General Education Students Research Articles

Program Pemberdayaan dan Pengembangan Kewirausahaan Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Ma’arif NU Kota Metro Melalui Karya Seni Kaligrafi

Islamic boarding schools for students are Islamic educational institutions with a boarding system in which students from Islamic boarding schools have Islamic religious education and general knowledge from universities. The Islamic Student Boarding School of the Ma'arif NU Islamic Institute in Metro City is located in Metro, Lampung. So far, there are approximately 70 students at the Ma'arif NU student boarding school in Metro City. There are prospects for advancement in entrepreneurial skills centered on this opportunity. To improve students in general education and Islamic scholarship, but with other skills currently needed, one of which is entrepreneurship. Making calligraphy art with tremendous economic potential is one of the skills taught in Islamic boarding schools. The goals of this program include introducing entrepreneurship to student students, learning how to use Prada techniques to create calligraphy art, and applying calligraphy art-making as an entrepreneur. The ABCD method was used for the assistance given to Metro City Ma'arif NU Islamic boarding school students. In this strategy, service prioritizes using capacity and assets that the group already has. In this approach, the capacity or potential is the direct assistance of society in achieving progress. The assistance results showed that the students managed to develop a calligraphy company that was run at an entire profit to fund the needs of the Islamic boarding school students. Students are not solely dependent on parental submissions based on these benefits. The outcomes of the calligraphy efforts carried out will fulfill the needs of entrepreneurial learners.

Health promotion and nutritional status of adolescents in a large industrial city

Objective — substantiation of ways to improve the health of students of general secondary education on the basis of determining the nutrition status based on the body mass index (BMI) of adolescents in a large industrial city.Materials and methods. The study was based on a cross-section of a population survey, performed in the period from April to May, 2019, with the use of questionnaire (СС #92695-2019 «Methods for assessing the impact of close social environment on the subjective perception of adolescents’ own health»).Results. The study involved 1191 adolescents aged 11–16 years. Food consumption was estimated by frequency of consumption for one month; body mass index was assessed by WHO standard indicators of physical development (SDS). The following indices of daily consumption have been established: candies (8.03 ± 0.78) %, cakes, pastries (5.8 ± 0.68) %, meat (14.54 ± 1.02) %, sausages (7.62 ± 0.76) %, fish (2.61 ± 0.46) %, milk (11.21 ± 1.9) %, fresh vegetables (19.9 ± 1.15) %. fruits (19.45 ± 1.14) %, mayonnaise, sauces and ketchups (5.47 ± 0.65)%, «fast food» (1.12 ± 0.30)%, street food (steaks, hot dogs) (0.81±0.26)%, snacks (chips, crackers) (1.84 ± 0.38) %, dry pasta «Mivina» (1.43 ± 0.34) %. According to the BMI, (5.3 ± 0.64) % of adolescents had depletion of body weight (BMI <-2SDS); insufficient body weight (BMI <-1 to -2SDS) was registered in (13.6 ± 0.99) % of population; normal body weight (± 1 SDS) was defined in (77.8 ± 1.2) % of adolescents, excessive body weight (BMI from +1 to +2 SDS) in (2,7 ± 0,46) % and obesity (BMI> + 2SDS) in (0.58 ± 0.22) % of children.Conclusions. The priority should be given to promoting health and formation of healthy lifestyle skills among young people. One should pay more attention to the forms and methods of nutrition of children and adolescents, improve the technology of medical, psychological and pedagogical support, and provide recommendations to parents on maintaining good health and proper eating behavior.

Здоров’язбереження в освітньому середовищі закладів загальної середньої освіти

Priority areas for education reform in Ukraine are defined by the National Strategy for the Development of Education in Ukraine (2013–2021) and the National Strategy for Physical Fitness in Ukraine until 2025. These are: physical education, physical culture, the formation of motor skills and abilities of students. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of health care in the educational environment of general secondary education institutions through physical education. The article proves that the health and formation of motor function of students in general secondary education is a complex problem. The problem requires the development of methodological principles, the development of motor function and feedback on the effectiveness of pedagogical influence on the development of motor skills and abilities of students. There is a need to take into account the age, gender and individual characteristics of school students, based on the program which can achieve the most effective results. Object of research: educational process in general secondary education institutions of Ukraine. Subject of research: formation of the process of health care of students of general secondary education institutions of Ukraine. Conclusions. 1. In the conditions of general secondary education institutions there are the following ways to increase the motor activity of students: ensuring the functioning of the motor mode of children; monitoring the state of motor readiness of children; creating conditions for the formation of children's skills of self-organization and self-control, which will promote the activation of motor activity; control of the process of formation of effective motor behavior of students of general secondary education. 2. In order to achieve a high level of physical activity, students need to pay more attention to the process of physical improvement in educational institutions, in the process of upbringing in families and in out-of-school educational institutions. 3. The norm of motor activity in childhood is taken to be the amount of motor activity that fully meets the biological needs of movement, promotes good health. 4. Methods of motor activity of students of general secondary education are as follows: exercises with elements of gymnastics, jumping, games for active recreation, mastering the skills of strength exercises, rhythm in the structure of movement, the ability to control movements.

