General Entries Research Articles

DRAMP 4.0: an open-access data repository dedicated to the clinical translation of antimicrobial peptides.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potential candidates for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, yet only a small number of them have progressed into clinical trials. The main challenges include the poor stability and hemolytic/cytotoxic properties of AMPs. Considering this, in the update of the Data Repository of Antimicrobial Peptides (DRAMP), a new annotation on serum and protease stability is added, and special efforts were made to update the hemolytic/cytotoxic information of AMPs. The DRAMP 4.0 currently holds 30 260 entries (8 001 newly added), consisting of 11 612 general entries, 17 886 patent entries, 96 clinical entries, 377 specific entries, 110 entries with stability data, and 179 expanded entries. A total of 2891 entries possess experimentally determined hemolytic activity information, while 2674 entries contain cytotoxicity data by experimental validation. The update also covers new annotations, statistics, categories, functions, and download links. DRAMP is available online at http://dramp.cpu-bioinfor.org/.

Using <em>OpenBIS</em> as Virtual Research Environment: An ELN-LIMS Open-Source Database Tool as a Framework within the <em>CRC 1411 Design of Particulate Products</em>

The digital transformation and consequent use of new digital technologies not only have a substantial impact on society and companies, but also on science. Analog documentation as we have known it for centuries will eventually be replaced by intelligent and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) systems. In addition to the actual research data and results, metadata now plays an important role not only for individual, independently existing projects, but for future scientific use and interdisciplinary research groups and disciplines as well. The solution presented here, consisting of an electronic laboratory notebook and laboratory information management system (ELN-LIMS) based on the openBIS (open Biology Information System) environment, offers interesting features and advantages, especially for interdisciplinary work. The Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1411 ‘Design of Particulate Products’ of the German Research Foundation is characterized by the cooperation of different working groups of synthesis, characterization, and simulation, and therefore serves as a model environment to present the implementation of openBIS. OpenBIS, as an open source ELN-LIMS solution following FAIR principles, provides a common set of general entries with the possibility of sharing and linking (meta-)data to improve the scientific exchange between all users.

Attitude Control of Ornithopter Wing by Using a MIMO Active Disturbance Rejection Strategy.

This work proposes a mathematical solution for the attitude control problem of an ornithopter wing. An ornithopter is an artificial bird or insect-like aerial vehicle whose flight and lift movements are produced and maintained by flapping wings. The aerodynamical drag forces responsible for the flying movements are generated by the wing attitude and torques applied to its joints. This mechanical system represents a challenging problem because its dynamics consist of MIMO nonlinear equations with couplings in the input variables. For dealing with such a mathematical model, an Active Disturbance Rejection Control-based (ADRC) method is considered. The cited control technique has been studied for almost two decades and its main characteristics are the use of an extended state observer to estimate the nonmeasurable signals of the plant and a state-feedback control law in standard form fed by that observer. However, even today, the application of the basic methodology requires the exact knowledge of the plant's control gain which is difficult to measure in the case of systems with uncertain parameters. In addition, most of the related works apply the ADRC strategy to Single Input Single Output (SISO) plants. For MIMO systems, the control gain is represented by a square matrix of general entries but most of the reported works consider the simplified case of uncoupled inputs, in which a diagonal matrix is assumed. In this paper, an extension of the ADRC SISO strategy for MIMO systems is proposed. By adopting such a control methodology, the resulting closed-loop scheme exhibits some key advantages: (i) it is robust to parametric uncertainties; (ii) it can compensate for external disturbances and unmodeled dynamics; (iii) even for nonlinear plants, mathematical analysis using Laplace's approach can be always used; and (iv) it can deal with system's coupled input variables. A complete mathematical model for the dynamics of the ornithopter wing system is presented. The efficiency of the proposed control is analyzed mathematically, discussed, and illustrated via simulation results of its application in the attitude control of ornithopter wings.

Online Class Resitation Learning Model During the Covid-19 Pandemic to Increase Outcomes Students Learning in Class Accounting Lessons

