General Field Research Articles

Hasse invariant for the tame Brauer group of a higher local field

We generalize the Hasse invariant of local class field theory to the tame Brauer group of a higher dimensional local field, and use it to study the arithmetic of central simple algebras, which are given a priori as tensor products of standard cyclic algebras. We also compute the tame Brauer dimension (or period-index bound) and the cyclic length of a general henselian-valued field of finite rank and finite residue field.

We Must Find a Stronger Theological Voice: A Copeland Dialectic to Address Racism, Bias, and Inequity in Technology

I divide the general field of technology ethics into two distinct parts, the ethics of applied technology and the ethics of technology and society. The former is the subject of volumes, whereas the latter is just beginning to emerge. This essay aims to bring the ethics of technology and society, with its emphasis on issues of bias, injustice, and equity, into conversation with contemporary political theology, and as such uncover new possibilities for theological reflection. To do this, I discuss how current theological utilizations of the common good are insufficient to provide a unique voice to the many biases and injustices within modern technological systems unless they are properly couched in an interruptive mystical-political framework, as defined here by M. Shawn Copeland, through her use of Bernard Lonergan and Johann-Baptist Metz, and marked by forgiveness, reconciliation, witness, memory, and lament.

Operators for generic effective field theory at any dimension: on-shell amplitude basis construction

We describe a general procedure to construct the independent and complete operator bases for generic Lorentz invariant effective field theories, given any kind of gauge symmetry and field content, up to any mass dimension. By considering the operator as contact on-shell amplitude, the so-called amplitude operator correspondence, we provide a unified construction of the Lorentz and gauge and flavor structures by Young Tableau tensor. Several bases are constructed to emphasize different aspects: independence (y-basis and m-basis), repeated fields with flavors (p-basis and f-basis), and conserved quantum numbers (j-basis). We also provide new algorithms for finding the m-basis by defining inner products for group factors and the p-basis by constructing the matrix representations of the Young symmetrizers from group generators. The on-shell amplitude basis gives us a systematic way to convert any operator into such basis, so that the conversions between any other operator bases can be easily done by linear algebra. All of these are implemented in a Mathematica package: ABC4EFT (Amplitude Basis Construction for Effective Field Theories).

Spectrum of the quantum integrable {D}_2^{(2)} spin chain with generic boundary fields

Exact solution of the quantum integrable {D}_2^{(2)} spin chain with generic integrable boundary fields is constructed. It is found that the transfer matrix of this model can be factorized as the product of those of two open staggered anisotropic XXZ spin chains. Based on this identity, the eigenvalues and Bethe ansatz equations of the {D}_2^{(2)} model are derived via off-diagonal Bethe ansatz.

Resonance Maps for 3D Alfvén Waves in a Compressed Dipole Field

AbstractResonance Maps depict the possible locations and polarizations of resonant Alfvén waves (Field Line Resonances – FLRs) for a given equilibrium and driving frequency. Previously the use of Resonance Maps has been developed for gaining insight into the behavior of Alfvén waves in basic potential magnetic fields that allow the use of an orthogonal field aligned coordinate system. In more general magnetic fields these coordinates do not exist. In this paper we explore the application of Resonance Maps to such equilibria. A number of simulations of resonant Alfvén waves are presented and interpreted using the Maps. We find that Resonance Maps remain useful when some of the constructions used previously are generalised to accommodate the properties of more general magnetic fields. For example, Resonance Maps are able to predict the location and polarisation of Alfvén waves which are driven strongly by fast mode waves using a “tangential alignment condition”. Unusual properties, such as Alfvén waves crossing flux surfaces persist in the more general magnetic fields we consider.

Cinematheraphy dalam Islam

Cinematherapy is one of various techniques in therapy, but in this paper the researcher tries to combine cinematherapy techniques and the use of Islamic films in cinematherapy techniques. This study has a purpose, namely, to analyze the development of cinematherapy to help clients, and the lack of specific references that discuss cinematherapy in a religious context. Therefore, this research is here to try to contribute in the academic and social sciences in terms of counseling guidance so that it can contribute to the development of cinematherapy in Islam. The method used in this research is library research from the findings of journals that specifically discuss cinematherapy problems, namely 16 journals obtained through geoogle schoolar, garuda journals, sinta journals, and various searches found. The results of the study found that the cinematherapy technique has a high success rate in terms of general scientific fields but specifically the use of cinematherapy in Islam to overcome client problems has not been found. Therefore, researchers are trying to present Islamic values ​​in cinematherapy techniques as a form of scientific development in the form of cinematherapy as techniques and methods in overcoming client problems Keywords: therapy, film, cinematherapy, islam