Социальные представления учащихся общеобразовательных школ Хабаровского края: социологическое измерение

The article presents theoretical overview of scientific approaches to the study of «social ideas» as a fundamental construct of sociology and related sciences and the results of their sociological measurement among the schoolchildren of the Khabarovsk territory. Genesis of the concept «social representations» (social representations), which has its origins in scientific views and conceptual justifications from the classics of social sciences (sociology, social psychology, etc.) to modern domestic and foreign researchers, reflects both its high significance and the complexity of interpretation and empirical measurement. The methodological analysis of the main scientific approaches to the study of this construct gives reason for the authors to widely use them as the basis for the sociological measurement of social ideas of students in general education schools.The empirical results of sociological surveys obtained by the authors indicate that the school education system forms collective social ideas of students as stable education of ideas, views, values and knowledge, having the central cores of representation, based on quantitative and qualitative indicators. Their sociological measurement testifies to the content and objectification of social ideas regarding study, educational and professional plans, migration moods. The authors consider it expedient to use the presented results of sociological measurement of social ideas of schoolchildren to develop measures to improve state educational policy, primarily in the formation of a value-motivation attitude (meanings and images) to study, the choice of profession, place of work in the regional labor market and other life plans.

Особливості формування здоров’язбережувальної та здоров’ярозвивальної компетентностей учнів 5 – 6 класів в освітніх галузях Державного стандарту базової середньої освіти

The article notes that the result of reforming the modern system of general secondary education in Ukraine is the reorientation and transition of general secondary education institutions from the traditional form of education to competency-based education. The emphasis has been placed on the need for substantive and functional changes regarding the formation of health-preserving and health-developing competencies in students of secondary education. The analysis of the formation of health-preserving and health-developing competences as a social and pedagogical problem has been carried out. It has been studied that scientists discuss a social problem related to the low level of health of Ukrainian youth. It requires a detailed analysis of its condition, the search and implementation of new approaches to the formation of value orientations of young people regarding their own health and issues of its preservation. The peculiarities of the formation of health-preserving and health-developing competences during the study of the subjects «Social and Health-Preserving», «Health and Physical Education» of educational sectors of the State Standard of Basic Secondary Education have been analyzed. It has been determined the basis of the formation of health-preserving and health-developing competencies of students of general secondary education in the adaptive cycle (5 – 6 grades) through personal needs to preserve one’s health and the health of others, to preserve one’s kind, the people, the environment, the ability to implementation of one’s own health-preserving behavior, one’s own health-preserving lifestyle.

Formation and features of the evolution of historical memory among the Belarusian youth (from the experience of sociological research)

The introduction to the article substantiates the relevance of the topic of forming the historical memory of young people in a changing society. The article demonstrates the scientific-theoretical and practical significance of the sociological study of this problem. The technique of longitudinal research of historical memory is presented. The object of the study: graduate students of general secondary education and first and second year students of higher education in Grodno (Republic of Belarus). The main part of the article deals with the evolution of the historical memory of the Belarusian youth. The empirical basis of the work is formed by the results of three sociological surveys conducted in 2010, 2014 and 2021. The surveys were conducted according to the same methodology type. The goal was to identify the features and tendencies of the formation and the evolution of the historical memory of pupils and students, the level of knowledge and ideas about the events of the Great Patriotic War, assessments of the past and attitude to significant historical events. The mechanisms of formation and intergenerational transmission of historical memory are described. Based on the obtained empirical data, the content features of the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War are analysed. The most important source of formation of the historical memory of young people is school and university education. Most of the respondents note the absolute relevance in the modern society of the theme of the Great Patriotic War and the heroical deeds by the USSR peoples. The change of generations actualises the role of the family as an institution of the historical memory of young people. The article describes the influence of such socialising factors as movies, the Internet, television. The role of commemorations as a source of formation of the historical memory of living generations is considered. The results of the conducted studies are of practical importance. The obtained data were introduced into the educational process organised in institutions of general secondary and higher education. The materials and conclusions were recommended to government bodies and other organisations to be used in the development of the main directions of the state youth policy in the Republic of Belarus and its implementation across the country. At the end of the article, conclusions are presented based on the results of the study. The consolidating role of historical memory in the development of modern society is emphasised.

