General Criteria Research Articles

Taking the natural geography book of the eleventh grade of high school under the light of the general quality measurements in the view of teachers and expert supervisors.

This research is to build a scale for evaluating the natural geography book of high school under the light of general quality criteria. Knowing theextentof having a general quality measure in the geography book of the11th grade of literary readings in the eyes of teachers and expert supervisors, according to the gender change (male and female) General quality in the booklet to achieve these goals, the researcher used the method of description and analysis as an example of the research which was made in (70) teachers and supervisors of geography in male and female gender All three educations in the east and west of Sulaimaniyah and Chamchamal education for the school year (2021-2022), which were selected in a symbolic way, research tools Which consisted of a survey form consisting of 86 sections, which was divided into (7) items, and this was the benefit of the previous research. The researcher after preparing the tool and directing it The truth and stability of using Person's partner in the rate of (0.815) then the researcher also performed it on the example of the research, after analyzing and presenting the survey to Using Person's co-ordination, appropriate center, Test (T.test) after being certain of the truth, the researcher used the(spss) statistical program. Finally, the researcher reached the goals that each (7) sections of the 11th grade natural geography book which are (objective, they were (aim, art, activity, motivation, teaching, language, subject, content) and they were not accepted.

Parallel MCMC algorithms: theoretical foundations, algorithm design, case studies

Abstract Parallel Markov Chain Monte Carlo (pMCMC) algorithms generate clouds of proposals at each step to efficiently resolve a target probability distribution $\mu $. We build a rigorous foundational framework for pMCMC algorithms that situates these methods within a unified ‘extended phase space’ measure-theoretic formalism. Drawing on our recent work that provides a comprehensive theory for reversible single-proposal methods, we herein derive general criteria for multiproposal acceptance mechanisms that yield ergodic chains on general state spaces. Our formulation encompasses a variety of methodologies, including proposal cloud resampling and Hamiltonian methods, while providing a basis for the derivation of novel algorithms. In particular, we obtain a top-down picture for a class of methods arising from ‘conditionally independent’ proposal structures. As an immediate application of this formalism, we identify several new algorithms including a multiproposal version of the popular preconditioned Crank–Nicolson (pCN) sampler suitable for high- and infinite-dimensional target measures that are absolutely continuous with respect to a Gaussian base measure. To supplement the aforementioned theoretical results, we carry out a selection of numerical case studies that evaluate the efficacy of these novel algorithms. First, noting that the true potential of pMCMC algorithms arises from their natural parallelizability and the ease with which they map to modern high-performance computing architectures, we provide a limited parallelization study using TensorFlow and a graphics processing unit to scale pMCMC algorithms that leverage as many as 100k proposals at each step. Second, we use our multiproposal pCN algorithm (mpCN) to resolve a selection of problems in Bayesian statistical inversion for partial differential equations motivated by fluid measurement. These examples provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of mpCN for high-dimensional target distributions featuring complex geometries and multimodal structures.

Criteria for selecting artificial intelligence tools

Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a transformative force across numerous sectors, from healthcare and finance to automotive and public services. The selection and deployment of AI tools are critical to leveraging this technology’s potential while adhering to ethical standards, regulatory compliance, and ensuring societal benefit. The European Union (EU) has been at the forefront of establishing frameworks and criteria to guide the development, deployment, and selection of AI systems to foster innovation while protecting citizens’ rights and societal values. The EU’s proactive stance in establishing these criteria aims to balance innovation with ethical considerations and societal welfare, setting a benchmark for responsible AI development and deployment globally. The aim of the article is to present general criteria for the selection of artificial intelligence tools, as well as those specific to the field of publishing. The research was carried out based on the analysis of scientific and other sources. The results of the study can be useful for organizations and individuals that must be interested in selecting and using the right AI tools.

The Partial Collapse of the Italia Viaduct

On 2 March 2015, one span of the so-called “Italia Viaduct”, the second highest bridge in Europe, collapsed during some renovation works, killing one worker. This article describes in detail the forensic investigations developed by the authors acting as technical consultants (i.e. expert witnesses) to the Public Prosecutor. In cases similar to that under study, it is very common that the collapse is disproportionate to the original cause. Hence, in the investigation, a clear distinction between the triggering cause and the causes of the damage evolution was made. The purpose of the investigations was not only to determine the causes of such a collapse but also to give the Public Prosecutor sufficient data to identify the parties responsible. The aim of the article is also to discuss the methodology used for the investigations and the relevant results in order to trace general criteria useful for forensic structural investigations.