This study aims to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes through the online class recitation learning model during the covid-19 pandemic, on the learning process of class X1 students of the Accounting Department at SMK Negeri 1 Tompaso Baru Minahasa, totaling 14 students. The online classroom research method used is in the form of CAR (Classroom Action Research) which refers to classroom action research. In terms of treatment, learning is given that applies an online class recitation learning model.
 From the results of the analysis obtained by researchers on accounting subjects with service company accounting cycle material with the stages: Recording transactions/documents into general journals (General Entries) and posting from general journals to general ledgers (General Ledger), there is an increase in student learning outcomes. This increase can be seen from the percentage of student learning completeness individually and classically. This increase can be seen from the percentage of student learning completeness individually and classically. At the pre-cycle stage or before the implementation of the action, the average value of the class was 63.92 with the percentage of classical learning completeness only 35%. In the first cycle, it reached an average of 71.78 with a classical mastery level of 64.28%. While the learning outcomes in the second cycle reached an average of 77.85 with the classical learning completeness level reaching 92.85%. Likewise with student learning activities at every face-to-face online class. Student activity at the 1st meeting only reached a percentage of 56.25% with high criteria. At the second meeting it reached a percentage of 72.76% with high criteria, and at the third meeting it reached a percentage of 83.92% with very high criteria. Thus, student learning activities and student learning completeness in online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic increase by using the online class recitation learning model. With learning outcomes reaching 92.85% above the minimum learning completeness.

DRAMP 3.0: an enhanced comprehensive data repository of antimicrobial peptides.

Stapled antimicrobial peptides are an emerging class of artificial cyclic peptide molecules which have antimicrobial activity and potent structure stability. We previously published the Data Repository of Antimicrobial Peptides (DRAMP) as a manually annotated and open-access database of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In the update of version 3.0, special emphasis was placed on the new development of stapled AMPs, and a subclass of specific AMPs was added to store information on these special chemically modified AMPs. To help design low toxicity AMPs, we also added the cytotoxicity property of AMPs, as well as the expansion of newly discovered AMP data. At present, DRAMP has been expanded and contains 22259 entries (2360 newly added), consisting of 5891 general entries, 16110 patent entries, 77 clinical entries and 181 stapled AMPs. A total of 263 entries have predicted structures, and more than 300 general entries have links to experimentally determined structures in the Protein Data Bank. The update also covers new annotations, statistics, categories, functions and download links. DRAMP is available online at http://dramp.cpu-bioinfor.org/.

DRAMP 2.0, an updated data repository of antimicrobial peptides

Data Repository of Antimicrobial Peptides (DRAMP, http://dramp.cpu-bioinfor.org/) is an open-access comprehensive database containing general, patent and clinical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Currently DRAMP has been updated to version 2.0, it contains a total of 19,899 entries (newly added 2,550 entries), including 5,084 general entries, 14,739 patent entries, and 76 clinical entries. The update covers new entries, structures, annotations, classifications and downloads. Compared with APD and CAMP, DRAMP contains 14,040 (70.56% in DRAMP) non-overlapping sequences. In order to facilitate users to trace original references, PubMed_ID of references have been contained in activity information. The data of DRAMP can be downloaded by dataset and activity, and the website source code is also available on dedicatedly designed download webpage. Although thousands of AMPs have been reported, only a few parts have entered clinical stage. In the paper, we described several AMPs in clinical trials, including their properties, indications and clinicaltrials.gov identifiers. Finally, we provide the applications of DRAMP in the development of AMPs.

Katherine Sophia Baily (Lady Kane) andThe Irish Flora(1833)

When she was only 22 years old, Katherine Sophia Baily published, anonymously, a pocketable account of the native flora of Ireland. While her name was not on the title-page, it was evidently not a secret and was soon revealed in several Irish periodicals. The following year, 1834, Miss Baily also published two articles on arboriculture in Ireland, but nothing else, as far as can be ascertained. She was the first woman admitted to the Botanical Society of Edinburgh shortly after its founding in 1836, and was the first woman to put together a flora (preceding Mary Kirby's 1850 Flora of Leicestershire). Little has been published about Katherine Baily (1811–1886) apart from general entries in standard biographical dictionaries and bibliographies. Common to most of these is the statement that she was “of Newbury, Berkshire”, but that is not confirmed by details given in a genealogical account of the Baily family of Berkshire. Also unstated is the fact that she belonged to the Roman Catholic church, causing one Irish reviewer to remark that she was “a young lady, a native, and …, we understand, a member of that anti-botanical church”. In 1838 Katherine married the Irish scientist Robert John Kane, and when he was knighted in 1846 she became Lady Kane. Conferva kaneana McCalla was intended to honour her.