Varieties of Selective Influence: Toward a More Complete Taxonomy and Implications for Systems Identification

All science, including psychological science, is subject to what Townsend and Ashby have called the principle of correspondent change which ensures that experimental manipulations act as informed agents with respect to predictions and testing critical theoretical features. Mostly, this type of program goes unspoken. Within the general field known as the information processing approach, S. Sternberg invented the additive factors method in which the aforesaid feature plays a major and explicit role. We call this approach a theory driven methodology because the scientist formulates a set of theories or models and then formulates experimental variables that will permit strong tests among the hypothetical alternatives. Our term for the general approach is systems factorial technology. Often, these tests can be accomplished with qualitative, non-parametric, distribution free methods, but our so-called sieve method advocates, once the initial qualitative steps are accomplished, a move to assessing more detail parametric versions of the model classes. Over the decades, the meta-theory underpinning SFT and like approaches has evidenced dramatic growth in both expanse and depth. Particularly, the critical assumption of selective influence, testable to some extent, has received extensive and sophisticated treatment. The various central allied concepts are interlinked but do not form a simple linearly-ordered chain. This study carries on exploration of the central concepts and relationships and their implications for psychological research.

The Role of Islamic Boarding Schools as Character Building in Facing the Challenges of Modern Life (case study in al barokah boarding school, tunggak crème village, wonomerto district, probolinggo regency)

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the role of islamic boarding school education as character building in facing modern life especially the Al Barokah boarding school. This research is structured whit a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interview, documentation, and observation. The analysis technique using reflective thinking is to combine deductive and inductive ways of thinking and then draw conclusion. Based on the analysis of the data in this study, it can be concluded that the method used by the Al Barokah Islamic Boarding School in Tunggak Cerme Village Wonomerto District Probolinggo Regency, is to improve the character of the student and their female student, by revamping the curriculum and updating management. This can be seen fro the number of qualified and comptetent alumni in all fields, both in the religious and general fields

Recent Intraplate Seismicity in Estonia, East European Platform

Abstract Four Estonian earthquakes were studied, 1.2–2.0 in magnitude and taking place in 2016–2018. Their focal parameters were determined, providing an opportunity to place them in the context of the regional stress field and make tentative geological interpretation of their connection to faults in the Precambrian basement, which is overlain by a 100–600 m thick sequence of sedimentary bedrock. Such research was made feasible by augmenting the permanent three-station Estonian seismic network with seven temporary stations. The analyzed earthquakes were compared with the largest known Estonian earthquake, the 1976 magnitude 4.5 Osmussaar earthquake. The results indicate that it is possible to consider all the five events as expressions of predominantly left-lateral strike-slip movement on north-northwest–south-southeast subvertical faults in concert with the general stress field of northern Europe, which is dominated by plate movement.

Optimal Method of Integer Factorization

The object of the research is performance of integer factorization algorithms and possibility of mathematical methods using in these algorithms. The subject of the research is cryptographic properties GNFS method. Methods of research are methods of the theory of elliptic curves, finite fields, abstract algebra and advanced the theory of factorization algorithms. As a result of this work, the dependence of the properties of a minimal time of factorization and choice of algebraic factor bases over the ring Zn, where n=pq was established. Moreover, we have implemented the general number field sieve (GNFS), which is the most efficient classical algorithm known for factoring integers.

Submillimetre galaxies in two massive protoclusters at z = 2.24: witnessing the enrichment of extreme starbursts in the outskirts of HAE density peaks

ABSTRACT Submillimetre galaxies represent a rapid growth phase of both star formation and massive galaxies. Mapping SMGs in galaxy protoclusters provides key insights into where and how these extreme starbursts take place in connections with the assembly of the large-scale structure in the early Universe. We search for SMGs at 850 $\rm{\mu m}$ using JCMT/SCUBA-2 in two massive protoclusters at z = 2.24, BOSS1244 and BOSS1542, and detect 43 and 54 sources with S850 > 4 mJy at the 4σ level within an effective area of 264 arcmin2, respectively. We construct the intrinsic number counts and find that the abundance of SMGs is 2.0 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 times that of the general fields, confirming that BOSS1244 and BOSS1542 contain a higher fraction of dusty galaxies with strongly enhanced star formation. The volume densities of the SMGs are estimated to be ∼15–30 times the average, significantly higher than the overdensity factor (∼6) traced by H α emission-line galaxies (HAEs). More importantly, we discover a prominent offset between the spatial distributions of the two populations in these two protoclusters – SMGs are mostly located around the high-density regions of HAEs, and few are seen inside these regions. This finding may have revealed for the first time the occurrence of violent star formation enhancement in the outskirts of the HAE density peaks, likely driven by the boosting of gas supplies and/or starburst triggering events. Meanwhile, the lack of SMGs inside the most overdense regions at z ∼ 2 implies a transition to the environment disfavouring extreme starbursts.