New Criteria to Estimate Local Thermal Nonequilibrium Conditions for Heat Transport in Porous Aquifers

AbstractA fundamental assumption in numerous studies of heat transfer in porous media is local thermal equilibrium (LTE), which assumes that the temperature of the porous media at the fluid and solid interface is in instantaneous equilibrium. Although significant efforts have been made to quantify the occurrence and consequences of local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE), where the temperatures of the fluid and adjacent solid phases differ, there is no simple expression for quantifying the occurrence and effects of local thermal disequilibrium. Using a numerical model combining LTE and LTNE models, we develop here two simple general criteria based on Darcian velocities (q) and particle sizes (dp) of porous media for determining when LTNE effects occur (denoted as g(dp, q)) and when they become significant (denoted as f(dp, q)). Results show that using an LTE model can result in an underestimation of effective thermal diffusivity and the unaffected Darcian velocities when g(dp, q) > 0. It is possible that using the LTE model can result in an underestimation of the effective thermal diffusivity by more than 200 times within Darcian velocities ranging from 0 to 60 m/d. In the case of g(dp, q) < 0, the use of the LTE model can result in an overestimation of effective thermal diffusivity and Darcian velocities. The performances of the newly developed general criteria are demonstrated using three typical data sets and corresponding numerical models. These data sets include new heat tracer tests conducted in the laboratory and the field, as well as temperature‐time series collected in streambed sediments from a previous study by Shanafield et al. (2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd‐9‐4305‐2012). The potential LTNE effects should be considered when using heat as a tracer to characterize flow and heat transport in porous media in the presence of Darcian velocities less than 2 m/d and particle sizes larger than 10 mm.

A pressure and entropy criterion for glass transition decoupling in high-entropy metallic glasses

Decoupling between calorimetric and dynamical glass transitions has been observed in high-entropy metallic glasses (HEMGs) owing to their complex entropy effects. Pressure is another versatile thermodynamic variable that can be used to control the properties of metallic glasses (MGs) owing to the reduced interatomic distances. However, how can it affect such anomalous decoupling behavior in HEMGs remains unclear. Here, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the influence of pressure on the decoupling behavior in several prototypical MGs and HEMGs. We find that pressure can enhance the sluggish atomic diffusion and depress structural α-relaxation, thus promoting the decoupling in HEMGs, even with less atomic size mismatch. Finally, incorporating pressure and configurational and mismatch entropies, we propose a general criterion based on an explainable machine-learning method to quantitatively classify MG's decoupling or not. These findings refine our understanding of glass transitions and suggest an avenue for manipulating decoupling behaviors in HEMGs.

Characteristic cohomology II: Matrix singularities

AbstractFor a germ of a variety , a singularity of “type ” is given by a germ , which is transverse to in an appropriate sense, such that . In part I of this paper, we introduced for such singularities the Characteristic Cohomology for the Milnor fiber (for a hypersurface), and complement and link (for the general case). It captures the cohomology of inherited from and is given by subalgebras of the cohomology for for the Milnor fiber and complements, and is a subgroup for the cohomology of the link. We showed these cohomologies are functorial and invariant under diffeomorphism groups of equivalences for Milnor fibers and for complements and links. We also gave geometric criteria for detecting the nonvanishing of the characteristic cohomology.In this paper, we apply these methods in the case denotes any of the varieties of singular complex matrices, which may be either general, symmetric, or skew‐symmetric (with even). For these varieties, we have shown in another paper that their Milnor fibers and complements have compact “model submanifolds” for their homotopy types, which are classical symmetric spaces in the sense of Cartan. As a result, we first give the structure of the characteristic cohomology subalgebras for the Milnor fibers and complements as images of exterior algebras (or in one case a module on two generators over an exterior algebra). For links, the characteristic cohomology group is the image of a shifted upper truncated exterior algebra. In addition, we extend these results for the complement and link to the case of general complex matrices.Second, we then apply the geometric detection methods introduced in Part I to detect when specific characteristic cohomology classes for the Milnor fiber or complement are nonzero. We identify an exterior subalgebra on a specific set of generators and for the link that it contains an appropriate shifted upper truncated exterior subalgebra. The detection criterion involves a special type of “kite map germ of size ” based on a given flag of subspaces. The general criterion that detects such nonvanishing characteristic cohomology is then given in terms of the defining germ containing such a kite map germ of size . Furthermore, we use a restricted form of kite spaces to give a cohomological relation between the cohomology of local links and the global link for the varieties of singular matrices.