Нестандартні завдання з математики як засіб успішного навчання здобувачів початкової освіти

The article is devoted to non-standard tasks for students of general primary education, since one of the main tasks of a primary school teacher is to remove the mechanical memorization and reproduction of educational material by students from the learning process. In fulfilling this task, teachers face certain difficulties. Primary school children, especially first-graders, often memorise the materials instead of understanding and analysing it, at least in the most accessible form. If a primary school teacher presents ready-made material, too often students are asked to memorize it; they are not guided by the systematic formation of their cognitive interests and skills. Then many students develop a strong habit of mechanical memorization, which not only leads to formal learning, but also generates dogmatism in children’s thinking and delays their development. This method of teaching contradicts the content of typical educational programs. In our opinion, the lack of its understanding is the source of many disagreements that still occur in the work of our teachers, and this is the reason for criticism of “significant shortcomings of new programs” etc. The emphasis is also placed on using non-standard tasks in mathematics lessons that makes it possible to provide a world view and moral basis for judgments as an individual. By using appropriate non-standard tasks in the mathematics lessons, it is possible to deeply comprehend the current phenomena of children’s social life, the ability to solve them, learn to respect their own opinion, because modern education is the education aimed at child development. The material should be presented by the teacher in such a way that it is understood by each student, otherwise it will not evoke a desire to work, because it will be meaningless to them. In order to maintain interest in anything new, there must be certain elements of the old, known to the children. It is in the process of solving non-standard tasks that primary school students acquire the skills to work according to a plan, economically choose the means to achieve the goal, justify and analyse their actions. It can be concluded that non-standard tasks also increase complexity, contain a condition, which helps students to identify the mathematical apparatus necessary to solve a problem in the elementary school. The teacher can control the process of consolidation of knowledge provided by the curriculum through solution of problems of increased complexity. The solution of a non-standard problem requires students to conduct research. The ultimate goal is for students to learn to find a solution to any available goal on their own. Keywords: non-standard tasks, modern education, logical and mathematical development, solutions.

MOTIVATION TECHNOLOGY TO GET SUCCESS IN THE PRACTICE OF TEACHERS OF BIOLOGY AND FUNDAMENTALS OF HEALTH

Introduction. The problem of forming a successful personality is due to the needs of modern society. Successful personality is able not only to adapt to existing reality, but also shows activity, initiative and responsibility for the objective state of affairs in personal and social life, is the subject of his life. In this regard, the development of the problem of motivation to succeed and the conditions for its achievement, as well as the study of ideas about a successful person becomes especially acute in the modern world. Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze ways to effectively use the technology of motivation to succeed in general secondary education in the study of biology and basics of health; revealing the role of the teacher in increasing the motivation to achieve student success. Methods. To study the effectiveness of the use of technology to motivate students to succeed as well as the readiness of future teachers of biology and basics of health to carry out this type of activity, the following research methods were used: analysis of pedagogical and methodological literature, questionnaires of students, observation. Results. An analysis of the results of diagnosing students was carried out in order to determine the level of motivation of students in general secondary education. There was a decrease in cognitive interest and motivation of students. Peculiarities of improving the skills of future biology teachers to introduce motivation to succeed in the educational process in general secondary education are considered. Effectiveness in motivating success in biology and basics of health through the use of techniques such as "Using different quotes with motivational expressions", "Mistake – the path to success", "Success stories", "Motivational advice", "Motivational advice", "Leadership" Diary of Achievements", "Visual Motivation", "Verbal Motivation", "Situations of Success", "Affirmations", "Visualization of Goals". Originality. The obtained materials enrich the theory of methods of teaching biology and basics of health by clarifying and supplementing the essence of motivation technology for student success, improving the techniques of motivation technology and ways to use them in the pedagogical practice of higher education teachers – future biology teachers. Conclusion. The study confirms the need to introduce technology to motivate success in the educational process, improve the techniques of this technology, its development and implementation by future teachers of biology and basics of health during teaching practice and in future activities. Based on the analysis of the current state of motivation of teachers to motivate students to succeed in secondary education in terms of training future teachers of biology and basics of health and leading research areas of pedagogical experience on a particular problem, concluded the need to improve certain technology.

