General Apprehension Research Articles

Limb salvage after delayed arterial repair in compound Grade III C fracture humerus: a case report

<p>A combination of brachial artery injury and fracture shaft of humerus is a rare phenomenon. There is a general apprehension regarding survival of a limb after vascular injury. Only few studies exist in literature that discuss about the survival of such limbs. Our case is a 56 years old female patient who presented three hours after sustaining injury in the form of fracture shaft of humerus and complete transection of brachial artery distal to the origin of profunda brachii. Even though Doppler USG done initially revealed flow in the vessels distal to the injury, a CT Angiogram done later revealed cutting of the brachial artery. This prompted us to perform brachial artery exploration and repair. post operatively, digital subtraction angiography showed absence of flow in the brachial artery but limb survived due to extensive collateral circulation. Even after the golden period of vascular repair has lapsed, arterial repair is recommended if there is no evidence of gangrene. This should be supplemented with adequate systemic anticoagulants and/or fasciotomy.</p>

The QuiskScan—a quick risk scan to identify value and hazards in a collection

AbstractOver the past two decades a number of heritage institutions have conducted different forms of risk assessments. Despite the generally agreed profound changes such assessments make to an organization's approach to the care of its collection, there remains a general apprehension concerning the significant effort required to execute such an assessment. This paper describes the development of the QuiskScan, a quick risk scan, which yields an overview over a collection, its values and vulnerabilities with comparatively little effort. The QuiskScan uses a matrix-based approach to map value and vulnerability to the agents of deterioration for different collection units to highlight where significant losses to the collection might occur. Like other risk assessment approaches the QuiskScan involves expert input from across the organization thus helping to create a shared insight into the collection, and an institutional awareness of risks. The method should be regarded as a tool that fits in between relyin...

Interludes as Stages of Faith

The presentation of religion in many medieval and Tudor plays is minatory, dwelling upon the danger of damnation and offering sometimes terrifying warning about the consequences of wickedness for the afterlife. This apprehension was intensified by anxiety and uncertainty about which faith was the true one and the need to find a description of it. In an attempt to broaden the religious experience offered in some six interludes, this essay is concerned with rather more optimistic elements which would have helped to counterbalance the general apprehension. Because of the perceived need to train the young, it addresses the school and academic contexts of some interludes, and in doing so it shows how entertainment is made part of coming to terms with more sombre aspects. John the Evangelist is unusual in that it takes a Catholic approach and in so doing puts emphasis upon solitary devotion. The other interludes discussed here are strong in their advocacy of scripture as a guide and inspiration, and their emphasis upon the promises of God towards salvation. These features are perhaps more evident because for much of the time the authorities were sympathetic to the Protestant change rather that to the old religion. Individually the plays bring out measures of hope and thanksgiving. The existence of such aspects is directed towards making faith acceptable especially by means of pleasurable theatrical entertainment which spread widely across Tudor interludes. The mockery of the devil was a notable aspect of this strategy, as was the relationship between faith and education, as well as the possibility of worldly success and the proper use of wealth by the faithful. The elements identified here show a concern for making religious experience acceptable in the community and strengthening its place there in spite of the difficulties of belief which are apparent in the religious crises in the sixteenth century.

Behavioural and emotional responses to the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Nigeria: a narrative review.

This paper reviews the behavioural and emotional responses to the 2014 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Nigeria as documented in scientific publications and portrayed in the media between 21 July 2014 and 30 March 2015. The outbreak generated national interest and there were reports of patients suspected of having Ebola being avoided for fear of contracting the disease, misconceptions about EVD prevention and protests against locations of EVD-treatment centres. Suspected and confirmed EVD patients, as well as healthcare workers (HCW) who treated them, faced stigma and discrimination. The federal and state governments, and their local and international partners, responded promptly with a robust and coordinated prevention and control strategy that included regular dissemination of accurate information and social mobilisation, among others. Although general apprehension about EVD was reported among HCWs in Nigeria, many HCWs eventually volunteered to manage confirmed cases, to trace contacts and to participate in the country's control effort. Local anthropological studies are necessary to determine drivers of social responses to the EVD outbreak in Nigeria.