Examples of harmonic foliated currents and singular Levi-flats on the projective plane

We provide examples of foliations on the complex projective plane CP2 carrying positive foliated harmonic currents whose supports coincide with singular Levi-flats which, in turn, can be chosen real-analytic (but non-algebraic) or merely continuous with fractal transverse nature. Furthermore, non-trivial examples as above can already be found among foliations of degree 2 and 3. In addition, the space of positive foliated harmonic currents for these foliations is fully characterized and it contains a unique harmonic (non-closed) current supported on the Levi-flat in question. Finally, we also provide examples of foliations carrying diffuse positive foliated closed currents related to a theorem due to Brunella as well as a general criterion for the existence of singular real analytic Levi-flats for Riccati foliations.

Quasi-projective synchronization of non-identical time-varying delayed quaternion-valued neural networks with interaction terms: Direct method

This article investigates the quasi-projective synchronization (QPS) of non-identical quaternion-valued neural networks (QVNNs) with time-varying delays and interaction terms. Due to parameter mismatches between the drive and response systems, complete projective synchronization is not possible. As a result, a novel idea, known as QPS, is explored up to a small error bound. The direct method is used to derive several general criteria to achieve QPS. The Lyapunov stability theory is employed to estimate the error bound. The numerical simulation results are presented graphically for various special cases to demonstrate the synchronization of time-varying delayed QVNNs with mismatched parameters and interaction terms, which confirm the efficiency of the presented research results. The second example showcases the application of QVNNs coupled with associative memory to illustrate its efficacy in accurately restoring the original color image patterns.

Management of pediatric distal humerus metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fractures occurring at the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction of the distal humerus in children are not commonly documented in the literature. Until this moment, there is no gold standard technique regarding its management and most surgeons treat it as a regular supracondylar humerus fracture by conventional pinning. This systematic review explores the relevant literature to assess the efficacy of different techniques. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Our literature search encompassed several online databases, including PUBMED/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar. Data from articles that met our general inclusion criteria were extracted and categorized into treatment method groupings. Functional and cosmetic outcomes, demographic characteristics, and complications were the main parameters used to analyze the data. Ten retrospective studies met our inclusion criteria with a total of 178 participants of unilateral pediatric distal humerus metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction fractures. Most literature chose closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in seven articles, followed by elastic stable intramedullary nail technique used in three articles, then conservative treatment was chosen in two articles, while only one article used lateral miniplate and assisted K-wire and another article used combined closed reduction and percutaneous pinning and intramedullary K-wire. As regards the operation time; elastic stable intramedullary nails had the shortest time with a mean of 39.7 min (range: 37.5-41.9 min), while closed reduction and percutaneous pinning had the longest time with a mean of 75.47 min (range: 55.9-92.1 min). The shortest healing time was observed in miniplate with a mean of 7.2 weeks, while the most prolonged was in conservative management with a mean of 12 weeks and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning was a mean of 10 weeks. Regarding Flynn's criteria, all participants received excellent and good except in closed reduction and percutaneous pinning; 13 cases were fair and 2 cases were poor. Regarding complications, the most commonly observed complication after metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction fracture was cubitus varus, the highest incidence was in conservative management (33% of cases), followed by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (10.9% of cases), the least incidence was observed in elastic stable intramedullary nails (3.77% of cases), and none of the cases treated with mini plate developed this complication. Other complications were observed only with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning; 8.5% of cases developed fixation loss, 6.2% of cases had a significantly reduced range of motion, and one case refractured. Pediatric distal humerus metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction fractures should be distinguished from the more prevalent supracondylar humerus fractures, as conventional pinning techniques are associated with a higher incidence of complications and increased both operative and healing times.Level of evidence: III.