A royal wreck? Morpho-technological, elemental and lead isotope analysis of ingots from the Bang Kachai II shipwreck, Thailand

The Bang Kachai II wreck lies at 7–8 m depth in the Gulf of Thailand, just off the coast in the eastern Thai province of Chanthaburi. The ship, of which only the partial hull remains, probably sank in the early 17th century CE. It carried a cargo of ca. 20,000 billets, 10,000 kg, of sappanwood and, the focus of this paper, up to 3,000 kg of metal ingots. Sappanwood was an Ayutthaya state-controlled commodity, much prized abroad, China in particular, suggesting the vessel was possibly operating with Royal permission. Here we investigate the nature of the metal assemblage, to see if it supports or undermines this interpretation.Typo-technological analysis classified 195 copper ingots into four groups: layered bowl, bowl, plate, and irregular shape, but of non-standardised proportions. The five lead–tin alloy (pewter) ingots, on the other hand, share a single plano-convex shape. The ingots’ elemental compositions were likewise variable, with a majority in raw/black (sulphur content) copper but a substantial minority in leaded copper, of a range of alloy proportions, as well as bronze, leaded bronze, pewter and the intermetallic semi-product, matte. A representative group of 20 artefacts were sub-sampled for lead isotope analysis, the results of which separated into two main groups. The larger group, representing both leaded and unleaded alloys, does not correspond to any of the known Southeast Asian production signatures but does fall into the general field of regional consumption signatures. The smaller group corresponds to the five pewter ingots, and their LI signature is consistent with the Song Toh lead field, located ca. 200 km west of Ayutthaya.The copper’s physical and geochemical variability is not consistent with any known regional producers and thus their provenancing could not be resolved in this paper. However, this paper, based on sappanwood and lead-base ingots, opens new possibilities of copper being locally produced in Thailand, if not intra-regionally in Southeast Asia.

Unexciting classical backgrounds

Quantum fields in time-dependent backgrounds generally lead to particle production. Here we consider ``unexciting'' backgrounds for which the net particle production vanishes. We start by considering the simple harmonic oscillator and explicitly construct all unexciting time-dependent frequencies. This allows us to construct homogeneous backgrounds in field theory for which there is no particle production in any given mode, though we are able to show that there are no homogeneous backgrounds for which the particle production vanishes in every mode. We then construct general inhomogeneous unexciting field theory backgrounds. The set of all unexciting field theory backgrounds will be further restricted by the choice of physical interactions and this leads to an interesting open problem.

Mathematical Creativity in Elementary School Children: General Patterns and Effects of an Incubation Break

Research from the general field of creativity demonstrates that in the realm of problem-solving, breaks from the task at hand, known as incubation breaks, can improve idea generation and creative thinking. This study investigated whether a brief incubation break during a mathematical strategy generation task could improve elementary students’ ability to generate strategies and think more creatively. Over 200 elementary school students (grades 1–5) were asked to continuously generate mathematical strategies to solve the problem 36 – 18 for 10 min, with half randomly assigned to receive a 1-min incubation break after 5 min. Results showed that children assigned to the incubation break showed a statistically significantly higher number of strategies generated in the second block of the working period compared to students who received no break, but there were no differences in rated creativity of their strategies. Further exploratory analyses found that across grades, the number of strategies students could produce on average increased with each grade. However, when it came to the creativity of strategies, a linear trend emerged only from first through fourth grade, but fifth-grade students showed a drop in creativity.