Chemical and biological research with deaf and hard-of-hearing students and professionals: Ensuring a safe and successful laboratory environment

Conducting research with deaf and hard-of-hearing (D/HH) students and professionals can be productive and rewarding to the researcher, their research group peers, supervisors, and faculty mentors. However, these efforts can also prove to be intimidating for faculty members/laboratory supervisors, especially to those who are new to working with this population. As is the case with any traditional research initiative, safety is of paramount importance and additional safety and communication considerations for working with D/HH individuals are discussed. Years of experience have indicated that barriers to working with D/HH researchers in the science laboratory are rarely primarily safety-related (as there are strategies to address and remedy these issues), but can rather be ‘attitudinal’ or due to general apprehension when host laboratories lack information/experience in working with this group of individuals. The goals of this article are to discuss laboratory safety strategies for working with D/HH individuals on research projects in the chemical and biological sciences and encourage faculty and supervisors in other organizations to involve and hire these competent scientists who bring valuable/diverse perspectives and experiences to the workplace. Though written from the perspective of academic settings, the best practices outlined here are predominantly transferable to governmental and industrial laboratories.

A Qualitative Study of Identifying Factors which Contribute and Non-Contribute to Voluntary Blood Donation through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) among Blood Donors and Non-Blood Donors

Background: Blood donation is a divine act that serves a humanitarian cause. Blood transfusion saves lives and improves health of many patients. Every component of blood can be used and it plays an important role in saving the lives of different individuals in the community. Blood banks urge everyone to respond to the needs of patients so that they can increase the stock and able to meet the demand of patients across the country. Objective: To collect the information on what is known and not known, their beliefs and practice among blood donors and nonblood donors in respect to voluntary blood donation. Materials and methods: There were four Focus group discussions (FGD’s) were conducted among Voluntary Blood Donors and non-blood donors. There were nine voluntary blood donors non-blood donors participated in each group. The discussions were conducted in a separate place with a closed room and the whole sessions were recorded with their permission. The discussions were conducted in local language and later the verbatim translations were done into English. Results and Conclusion: The majority of the donors said, they are donating blood to save an ill person. Donors who work in the IT companies, preferred to donate in the blood donation camp rather than in blood bank because of time factors. There were common myths, fears and superstitions about blood donation, as with previous study results such as giving blood causes weakness in the human body, medical problems, fear of needles, general apprehension, and fear of after-effects. Donors experienced the joy of blood donation and seriously discussed the matter of waiting time. A few donors suggested that a short film could be used to create awareness. Many blood donors observed that advertisement and information on voluntary blood donation camp was very limited. Blood banks should not always target a high number of blood donors but should organize blood donation camps even for fewer blood donors in the community

Microscopical evaluation of the cornea in the isolated chicken eye test: the most common histopathological changes

and zDepartment of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charit eeUniversit€atsmedizin Berlin, Germany Introduction: Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in everyday products as well as biomedical applications and intended or unintended contacts between NPs and the skin are likely. It is still unclear, however, whether pre-existing skin diseases may predispose to unwanted NP penetration or whether NPs may even aggravate hypersensitivity reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AHAPS-functionalized silica NPs penetrate inflamed skin or affect the course of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Materials and Methods: SKH1 mice (n 5 5 per group) with oxazolone-induced ACD were treated topically with 250 mg silica NPs of 55 6 nm in diameter and N-(6-aminohexyl)(3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (AHAPS)-functionalization or ultra pure water for 5 consecutive days. Mice were examined clinically, histopathologically and for several molecular parameters. NPs were visualized by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Results: The AHAPS-silica NPs were only identified in the superficial layers of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, but not in deeper epidermal or dermal layers, despite severe inflammation and barrier disruption. Furthermore, the NPs did not affect the course of ACD. Conclusions: In contrast to previous general apprehensions about NPs and experimental data on other NPs, AHAPS-functionalized silica NPs seem not to penetrate inflamed skin or affect the course of ACD in this model. Whether they may serve as suitable drug carriers in different skin conditions remains to be studied.