Comprehensive Assessment of the Effectiveness of Passenger Transportation Processes using Intelligent Technologies

Introduction This studypresents a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of passenger transportation using intelligent technologies based on economic, technical, and operational efficiency parameters. It reviews existing approaches to efficiency assessment and proposes an optimal set of criteria for assessing the efficiency of the passenger transport process, which will allow for better planning of routes, movement schedules, and choice of transport rolling stock. Objective This study aims to provide a better assessment of the efficiency of passenger transport using intelligent technologies. Aims This article aims to carry out an integral assessment of the efficiency of passenger transport using intelligent technologies based on the criteria of economic and technical-operational efficiency, which will allow better planning of routes and schedules and selection of rolling stock Methods In order to obtain a comprehensive criterion for assessing the efficiency of the transportation process, diverse techniques, including computer and mathematical modeling, algorithm theory, mathematical statistics, observation, and measurement, were employed. Results A general criterion was created in order to evaluate the efficiency of passenger transportation processes based on the overall costs for both the user and the operator. Furthermore, a specific criterion of efficiency for passenger transportation processes has been defined: passenger-kilometers traveled. The applicability of the model is evaluated in a bus corridor in Havana. The results show that due to external factors, namely overcrowding, overall costs decrease at the same rate for both 12-meter and 15-meter buses with different intervals, while the number of passengers transported per kilometer increases at a faster rate for larger buses. Conclusion Choosing a criterion to assess the effectiveness of the passenger transportation process requires considering various aspects of importance that will result in passenger comfort and safety, as well as the effectiveness of the transport process. To solve this problem, it is necessary to do additional research and analyses to determine the most appropriate set of criteria under specific conditions. In particular, consider vehicles of smaller capacity to take into account volumes with variable demand.

Control of the physical and technical fitness of elite professional rugby union players

Background. Rugby is one of the most popular sports abroad, that must have good physical, psychological, physiological, functional, technical condition for every athlete. The search for set of tests for monitoring the physical and technical fitness to achieve the successful performance of an athlete or a team in major competitions in Elite Professional Rugby Union Players continues to be an urgent problem. Purpose. This study aims to substantiate and develop a set of tests for monitoring the physical and technical fitness of rugby players aged 17-18. Material and Methods. There were eighty-seven male rugby players aged 17-18 from Ukrainian National team U18. All athletes volunteered to participate in the research. The following research methods have been used to solve the tasks of the research: analysis and synthesis of literature of the research topic; pedagogical observations; testing the technical, tactical and physical fitness; methods of mathematical and statistical analysis which are scientifically based and are widely used in sports science (correlation and factor analysis). The object of research is the indicators of the technical, tactical skills and physical fitness of 17-18 years old rugby players. Results. The authors offer the unified testing program and general quantitative criteria in the tests. Two approaches have been used as the main criteria for the informative tests – logical one, based on the explanation of physiological mechanism that determine high efficiency of players in the conditions of gaming activities, and empirical approach, based on the information about the factor structure and the validity of the tests used for these purposes. Information on the level of fitness of players at each stage can be used selectively in connection with aims and objectives that contribute to the management of the training process in general. Conclusions. With the help of motor and ergonomic tests, a general set of guidelines has been substantiated, which allowed to assess the state of technical, tactical and physical fitness of rugby players aged 17-18.

Comparative didactics: Toward a generic model for analyzing content-specific dimensions of teaching quality

Since the 2000s, the Joint Action framework in Didactics (JAD) has been developed in the context of the expansion of the French-speaking research in Comparative didactics. Studies carried out with this framework typically investigate how knowledge content develop in teacher-student classroom interactions. From a quite different perspective, classroom research on teaching quality has also developed considerably in recent years. Despite the many efforts to better understand relations between generic versus subject-specific dimensions of teaching, this dichotomy remains strong in the debates on teaching quality. This contribution explores a comparative model for characterizing the quality of teaching practices from the conceptual categories of the Joint Action framework in Didactics (JAD-MTQ). Based on the comparison of teaching and learning practices in two school subjects—physics and contemporary dance—this paper pursues a twofold objective: (1) proposing a provisional set of generic criteria for capturing content-specific dimensions of teaching quality; and (2) highlighting certain methodological conditions for ensuring qualitative analyses of these dimensions of teaching quality.