Соціальний аспект працеохоронної підготовки майбутніх учителів

Attention is drawn to the unsatisfactory state of health of Ukrainians against the background of low demographics, unfavorable socio-economic situation, pandemic of coronavirus COVID-19 and the consequences of hostilities. It is noted that this threatens the future of the Ukrainian nation. The urgency of the problem of poor health and high levels of injuries in general secondary education is emphasized. It is claimed that there is a relationship between the health of teachers and the health of students in general secondary education. Data on the unsatisfactory state of health of Ukrainian teachers are given. Based on the analysis of recent research and publications on this issue, it is concluded that modern teachers are not ready to create safe and healthy conditions during the educational process, that is their incompetence in the field of labor protection, based on misunderstanding of its social significance. It calls for integration into the European community, where the occupational safety training of future specialists is a priority, and the level of labor protection is identified with the level of development of the state. Based on the theoretical and methodological analysis of the research problem, it is noted that, despite the presence of certain developments, the social context of occupational training of future teachers is insufficiently covered. It is emphasized that the direct reflection of social demands and challenges are legislative documents. It was found that the need to strengthen measures to preserve the health of minors is stated in the leading documents of the international, national and sectoral levels. It is argued that social challenges and demands are reflected in scientific publications. It has been studied that leading scientists have an important role of general secondary education institution in creating a safe and healthy environment and the need for appropriate training of future teachers. It was found that, despite the provisions of leading documents and the beliefs of scientists, in practice, the loss of health by students of general secondary education is characterized by a tendency to deteriorate. This has prolonged catastrophic consequences, as applicants for general secondary education move into the category of workers in 1015 years. And workers are practically the only category of the population that fills the state budget, while other categories require public spending. Loss of health at the stage of general secondary education will inevitably have a negative impact on the further health and efficiency of workers. Accordingly, the state will suffer economic losses related to the payment of sick leaves, loss of working time, interruptions in production activities, medical expenses, etc. The conclusion is made about the importance and strategic nature of occupational training of future teachers in the context of ensuring sustainable development of society.

THE ROLE OF BIOLOGY TEXTBOOKS IN THE FORMATION OF STUDENT’S ABILITY TO ESTABLISH CAUSE-AND-EFFECT LINKS

The article presents the results of the analysis of school biology textbooks for 9th grade, related to their ability to form cause – effect relationships in students of general secondary education in biology lessons. Causality is presented as a connection between events, where one event is the cause and the other is the consequence. The analysis of biology textbooks on the possibility of forming cause-and-effect relationships was carried out according to the following criteria: structuring the main content of the textbook, its systematization and classification; the use of terms and concepts that form the foundation of each subject, act as the main form of knowledge and thinking of students in the subject area; types of tasks as mandatory components of the methodological apparatus of the biology textbook. Analysis of biology textbooks gives grounds to conclude that each of them has certain features, forms, methods that contribute to the formation of students’ cause-effect relationships. However, in no textbook we have not observed a comprehensive construction of content based on the disclosure of cause and effect relationships of biological processes, natural phenomena. The problem of selection and selection of the main, establishing causal links between the structure and function of objects and processes in biology textbooks needs to be studied and solved. Building the content of the textbook on the basis of causal relationships will contribute to the formation of causal thinking, more effective study of the subject, its unloading, the ability of students to correlate causal relationships in natural processes with their own lives.

Про перспективи розвитку шкільної медицини в Україні

The article presents the history of the development of school medicine in Ukraine, the birth of national school hygiene as an independent science. It was emphasized that school medical services are very important both in maintaining the health of the younger generation and in providing the best conditions for its formation, health promotion, and prevention of pathological conditions. In 1922–1935, institutes of health care for children and adolescents and institutes for the protection of motherhood and childhood were opened in Ukraine for the scientific development of health care issues for schoolchildren and adolescents. In October 1922, the first Ukrainian State Institute for Maternal and Child Health was opened in Kharkiv, which is now called SI «Institute of Children and Adolescents Health Care of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine». The Institute has become a leading research institution in Ukraine, which coordinates research on «Health Care of schoolchildren and adolescents», trains highly qualified personnel, publishes methodological and informational materials for implementation in practice, conducts scientific and practical conferences, and scientific symposiums on topical issues, including school medicine. According to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 31 of January 20, 2021 «On approval of the Procedure for providing medical care to students of general secondary education» medical care for students is now provided by a medical worker who is a member of the educational institution. Ways to improve the organization of medical care for students in secondary schools for more effective development of school medicine, the expediency of using the resources of the SI «Institute of Children and Adolescents Health Care of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» are presented. Therefore, only the combined work of educational and health care institutions can provide the most favorable conditions for maintaining the health of students.