Unemployed Graduates’ Perceptions on their General Communication Skills at Job Interviews

Abstract This study is an attempt to assess the general communication skills of unemployed graduates at job interviews. The sample population comprised unemployed graduates who took part in the 1 Malaysia Training Scheme (SL1 M program) set up by the Malaysian government to address the issue of unemployment amongst the Malaysian graduates. The mixed method research was employed using research instruments comprising survey questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Questionnaires using a five point Likert scale were administered to 506 respondents where 337 were finally regarded as useable. Meanwhile face-to-face interviews were conducted with thirteen unemployed graduates from the same group of respondents in the SL1 M program. Descriptive analysis indicated that more than half of the respondents were in the range of moderate to low level in their general communication skills. Independent t-tests carried out indicated that there were significant differences for gender and types of higher education institutions (HEIs) in relation to general communication skills. Male unemployed graduates seemed to have higher general communication skills compared to their female counterparts, while unemployed graduates from the private HEIs (IPTS) have better general communication skills than those from the public HEIs (IPTAs). The ANOVA tests carried out with MUET band scores and general communication skills showed an upward trend where the higher the MUET band score, the higher the mean of general communication skills. Findings were further enhanced by the qualitative data that conformed to the data obtained from the quantitative analysis. Another equally important finding of the study is the association between general communication skills and communication apprehension. This finding opens up the prospect for further research, that general communication skills need to be assessed in relation to communication apprehension among unemployed graduates in Malaysia.

The impact of anxiety on heart rate variability at rest and under stress

Event Abstract Back to Event The impact of anxiety on heart rate variability at rest and under stress John Chalmers1*, Daniel S. Quintana1, 2, Maree J. Abbott1 and Andrew Kemp1, 3 1 University of Sydney, Australia 2 Brain and Mind Research Institute, Australia 3 Hospital Universitário, University of São Paulo, Brazil Aims: Anxiety increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), and is associated with poorer prognosis once CVD is diagnosed. Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) – indicative of reduced parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity – may be one mechanism underlying this relationship. Low HRV predicts CVD and all-cause mortality, and is associated with a number of anxiety disorders. However, it remains unclear whether anxious apprehension or arousal underpins HRV reductions. This is the goal of the present study, during rest, and stress conditions. Method: Eighty participants (55 controls) were recruited, and administered the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule IV and a semi-structured medical interview to assess psychiatric and medical history. Participants also completed measures (i.e. Penn State Worry Questionnaire, GAD-7, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, & Body Sensations Questionnaire) assessing anxiety related symptoms. Five laboratory tasks were administered (baseline rest, anticipation of shock, acute threat of shock, anticipation of serial subtraction, acute serial subtraction) during which electrocardiogram was collected from which indices of HRV were derived. Results: Participants with a primary anxiety disorder displayed significant reductions in HRV at baseline relative to controls (t = 2.58, p = .03) Multiple regression indicated that general apprehension and worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) predicted unique variance in HRV at rest. High worriers also exhibited significantly lower resting state HRV than low worriers. Conclusions: Decreased HRV is driven more by symptoms of worry and apprehension, than symptoms of panic and arousal. Keywords: Heart rate variability, Anxiety, Autonomic Nervous System, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Stress, Psychological Conference: ASP2013 - 23rd Annual meeting of the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology, Wollongong, Australia, 20 Nov - 22 Nov, 2013. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Other... Citation: Chalmers J, Quintana DS, Abbott MJ and Kemp A (2013). The impact of anxiety on heart rate variability at rest and under stress. Conference Abstract: ASP2013 - 23rd Annual meeting of the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.213.00020 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 05 Nov 2013; Published Online: 05 Nov 2013. * Correspondence: Mr. John Chalmers, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, john.chalmers313@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers John Chalmers Daniel S Quintana Maree J Abbott Andrew Kemp Google John Chalmers Daniel S Quintana Maree J Abbott Andrew Kemp Google Scholar John Chalmers Daniel S Quintana Maree J Abbott Andrew Kemp PubMed John Chalmers Daniel S Quintana Maree J Abbott Andrew Kemp Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Antithrombotic therapy: triple therapy or triple threat?

