in Europe that accounts for the main relevant epidemiological processes, including the seasonal dynamics of P. spumarius. The model was confronted with epidemiological data from the two major outbreaks of Xf in Europe, the olive quick disease syndrome (OQDS) in Apulia, Italy, caused by the subspecies pauca, and the almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD) in Mallorca, Spain, caused by subspecies multiplex and fastidiosa. Using a Bayesian inference framework, we show how the model successfully reproduces the general field data in both diseases. In a global sensitivity analysis, the vector-plant and plant-vector transmission rates, together with the vector removal rate, were the most influential parameters in determining the time of the infectious host population peak, the incidence peak and the final number of dead hosts. We also used our model to check different vector-based control strategies, showing that a joint strategy focused on increasing the rate of vector removal while lowering the number of annual newborn vectors is optimal for disease control.

Impact of brand equity and service quality on the reputation of universities and students' intention to choose them: The case of IIUM and UIN.

Background: Numerous studies have been carried out on the impacts of brand equity and service quality of higher education institutions (HEIs) on their reputation and students' satisfaction. This research aimed to compare the impact of brand equity and service quality on universities' reputations, namely Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) in Indonesia and International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in Malaysia, and Indonesian students' intention to choose the universities, which is moderated by study expense (price). UIN and IIUM are HEIs with a similar university concept, and Indonesian students have recently shown a high interest in them. The two universities have faculties not only in the field of Islamic studies but in general fields of studies as well, which are usually held by non-Islamic Universities. Therefore, their competitiveness against non-Islamic universities, especially the University of Indonesia (UI) has increased. Methods: The statistical measurement tool used was structural equation modeling (SEM). The number of items stated in the questionnaire was 45. Therefore, minimum data to be collected were 5 × 45 or 225 which rounded up to 228 from Indonesian students at UIN and IIUM (114 UIN students, and 114 Indonesian student respondents from IIUM). Results: The study results show that the universities' reputations are strongly affected by their brand equity and service quality, which then affect students' intention to choose the universities. Students had a higher intention to choose IIUM than UIN. The limitation of this research is that the effect of study expense on the intention of Indonesian students to study at UIN or IIUM has not yet been conducted. It will be conducted in the next study. Conclusions: These results are expected to be useful to UIN, IIUM, and especially Politeknik Negeri Jakarta (PNJ) in determining a strategy to enhance their reputations and the intention of Indonesian students to study there.

Exploring computational tools for improved structural design and stability of helical AApeptides

Peptidomimetics have garnered increased attention due to their unique structural properties and self-assembly, as well as their promising applications in material sciences and peptidomimetic drug design. N-acetylated-N-aminoethyl amino acid oligomers (AApeptides), a novel class of helical foldamer, have been effectively utilized to imitate protein helices and regulate protein-protein interactions. While the structures of a series of AApeptides have been determined experimentally, the chemical diversity of AApeptides is impeding the advancement of peptide inhibitor development and high-level architecture design through purely experimental methods. Consequently, there's an urgent need for effective computational tools to facilitate the structural design of more complex systems using AApeptides. While a general AMBER force field (GAFF) can be applied to simulate AApeptides, it is crucial to evaluate the accuracy of such a force field and consider alternatives to enhance accuracy. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics simulations (MD) to assess the stability of a helical AApeptide. Our findings indicate that GAFF alone is insufficient to stabilize the helical structure of our AApeptide. We suggest the use of restraints derived from experimentally determined structures to guide the simulation and maintain this helical structure. Although any set of restraint definitions used in this study can simulate helical packing, a minimum of three points per AApeptide building block restraint is necessary to accurately reproduce the hydrogen bonding pattern.

Calculations of Absolute Solvation Free Energies with Transformato─Application to the FreeSolv Database Using the CGenFF Force Field.

We recently introduced transformato, an open-source Python package for the automated setup of large-scale calculations of relative solvation and binding free energy differences. Here, we extend the capabilities of transformato to the calculation of absolute solvation free energy differences. After careful validation against the literature results and reference calculations with the PERT module of CHARMM, we used transformato to compute absolute solvation free energies for most molecules in the FreeSolv database (621 out of 642). The force field parameters were obtained with the program cgenff (v2.5.1), which derives missing parameters from the CHARMM general force field (CGenFF v4.6). A long-range correction for the Lennard-Jones interactions was added to all computed solvation free energies. The mean absolute error compared to the experimental data is 1.12 kcal/mol. Our results allow a detailed comparison between the AMBER and CHARMM general force fields and provide a more in-depth understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the CGenFF small molecule parameters.

Envisioning The Well-Being of Indonesian General Insurance: Reflecting from The Retrenchment Strategy of Allianz Utama 2022

In the heat of commission war in Indonesian General Insurance industry at the end of 2021, PT Asuransi Allianz Utama Indonesia (the company) took a bold maneuver to stop competing in the high-acquisition-cost market. The company did not stop operating, but consciously executing a significant downsize in targeting due to the exit from the unhealthy market in the motor and property line in Brokers and agency distribution channel. This brave retrenchment strategy resulted in a successful company turnaround in 2022. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this maneuver as a best practice sharing in the industry that is very much needed. The novelty of this study is the first in Indonesian General Insurance retrenchment case. This study became urgent due to the company having made a successful turnaround and needing to decide on the strategy going forward. The method used is primary data interview and secondary data document review to create SWOT matrix analysis for strategy formulation. This study concludes that the retrenchment was a must do maneuver and very much aligned with the condition and strategy fit in the company. Aside from contributing to the company, this study could also contribute to regulator and players in the industry, as a real case example about walking away from saturated market and grabbing untapped opportunities by capitalizing one’s unique strength. It is a recommended strategy for the market players in Indonesian general insurance industry. Also, as the first study in Indonesian general insurance strategy, the implication of this study can become a trigger to a lot of strategic research in the vast Indonesian general insurance field.