Facets of interaction between the Ministry of National Education and the Ministry of Culture of France in the musical and educational space

The problem of research. The relevance of the research is due to the urgent need to find new approaches to the musical development of students in general education, which makes it significant to refer to the experience of France in connection with the existence in the country of an original model of musical education with an established system of multifaceted partnerships controlled by the bodies of the Ministry of National Education and the Ministry of Culture of France. The purpose of the article: scientific and practical justification of the need to develop a Russian strategy of musical development based on the interaction of educational and cultural organizations. Materials and methods. As a methodological basis, a system-structural approach was used, which made it possible to conceptualize the data obtained as a result of the analysis of sources, as well as in the process of personal communication with French colleagues. The results of the study. The mechanism of the studied interaction in various forms of educational, extracurricular and out-of-school musical activities is based on a clearly structured scheme of cooperation between schools and partner structures in the field of culture and art at the state (conceptual), academic (coordination) and local (performing) levels. The impetus for the construction of this system of partnerships was the recognition by the pedagogical community and the authorities of France of the priority of musical education as a powerful stimulant for the development of personal, intellectual and creative abilities of students necessary for successful implementation in any field of activity. Discussion and conclusion. The initial impulse to the emergence of the concept of attracting artistic and cultural structures in the musical and educational field was the introduction in the early 80s of the twentieth century of the original system of professional and amateur musical training of students in the framework of general education in college and lyceum. In the future, the experience of partnership interaction in the field under study gradually spread not only to academic, but also to extracurricular and out-of-school activities. As an important "breakthrough" of the French musical and educational project, a significant contribution to the educational activities of musical and cultural centers of global importance should be recognized. The far-sighted policy of the French authorities aimed at substantial support of artistic, especially musical culture as the basis for the development of the whole society can serve as a strategic guideline for the modernization of the music education system in Russia in terms of developing management schemes and educational technologies based on the interaction of educational institutions with cultural and art institutions.

Bibliometric and Content Analyses of Articles Related to Science Education for Special Education Students

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to reveal trends of articles related to science education for special education students published in the SSI journals. For bibliometric analysis, ‘Education & Educational Research’ and ‘Education Specific’ categories and SSCI journals were selected in WoS database and a total of 193 articles were accessed. In addition, content analysis of 100 articles was performed in the present study. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed that the most used keywords were science education, science, instruction, universal design for learning, special education, science instruction, learning disabilities, high school, students with disabilities, reading, dyslexia and inclusive education. The most productive authors were M.A. Mastropieri and T.E. Scruggs. The most cited journals was Remedial and Special Education, On the other hand, the most preferred research methods in the content analysis articles were experimental and literature review. Many of the articles focused on students with learning disabilities and various disabilities. The most preferred sample groups in these articles were middle school students and teachers. The sample size was between 31 and 100 for content analysis articles. In addition, analysis results showed that the sample size of general education students was higher than that of special education students.

Problem-based learning as a methodological strategy in the teaching-learning process

The educational strategies implemented within the classroom arise from the needs that are presented in the same environment where their academic activities are developed. teacher has the leading role to strengthen their knowledge. From this point of view, the ABP seeks to develop in students a new learning model that enhances their abilities and promotes the development of their abilities. The objective of the research was to analyze the incidence of Problem-Based Learning in teachers and students of Basic General Education, surveys were applied to teachers, as a source of primary information, in the same way the deductive, bibliographic, descriptive and historical method Through this methodological process, it was possible to develop in a more feasible way the research with the study of several authors, with the collection and analysis of the information it was obtained as a result that the teachers through the contextualization of their practice focused on the use of methodological strategies allow solving situations from a simple to complex case study, as well as ensuring that the student encourages different ways of learning from their own experiences.