Mathematical Analysis Model of Double-Stator Field Modulation HTS Machine Based on General Airgap Field Modulation Theory

TheSuperconducting (SC) machines have the merits of higher power and torque density due to the fact of higher electrical or magnetic loading. Especially, the field modulation SC machine (FMSCM) recently attracts more and more attention from scholars, since this kind of SC machines successfully overcome the drawbacks of the traditional SC synchronous machines, such as the rotating seal of the coolant and the electrical brush-slip-ring for current transfer. However, the research method of the FMSCM mainly adopts the finite element analysis (FEA). Although the FEA can provide accurate results, the time consumption is huge, particularly at the initial design of the large capacity FMSCM, the time cost will be unacceptable. Aiming at solving this problem, this paper attempts to establish the mathematical analysis model of a double-stator field modulation HTS machine (DSFM-SCM) using a new theory of electrical machine, i.e., general airgap field modulation theory, for the first time. Both the FEA and experiments are carried out on the DSFM-SCM, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical analysis model. Although there is discrepancy between the proposed analytical method and FEA, it can basically meet the requirement at the initial design, and sufficiently exhibit the modulation effect of geometric structure, reflecting the essential mechanism of the DSFM-SCM. In addition, it is worth noting that the establishment process of analytical model of the DSFM-SCM can provide reference for the other FMSCMs.

RG of GR from on-shell amplitudes

We study the renormalization group of generic effective field theories that include gravity. We follow the on-shell amplitude approach, which provides a simple and efficient method to extract anomalous dimensions avoiding complications from gauge redundancies. As an invaluable tool we introduce a modified helicity tilde{h} under which gravitons carry one unit instead of two. With this modified helicity we easily explain old and uncover new non-renormalization theorems for theories including gravitons. We provide complete results for the one-loop gravitational renormalization of a generic minimally coupled gauge theory with scalars and fermions and all orders in MPl, as well as for the renormalization of dimension-six operators including at least one graviton, all up to four external particles.

Electric field decay without pair production: lattice, bosonization and novel worldline instantons

Electric fields can spontaneously decay via the Schwinger effect, the nucleation of a charged particle-anti particle pair separated by a critical distance d. What happens if the available distance is smaller than d? Previous work on this question has produced contradictory results. Here, we study the quantum evolution of electric fields when the field points in a compact direction with circumference L < d using the massive Schwinger model, quantum electrodynamics in one space dimension with massive charged fermions. We uncover a new and previously unknown set of instantons that result in novel physics that disagrees with all previous estimates. In parameter regimes where the field value can be well-defined in the quantum theory, generic initial fields E are in fact stable and do not decay, while initial values that are quantized in half-integer units of the charge E = (k/2)g with k ∈ ℤ oscillate in time from +(k/2)g to −(k/2)g, with exponentially small probability of ever taking any other value. We verify our results with four distinct techniques: numerically by measuring the decay directly in Lorentzian time on the lattice, numerically using the spectrum of the Hamiltonian, numerically and semi-analytically using the bosonized description of the Schwinger model, and analytically via our instanton estimate.

NicholasMcDowellPoet of Revolution: The Making of John MiltonPrinceton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2020. xvi + 485pp. ISBN 13: 9780691154695. $35.00 (cloth).

NicholasMcDowellPoet of Revolution: The Making of John MiltonPrinceton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2020. xvi + 485pp. ISBN 13: 9780691154695. $35.00 (cloth).

A Simple Affine-Invariant Spline Interpolation over Triangular Meshes

Given a triangular mesh, we obtain an orthogonality-free analogue of the classical local Zlámal–Ženišek spline procedure with simple explicit affine-invariant formulas in terms of the normalized barycentric coordinates of the mesh triangles. Our input involves first-order data at mesh points, and instead of adjusting normal derivatives at the side middle points, we constructed the elementary splines by adjusting the Fréchet derivatives at three given directions along the edges with the result of bivariate polynomials of degree five. By replacing the real line R with a generic field K, our results admit a natural interpretation with possible independent interest, and the proofs are short enough for graduate courses.

A General Curvilinear Magnetic Field‐Line‐Following Coordinate System for Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere Modeling

AbstractWe propose a simple way to define a field‐line‐following, general curvilinear coordinate system for a general magnetic field. This definition of field‐line‐following coordinate system reduces to a usual definition of dipole coordinate system when the magnetic field is approximated by an axisymmetric dipole. In this way, it can facilitate the numerical implementation by enabling validation of various metric terms computed numerically against those defined analytically in the case of the dipole field. Steps involved in grid generation are also sketched. Highly accurate results are obtained using the high‐order ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver to solve the general magnetic field line equations. The accuracy and consistency of the numerical implementation are validated against analytical results in the case of a dipole field. Numerical results show that this field‐line‐following coordinate system for the general magnetic field, like the coordinates for the dipole field, is also an Euler potential or Clebsch type coordinate system.