Linguistic and Country Studies Learner’s Dictionary for Mongolian Citizens: Specifics of Presenting the Material

The article is devoted to the principles of nationally oriented lexicography - a new direction in Russian studies. Using the example of nationally oriented linguistic and country studies learner's dictionary project, the paper shows that it can be created on the basis of the Russian linguistic and country studies dictionary by adding Mongolian material to its content and by comparing lexical backgrounds of the same culture-specific concepts in two linguistic cultures. The purpose of the nationally oriented linguistic and country studies learner's dictionary – the explication of the cultural component of the language unit semantics, taking into account the specifics of the national culture and the language of the addressee at the same time and taking into account the stage of learning – is reflected in the content and structure of the dictionary in general and dictionary entries in particular. Selecting nominative units and providing vocabulary objectivity are determined by the addressee's communicative needs. The author uses the methods of semantization of lexical units adopted in educational lexicography and determined by the specifics of both the material and the addresse. The paper provides the characteristics of techniques that ensure compliance with the proportions in using target and native languages. The draft dictionary presented in the article is able to serve as a "starting point" in creating a new type of dictionaries and further developing fundamentals of the theory of nationally oriented educational linguistic and cultural lexicography in relation to the needs of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the absence of the language environment.

The legal framework for protected areas management in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia

The paper analyzes the laws related to the management of protected areas, i.e., determining the meaning of the content and characteristics of the texts of the laws regarding management, in order to identify possible identities, absences or contradictions in meaning. The aim of this research is to find out the nature of the legislation related to the management of protected areas, on the basis of the characteristics of the paragraphs in the observed laws of the selected countries. The analysis was carried out for three countries: Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia. Bearing in mind that these issues are subject of several different laws, the following acts were taken into account: the Law on Forests, the Law on Environmental Protection, the Law on Nature Conservation and the Law on National Parks. In all the observed countries, general entries are predominated (63.9%), while the entries with organizational (24.9%) and economic (11.2%) characters are much less common. When it comes to individual entries, ?Protection? is the most frequent, followed by ?Ecology? and ?Status / Function?, all of which belong to the group of general entries. In the group of entries with organizational character, ?Users? is dominant, and in the group of entries with economic character, the most important is ?Forestry?. When regulating protected area management issues, law drafters should be more focused on defining concrete solutions, which will improve work in practice, and thus satisfy the basic purpose of their adoption (protection of selected areas of social significance).

Bayesian Poisson calculus for latent feature modeling via generalized Indian Buffet Process priors

Statistical latent feature models, such as latent factor models, are models where each observation is associated with a vector of latent features. A general problem is how to select the number/types of features, and related quantities. In Bayesian statistical machine learning, one seeks (nonparametric) models where one can learn such quantities in the presence of observed data. The Indian Buffet Process (IBP), devised by Griffiths and Ghahramani (2005), generates a (sparse) latent binary matrix with columns representing a potentially unbounded number of features and where each row corresponds to an individual or object. Its generative scheme is cast in terms of customers entering sequentially an Indian Buffet restaurant and selecting previously sampled dishes as well as new dishes. Dishes correspond to latent features shared by individuals. The IBP has been applied to a wide range of statistical problems. Recent works have demonstrated the utility of generalizations to nonbinary matrices. The purpose of this work is to describe a unified mechanism for construction, Bayesian analysis, and practical sampling of broad generalizations of the IBP that generate (sparse) matrices with general entries. An adaptation of the Poisson partition calculus is employed to handle the complexities, including combinatorial aspects, of these models. Our work reveals a spike and slab characterization, and also presents a general framework for multivariate extensions. We close by highlighting a multivariate IBP with condiments, and the role of a stable-Beta Dirichlet multivariate prior.

Quality of Clinical Notes: Lesson Learned from Elective Surgery Patients Admitted at University Teaching Hospital.

Informative relevant documentation regarding course of treatment minimizes errors, provides data for evidence based practice and legality. However, the clinical notes are often inadequate. This study aims to analyse quality of structured clinical notes in surgical patients. This cross sectional study from Oct 1, 2015 in department of surgery included 100 clinical notes randomly selected by lottery. The entries in notes were predefined. There were 29 general entries (nine for identification, eleven for admission details, eight for treatment progress, and one for handwriting). Three additional entries were for discharge patients. The decision for entries was based on consensus meeting in surgery department. Microsoft excel was used for data entry and descriptive analysis. There were 100 clinical notes analysed, 62 non-discharge and 38 discharge patients. Four (out of 62) non-discharge had all 29 entries documented. Two (out of 38) in discharge had all 32 entries documented. The "date of entries, clinician name and designation" were mentioned in 12%, 13% and 10%, respectively. The progress on diet was recorded in 53%, investigations in 72% and intervention details in 73%. Handwriting was difficult to read in 21%. In 13 (out of 100) the identification information was incomplete. Discharge lacked details of home advice in 11%. The quality of clinical note of elective surgery patients needs improvement on documentation in all domains of identification, admission, progress and discharge.