Abstract Antithrombotic therapy plays an essential role in the management of some of the most common and morbid medical conditions. Triple oral antithrombotic therapy (TOAT) is defined as the administration of both therapeutic oral anticoagulation (OAC) and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to patients with indications for both treatments. The current societal guidelines regarding TOAT are derived from observational studies and some trials of the use of warfarin in addition to antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and a recent acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention. The general apprehension to administer TOAT is due to the heightened concern for bleeding, rendering warfarin's pharmacokinetic properties concerning. Newer anticoagulant agents may serve as appealing alternatives, and further investigations are warranted. The results of the recent trials that have studied the use of these agents in atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome offer some useful applications to TOAT. Ultimately, selecting the most favorable antithrombotic strategy is going to involve weighing the risks and benefits for each patient.

Antithrombotic therapy: triple therapy or triple threat?

Antithrombotic therapy plays an essential role in the management of some of the most common and morbid medical conditions. Triple oral antithrombotic therapy (TOAT) is defined as the administration of both therapeutic oral anticoagulation (OAC) and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to patients with indications for both treatments. The current societal guidelines regarding TOAT are derived from observational studies and some trials of the use of warfarin in addition to antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and a recent acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention. The general apprehension to administer TOAT is due to the heightened concern for bleeding, rendering warfarin's pharmacokinetic properties concerning. Newer anticoagulant agents may serve as appealing alternatives, and further investigations are warranted. The results of the recent trials that have studied the use of these agents in atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome offer some useful applications to TOAT. Ultimately, selecting the most favorable antithrombotic strategy is going to involve weighing the risks and benefits for each patient.

Community Building in Online Writing Centers

Being without power for over eight hours (and counting), I am acutely aware of the impact of technology upon my life. Aside from my general apprehensions about the loss of heat, the upcoming cold shower, and the possibility that my food may spoil, I miss my computer the most. Composing by hand is a task too unfamiliar to describe; yet, I find comfort in its possibilities. When all else fails, I can still write. With the simple tools of pen, paper, and sunlight, I settle down to record my thoughts. I know that writing by hand will endure because while computers provide one method for composition, they do not replace the practical process of handwriting.

Second Language Writing Anxiety and Translation

The acquisition of foreign language and translation skills exposes learners to tasks and pressures that the literature defines as anxiety-provoking. But whilst a large number of studies have investigated the impact of second language anxiety on the classroom performance of foreign language learners, few empirical studies have been conducted to examine the problems derived from second language anxiety in translator training contexts. To fill this important gap, this study investigates the impact of second language writing anxiety in a Chinese-to-English translation class. Drawing on the data provided by a sample of 50 translation major students in a Hong Kong university, the analysis shows that there are significant correlations between second language writing anxiety, translation performance, and language ability (real and perceived). A number of factors provoking second language writing anxiety in the translation class are identified. Among these, the fear of being evaluated and the general apprehension of writing in English have been found to contribute significantly to predicting success in translation learning. The findings suggest that, in a translation class, it is important for teachers to be aware of anxiety-provoking practices, help learners reduce anxiety levels, and encourage student translators to form correct and positive self-perceptions about their language abilities.

July '64 (review)