Design and Construction of a Multipole Electric Motor Using an Axial Flux Configuration

In the transportation industry, the use of renewable energies has been implemented in conjunction with the development of higher-power electric motors and, consequently, the development of intelligent control systems for torque and speed control. Currently, the coupling between both systems is being developed through mechanical systems, affecting the efficient transmission of energy and the useful life of the components. On the other hand, new configurations of electric motors are being developed, such as axial flux motors (AFM), because these can be coupled directly without a mechanical coupling, given their characteristics of high torque at low speeds. In the present work, an innovative design of a multipole axial flux motor (MAFM) is introduced. General criteria for the design and construction are presented considering the geometry in axial flux and permanent magnets. The performance of the system is evaluated through finite element magnetic simulations (FEMM) and compared with experimental measurements of the developed prototype; confirming the effectiveness of the design, obtaining torques of up to 1.784 Nm without extra mechanical couplings and maximum speed regulation errors of 8.43%. The motor was controlled by a digital pole switching system whit six control mode, applied to a permanent magnet MFA for speed and torque control at constant speed. This control can be extended to conventional radial flux electric motor configurations and intelligent traction applications, based on torque demand.

Entangled multiplets, asymmetry, and quantum Mpemba effect in dissipative systems

Recently, the entanglement asymmetry emerged as an informative tool to understand dynamical symmetry restoration in out-of-equilibrium quantum many-body systems after a quantum quench. For integrable systems the asymmetry can be understood in the space-time scaling limit via the quasiparticle picture, as it was pointed out in Ares et al (2023 Nat. Commun. 14 2036) . However, a quasiparticle picture for quantum quenches from generic initial states was still lacking. Here we conjecture a full-fledged quasiparticle picture for the charged moments of the reduced density matrix, which are the main ingredients to construct the asymmetry. Our formula works for quenches producing entangled multiplets of an arbitrary number of excitations. We benchmark our results in the XX spin chain. First, by using an elementary approach based on the multidimensional stationary phase approximation we provide an ab initio rigorous derivation of the dynamics of the charged moments for the quench treated in Ares et al (2023 SciPost Phys. 15 089). Then, we show that the same results can be straightforwardly obtained within our quasiparticle picture. As a byproduct of our analysis, we obtain a general criterion ensuring a vanishing entanglement asymmetry at long times. Next, by using the Lindblad master equation, we study the effect of gain and loss dissipation on the entanglement asymmetry. Specifically, we investigate the fate of the so-called quantum Mpemba effect (QME) in the presence of dissipation. We show that dissipation can induce QME even if unitary dynamics does not show it, and we provide a quasiparticle-based interpretation of the condition for the QME.

Origami manipulation by robot hand utilizing electroadhesion

This study presents strategies for the three fundamental origami operations of grasping, bending, and folding using a novel robot hand and simple motions. These operations are executed using a simple geometric model and without any visual feedback or physical modeling not to restrict the motions. With a few applications in the field of paper manipulation, the electroadhesion technology is employed to perform single hand grasping. Bending is realized by a single hand utilizing the elasticity of origami and friction. Folding is performed by holding an origami with more than two points to fix it at any moment for preciseness. In addition to the design of hardware and motions, operations are demonstrated with general criteria for the crease precision evaluation.

Standardized assessment of evidence supporting the adoption of mobile health solutions: A Clinical Consensus Statement of the ESC Regulatory Affairs Committee