Gaussian fluctuations for linear spectral statistics of large random covariance matrices

Consider a $N\times n$ matrix $\Sigma_n=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}R_n^{1/2}X_n$, where $R_n$ is a nonnegative definite Hermitian matrix and $X_n$ is a random matrix with i.i.d. real or complex standardized entries. The fluctuations of the linear statistics of the eigenvalues \[\operatorname {Trace}f \bigl(\Sigma_n\Sigma_n^*\bigr)=\sum_{i=1}^Nf(\lambda_i),\qquad (\lambda_i)\ eigenvalues\ of\ \Sigma_n\Sigma_n^*,\] are shown to be Gaussian, in the regime where both dimensions of matrix $\Sigma_n$ go to infinity at the same pace and in the case where $f$ is of class $C^3$, that is, has three continuous derivatives. The main improvements with respect to Bai and Silverstein's CLT [Ann. Probab. 32 (2004) 553-605] are twofold: First, we consider general entries with finite fourth moment, but whose fourth cumulant is nonnull, that is, whose fourth moment may differ from the moment of a (real or complex) Gaussian random variable. As a consequence, extra terms proportional to $ \vert \mathcal{V}\vert ^2=\bigl|\mathbb{E}\bigl(X_{11}^n\bigr) ^2\bigr|^2$ and $\kappa=\mathbb{E}\bigl \vert X_{11}^n\bigr \vert ^4-\vert {\mathcal{V}}\vert ^2-2$ appear in the limiting variance and in the limiting bias, which not only depend on the spectrum of matrix $R_n$ but also on its eigenvectors. Second, we relax the analyticity assumption over $f$ by representing the linear statistics with the help of Helffer-Sj\"{o}strand's formula. The CLT is expressed in terms of vanishing L\'{e}vy-Prohorov distance between the linear statistics' distribution and a Gaussian probability distribution, the mean and the variance of which depend upon $N$ and $n$ and may not converge.

The Cambridge encyclopedia of stage actors and acting

Preface A-Z general entries Appendix. Chronological list of actors Bibliography Index of actors and directors.

Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Meldrum’s Acid, Malononitrile, and 1,3‐Dicarbonyls to ortho‐Quinone Methides Generated In Situ Under Basic Conditions

A new approach to the utilization of highly reactive and unstable ortho-quinone methides (o-QMs) in catalytic asymmetric settings is presented. The enantioselective reactions are catalysed by bifunctional organocatalysts, and the o-QM intermediates are formed in situ from 2-sulfonylalkyl phenols through base-promoted elimination of sulfinic acid. The use of mild Brønsted basic conditions for transiently generating o-QMs in catalytic asymmetric processes is unprecedented, and allows engaging productively in the reactions nucleophiles such as Meldrum's acid, malononitrile and 1,3-dicarbonyls. The catalytic transformations give new and general entries to 3,4-dihydrocoumarins, 4H-chromenes and xanthenones. These frameworks are recurring structures in natural product and medicinal chemistry, as testified by the formal syntheses of (R)-tolterodine and (S)-4-methoxydalbergione from the catalytic adducts.

SAT0585 Evaluation of Wikipedia Rheumatology Articles as A Learning Resource for Medical Students

BackgroundDespite concerns regarding its accuracy and reliability, Wikipedia is increasingly being used by medical students as a source of medical information (1,2).ObjectivesAim of our study was to evaluate whether Wikipedia...

The Palgrave dictionary of medieval Anglo-Jewish history

List of illustrations Preface, including listings of topographic, biographic and general entries Acknowledgements Abbreviations English Medieval Jewry, 1135-1290: An Introduction The Dictionary Bibliography

A Solution Approach for Lower Hessenberg Linear Systems

An approach is developed to obtain solutions to lower Hessenberg linear systems with general entries. The approach involves developing solution vectors for an extended lower Hessenberg linear system (having an extra column and an extra introduced unknown) for each nonzero term on the right hand side. The overall solution is then found through superposition and determination of the extra introduced unknown. The approach supports parallel solution algorithms without communication between processors, since each solution vector is computed independently of the others. The number of parallel processors needed will be equal to the number of nonzero right hand side terms.

“Jews in Photography”: Conceiving a Field in the Papers of Peter Pollack

This article explores the initial attempt to write a comprehensive overview of the involvement of Jews in photography. To the editorial board of the Encyclopaedia Judaica in the late 1960s, it was self-evident that Jews were represented well out of proportion to their number in the field of photography, and therefore, their project demanded that this be dealt with in a general article and individual entries. Peter Pollack, a pioneering curator and historian of photography, was selected to edit this sub-section. Pollack immediately devised a broad and penetrating survey. But his efforts were severely constrained because the editors did not deem this area to be very significant, and because the basic research they promised Pollack about Jews in photography simply did not exist. They were not about to undertake such an original, complicated and far-flung effort. Pollack's intuition, that this comprised both an important element of modern Jewish history and the history of photography, only came to partial fruition in the Judaica. But his papers held at the Getty Research Institute (Los Angeles) will be tremendously helpful for scholars wishing to further investigate the question of Jews and photography.