Reviewed by: July '64 Patrick D. Jones July '64 (2006). Directed by Carvin Elson. Distributed by California Newsreel. www.newsreel.org 53 minutes. Director Carvin Elson's documentary, July '64, explores three nights of racial violence in Rochester, New York, during the summer of 1964, an episode that resulted in the first National Guard intervention in a Northern city during the civil rights era. The film underscores the yawning gap between white [End Page 151] perception and black experience in post-war urban America and the explosive results of that chasm during the sixties. For most white residents of Rochester, the period following WWII represented a golden age of economic expansion, rising wages, home ownership, and cultural revival. Home to industrial giants like Kodak, Bausch & Lomb and Xerox, as well as historic figures like Frederick Douglass and Susan B. Anthony, Rochester prided itself as a progressive city with a reputation for equal opportunity. Yet, this success also contributed to what some viewed as a smug and complacent attitude among affluent residents and civic leaders. White Rochesterians displayed a general apprehensiveness toward outsiders and a stubborn unwillingness to recognize the growing racial inequality in their community and, thus, the need for change. African American experience in Rochester stood in sharp contrast to the prosperity enjoyed by most whites, but was sadly typical of black circumstances across urban America at the time. Between 1950 and 1960, the black population rose roughly three hundred percent from 8,400 to more than 30,000 as African Americans fled the Jim Crow South in search of greater respect, increased job opportunities, better housing and quality education for their children. Upon arrival, though, black migrants faced cramped, segregated housing in dilapidated, rat-infested structures, widespread employment discrimination, and substandard urban public schools. In the film, residents call the conditions "inhuman," "shameful," "uncivilized" and "drastically wrong." The resulting poverty led inevitably to a growing "quiet rage" and rising tensions with local police who used strong-arm tactics and German shepherds to maintain order in black neighborhoods. African Americans referred to the situation as a "police state" while the mayor of the city suggested that black residents were over-reacting. Either way, by the mid-1960s, most African American citizens agreed that Rochester's two predominately black wards were a "keg of dynamite and all it needed was a match." The explosion took place on July 25th as police tried to subdue an intoxicated black reveler at a neighborhood block party. Some claimed the crowd reacted to excessive force by the officers, while others said the culprit's friends interfered with police. Rumors that a police dog bit a young girl and that an officer slapped a pregnant woman only added fuel to the fire. One resident suggested that identifying a trigger was "like finding the raindrop that caused the storm or the snowflake that caused the blizzard." Whatever the immediate catalyst, the long-simmering tensions of urban racial inequality finally boiled over, resulting in three days of unrest. Young black residents [End Page 152] clashed with hundreds of policemen armed with batons and fire-hoses in scenes that many will find eerily reminiscent of racial conflict in Birmingham the previous year. Dozens of storefronts were smashed and businesses looted before National Guardsmen finally restored order. Constance Mitchell, a ward supervisor prominently featured throughout the film, called the disturbance "a crude awakening" for the city. While the eruption brought new attention to the struggles of Rochester's black community, the documentary also makes clear that large-scale demographic and economic trends have ensured the continuation of urban racial inequality up to the present day. Aesthetically, July '64 takes a traditional documentary approach to its subject. Based primarily on archival footage, colorful (and, in retrospect, somewhat humorous) promotional films and interviews with local people, including the mayor, city council members, journalists and residents, the film also relies heavily on Dr. James Turner and journalist Jack Germond to situate local events within a broader historical context. The singular voice of Roscoe Lee Brown provides the narration. The film does include some rough cuts, but overall, it is well constructed. Historically, July '64 provides an important look at racial violence in...

Gender Segregation and ICT

Gender segregation in science, engineering, construction, technology (SECT) is a persistent feature, both in India and the UK. Although culturally the two countries differ, under-representation of women in SECT is widespread and a cause for general apprehension, and in recent years, this has gained recognition in the study of gender, work, and family. In this paper, the authors discuss findings of a comparative study undertaken between India and Britain in the ICT sector. Using 27 interviews with ICT professionals in the two countries, the authors discuss views on ICT education, recruitment, and employment practices, work-life balance, changing gender relations, opportunities for progression, and retention in the two countries. The authors take into consideration women’s role in power and politics and how the “public” and “private” patriarchy shapes women’s position in the labour market, with an essential backdrop of “patrifocality” in the Indian context.