A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Gifted Program Models Based on Student Social Interactions

The purpose of this research paper is to provide further insight into the social interactions and relationships of gifted students by addressing a gap in the body of knowledge that does not account for differences in student relationships across differing gifted program models. This study aims to narrow this gap by utilizing a quantitative comparative analysis of elementary gifted and general education students’ survey responses from two differing program models: the school-within-a-school model and the pull-out room model. In doing so, this paper discovered that both program models were generally well integrated and had low rates of bullying between gifted and general education students; however, comparatively the pull-out room model had a better integrated group of students, but a higher rate of reported bullying among its students. These findings provide the body of knowledge surrounding gifted education with further insight into the advantages and disadvantages that the use of one program model over the other can have and serves to better the education of both gifted and general education students.

Innovative activity of the laboratory of physical development and healthy lifestyle

The article reveals a retrospective of innovative activities of the laboratory of physical development and healthy lifestyle of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine for the period 2011 - 2021; the state of work of general secondary education institutions on physical and military-patriotic education of children and student youth is analyzed. Unsatisfactory physical condition and military-patriotic education of students of general secondary education, identified areas of research laboratory of physical development and healthy lifestyle: during 2011 - 2013, studied the topic: «Organizational and pedagogical conditions of physical education of students in extracurricular activities of secondary education educational institutions»; during 2014 - 2016, the topic was studied: «Military-patriotic education of students of secondary schools in extracurricular activities»; during 2017 - 2019, the topic «Methods of forming high school students' readiness to defend the Fatherland» was studied. From 2020 until today the topic «Military-patriotic education of students in the conditions of ideological and ideological confrontation» is investigated. The presentation of the main material is based on the results of work, innovative activities, scientific achievements of the laboratory of physical development and a healthy lifestyle in physical and military-patriotic education.

FORMATION OF SOCIAL COMPETENCE OF TEACHING STAFF IN THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL SPACE

The article substantiates the importance of forming the social competence of teachers. It was found that modern society needs specialists who know how to socialize in a fleeting society, people who are creative, active, competitive, competent, capable of change, with flexible critical thinking, to provide socio-pedagogical support of socialization, to form key and subject competencies of general secondary and higher education students.

Medieval Studies and Medievalism: Choosing Good Texts for ESL and General Education Students in Taiwan

This essay uses Brian Helgeland’s movie A Knight’s Tale (2001) as an example of modern medievalism and of a good choice for ESL and general studies students. Drawing on experiences from a course on films and television shows about the Middle Ages, taught at a technology university in Taiwan, I explore how this kind of class benefits Taiwanese ESL students, arguing in particular that a medievalism course can help both teachers and students to reflect on: (1) the need students have for some knowledge of medieval culture, which, entangled as it is in contemporary pop culture, they will encounter frequently in the films, TV shows, and video games that they enjoy; and (2) the need to think carefully about which texts to choose for ESL study.

Who benefits from general knowledge?

While vocational education is meant to provide occupational-specific skills that are directly employable, their returns may be limited in fast-changing economies. Conversely, general education should provide learning skills, but these may have little value at low levels of education. This paper contributes to this debate by exploiting a reform introduced in Spain in 1990 that postponed students’ choice between these two educational pathways from age 14 to 16. To identify exogenous changes in this policy, we instrument its staggered implementation with pre-reform province shares of students in general education interacted with cohort fixed effects. Results indicate that, by shifting educational investment from vocational to general education after age 16, the reform improves occupational outcomes and wages. However, these positive effects are concentrated among middle to high-skilled individuals. In contrast, those who acquire only basic general education have worse long-term employment prospects than vocationally-trained individuals.

Emotionally engaged or feeling anxious and cynical? School experiences and links to school achievement among Finland-Swedish general and special education students

The aim of the study was to enhance understanding of how seventh graders vary in emotional engagement and experienced well-being at school in terms of anxiety and cynicism. The two profiles were explored, and comparisons were made between students in general education and those in special education. The study participants comprised 119 Finland–Swedish students from five secondary schools. Four emotional-engagement and well-being profiles were identified based on cluster analysis. The students with the most typical profile were moderately engaged in teacher-student interaction and emotionally highly engaged in peer interaction, combined with a low risk of anxiety and cynicism. The profiles showed no statistically significant differences regarding gender and school achievement. However, there were differences between students in special education and those in general education. In Finland, Swedish –speaking Finns are a language minority group. Swedish has official language status in Finland. Compared to many other language minority groups they can be considered somewhat exceptional, since according to many welfare indicators they tend to do better than the general population. There are a few studies on differences between Swedish and Finnish– speaking students’ school experiences in Finland, however, so far studies exploring Swedish- speaking general and special education students’ emotional engagement and study well-being in terms of anxiety and cynicism have been scarce.