Fluctuations of the Extreme Eigenvalues of Finite Rank Deformations of Random Matrices

Consider a deterministic self-adjoint matrix $X_n$ with spectral measure converging to a compactly supported probability measure, the largest and smallest eigenvalues converging to the edges of the limiting measure. We perturb this matrix by adding a random finite rank matrix with delocalised eigenvectors and study the extreme eigenvalues of the deformed model. We give necessary conditions on the deterministic matrix $X_n$ so that the eigenvalues converging out of the bulk exhibit Gaussian fluctuations, whereas the eigenvalues sticking to the edges are very close to the eigenvalues of the non-perturbed model and fluctuate in the same scale. We generalize these results to the case when $X_n$ is random and get similar behavior when we deform some classical models such as Wigner or Wishart matrices with rather general entries or the so-called matrix models.

Encyclopedia of Asian Theatre (review)

Reviewed by: Encyclopedia of Asian Theatre Andrew T. Tsubaki Encyclopedia of Asian Theatre. Edited by Samuel L. Leiter. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008. 1024 pp., 93 halftones. Cloth, $225.00. This work is indeed the very first Encyclopedia of Asian Theatre and as such it will be very useful for the many students of Asian theatre. Because Asian performance is so expansive in time and space we can be significantly helped by a comprehensive work such as this. The two-volume work edited by Samuel L. Leiter was published by Greenwood Press in 2007. He was assisted by eight other editorial advisory board members: China (Colin Mackerras [traditional] and Ruru Li [modern]), Japan (Samuel Leiter and John K. Gillespie [modern]), Korea (Richard Nichols), South Asia (Richard A. Frasca [traditional] and Sreenath K. Nair [modern]) and Southeast Asia (Mathew Isaac Cohen [traditional] and Craig Latrell [modern]). This ambitious work was supported by ninety-five contributors. Just looking at the scale of coverage of this work indicates its enormity: Japan, Korea, North Korea, Mongolia, China, Taiwan, Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Hong Kong, Macao, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Burma/Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. Listing of selected bibliography takes thirty pages and the index fifty-three. The book starts off with an alphabetical list of entries (nine pages), then a topical guide to entries (ten pages). The main body follows to page 881 in the second volume. The selected bibliography of thirty pages comes thereafter; works covering multiple nations takes up a little over a page, then country-by-country bibliographic entries follow, with some countries such as China, India, and Japan having more pages. These bibliographic guides [End Page 168] should be very useful for quick reference, although the general entries in the text provide worthwhile reading to cover the subjects one might seek as well as provide a reference source at the end of entries. The fifty-three-page index is very detailed and very useful for quickly checking on a subject of interest. The work ends with a section about the editor and contributors, which provides brief background on each of them. In order to illustrate how the content is treated, let me cite the entry of “Training” (2:797). We see Cambodia is covered in this page along with China (three and a half pages), then Hong Kong (half page), India (two), Indonesia (half ), Japan (two), Korea (one), Malaysia (half ), Philippines (half ), Taiwan (half ), and Thailand (half ). The item covers the modern scene, and, where it is appropriate, the activities relating to traditional theatre training are also cited, quite even handedly. The method allows for quick and evocative cross-cultural comparisons and correlations on the subject. This technique provides insights that confining the topics under a geographical rubric would not allow. Some entries of genres that are significant by themselves are given multiple pages to cover properly. For example, “Kabuki,” written by Samuel L. Leiter, takes up four and a half pages with a quarter page photo. It covers all important aspects of historical phenomena from its birth to the twentieth century and gives a list of four books for further reading. Most events are briefly explained and important names of actors and playwrights are cited, along with significant social background. Some names that are brought up may not be fully explained but a reader can understand the importance of the reference. If a reader has a general understanding of the genre already, what is presented provides an excellent summary of what the form is about. For a beginner it is obvious that a further reading is expected to fully appreciate what is presented in the entry. But what is presented here is sufficient to establish a starting point for study. The general quality of writing throughout the book is well controlled and most entries should be useful for any reader seeking some information on a subject. However, one may need to read related and cross-referenced entries or consult the books suggested at the end of the item in an extensive search of information in the book or beyond. The reader who does this will gain a deeper and fuller knowledge of the...