Abstract Mobile health (mHealth) solutions have the potential to improve self-management and clinical care. For successful integration into routine clinical practice, healthcare professionals (HCPs) need accepted criteria helping the mHealth solutions’ selection, while patients require transparency to trust their use. Information about their evidence, safety and security may be hard to obtain and consensus is lacking on the level of required evidence. The new Medical Device Regulation is more stringent than its predecessor, yet its scope does not span all intended uses and several difficulties remain. The European Society of Cardiology Regulatory Affairs Committee set up a Task Force to explore existing assessment frameworks and clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence. This knowledge was used to propose criteria with which HCPs could evaluate mHealth solutions spanning diagnostic support, therapeutics, remote follow-up and education, specifically for cardiac rhythm management, heart failure and preventive cardiology. While curated national libraries of health apps may be helpful, their requirements and rigour in initial and follow-up assessments may vary significantly. The recently developed CEN-ISO/TS 82304-2 health app quality assessment framework has the potential to address this issue and to become a widely used and efficient tool to help drive decision-making internationally. The Task Force would like to stress the importance of co-development of solutions with relevant stakeholders, and maintenance of health information in apps to ensure these remain evidence-based and consistent with best practice. Several general and domain-specific criteria are advised to assist HCPs in their assessment of clinical evidence to provide informed advice to patients about mHealth utilization.

1 × 4 nano-pixel power splitter designed using an electric profile correlation coefficient monitor method

The power splitter is one of the fundamental elements in a photonic IC. Among various power splitter structures, nano-pixel-based ones have attracted attention in recent years because of their flexible design capability. As there is no rigid design rule in nano-pixel layout, typically, inverse design algorithms are employed to realize the target function. In inverse design, general criteria are needed during the design process, and one typical criterion is the excess loss, however, there are no specific criteria for mode field evaluation. When designing a 1 × N power splitter, considering the power balance among the N output ports is crucial, therefore, we propose a correlation coefficient method to evaluate the output electric field profile. In this study, we adopted vector criteria including both an excess loss and correlation coefficient method during the inverse design process. As a result, the simulated results show all four 0th order modes and the output power to be 24.490%, 24.494%, 24.494%, and 24.490% with a low excess loss of 0.1 dB.

Investigation of Interleukine-1 Beta in Urinary Tract Infection Patients

Objective: The study aims to investigate interleukin -1 beta (IL-1 ) in patients with urinary tract infections in the holy governorate of Karbala. Methods: This study was conducted during the period from October 2023 to February 2024 at Imam Hussein Hospital in the holy city of Karbala and the laboratories of the College of Applied Medical Sciences/University of Kerbala. The current study included collecting urine samples (for use in general urine examination) and blood (using blood directly to measure the complete blood count CBC and serum to measure interleukin -1 beta (IL-1 ) from 70 patients with urinary tract infection (35 patients with positive bacterial growth and 35 patients with negative bacterial growth) in addition to 70 healthy people. The following general criteria were also investigated: age, sex, height, and weight. Results: Eight bacterial species were obtained. From the findings of the study is the increase in concentration of IL-1 in patients with urinary tract infections compared to the control group. The presence of a negative correlation between LBP and IL-1 . Conclusions: Increase the concentration of IL-1 in patients with urinary tract infections. There is a negative correlation in patients with bacterial growth between LBP and IL-1 .

Quality of life of a child with post-COVID syndrome (clinical case)

Background. In recent years, modern medicine has been paying increasing attention to the patient’s quality of life, both in an interdisciplinary approach and in individual diseases. Quality of life is not only an important component of overall health, but also allows the clinician to develop an individualized approach to the patient based on general criteria for the pathological condition.The aim of the work. To assess the quality of life of a child with post-COVID syndrome.Material and methods. We studied the tonus of autonomic nervous system, the level of memorization, attention span and performance distribution, work efficiency, mental stability, and self-assessment of the anxiety level. The quality of life was assessed using our own method “Quality of life of children with post-COVID syndrome”. Results. A child with post-COVID syndrome developed vegetative, psycho-emotional, and cognitive disorders, which caused significant discomfort in everyday life and persisted for a long period. The neurovegetative changes described above were functional in nature, which allows us to hope for their reversibility. After the treatment, the teenager’s quality of life, based on assessment using our methodology, had a satisfactory score (43 points).Conclusion. The clinical case was characterized by asthenoneurotic disorders, autonomic disorders, increased anxiety, emotional lability, and some cognitive impairments that negatively affected the patient’s quality of life. The above describes the growing need for further development of assessment of the quality of life of children with post-COVID syndrome in order to form clear personalized algorithms for medical correction and rehabilitation of such patients.