Ecology and conservation status of tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) in the Pacaya-Samiria Reserve, Peru

The distribution, relative abundance, group size, reproductive seasonality, and conservation status of tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) were investigated in Peru’s Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve from 1996 to 2000. Data collection consisted of boat-based surveys of dolphins and habitat, necropsies, photo-identification of individual dolphins, and interviews with local people. Mean encounter rates were between 0.01-0.80 tucuxi/km in rivers, and 0.05-2.17 tucuxi/km2 in lakes, and were within the ranges reported for riverine tucuxi throughout their distribution. Encounter rates were highest in confluences, intermediate in lakes, and lowest in rivers. Encounter rates increased with river width. Most tucuxis were seen within 100m from shore in large rivers, and large groups were associated with confluence areas and mid-channel islands. Within lakes, tucuxis were associated with areas of deeper water. Tucuxis were not found in waters <3m depth in rivers, or <1.8m depth in lakes. Seasonal differences in encounter rates did not exist in lakes and rivers. In confluences tucuxis occurred in highest densities during low water, and lowest densities during high water. Diurnal patterns of occurrence were not observed. Tucuxis were seen most often as singles or pairs, although groups as large as 13 were observed. Significant seasonal differences in group size were not detected. Neonate tucuxi were observed in all seasons, with a slight peak in encounter rates during high water. Abundance estimates were affected by survey methods, and strengths and weaknesses of various methods are discussed. Photo-identification rates were low, and this method did not yield information about tucuxi site fidelity, movement patterns, social structure, or population size. Local people in the Reserve did not seem to have the same myths and general apprehension about tucuxis as for the other sympatric dolphin, Inia. There was no evidence that tucuxi were poisoned by fishermen, unlike Inia. Potential threats to tucuxi in this region were entanglement in fishing gear, mercury in migratory fish from gold mining elsewhere, oil spills, ship strikes, and disturbance from boats. Only one dead tucuxi was encountered, and had been entangled in a turtle net. Tucuxi teeth were found for sale in local markets.

Social Interaction Anxiety and the Discounting of Positive Interpersonal Events

Recent research has indicated that individuals with social interaction anxiety make biased interpretations of positive social interactions, with greater general apprehension in response to such events and more negative predictions about the future. There has also been some preliminary evidence for a second facet of interpretation bias, namely a failure to accept others' positive reactions at face value, but this has so far not been adequately studied. The present study developed a new measure of this "discounting" dimension and utilized a nonclinical sample of undergraduate students to provide an initial analysis of the scale. Results provide early support for the psychometric properties of our scale, and indicate that discounting mediates the relationship between social interaction anxiety and low positive affect, over and above the previously studied aspect of positive event interpretation bias. The implications for treatment interventions and further research are discussed.

Tandem use of immunofluorescent and DNA staining assays to validate nested PCR detection of mycoplasma

Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture is a serious setback to cell culturists across the world with a very high rate of reported occurrence particularly because of difficult early detection. Out of a variety of detection methods known, the double-step nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of mycoplasma in cell culture has been critically viewed upon because of chances of producing reliable results. A nested PCR technique, described to detect a large range of cell-culture-contaminating mycoplasma species, with greater sensitivity to detect as low a contamination as a few organisms, was compared with the results from two cytological techniques employed in tandem. These are DNA staining using Hoechst, the gold standard, and an immunofluorescent assay using a highly specific monoclonal antibody. The study undertaken on randomly collected cell cultures revealed a false-negative and several false-positive results in comparison to the cytological methods employed. The observations were particularly more unambiguous with the immunofluorescent assay employed in the study while simultaneously employed Hoechst staining serving as an indicator of bacterial contamination. There is a general apprehension that genus-specific PCR approaches could be associated with inaccurate outcome and only species-specific PCRs may be satisfactory in routine screening for mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures. At this juncture, it may be suggested that caution must be exercised while adopting the two-step nested PCR-based detection approaches, and the simultaneous employment of cytological methods used in this investigation could prove to be practicable in the proper interpretation of results.

Concise Guide to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Third Editionby Mina K. Dulcan, M.D., D. Richard Martini, M.D., and MaryBeth Lake, M.D. Arlington, Va., American Psychiatric Publishing, 2003, 404 pp, $32.95.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book ForumFull AccessConcise Guide to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Third EditionDAVID M. MARGULIES M.D.MALGORZATA RELJA M.D.GABRIELLE A. CARLSON M.D.,DAVID M. MARGULIES M.D.Search for more papers by this authorMALGORZATA RELJA M.D.Search for more papers by this authorGABRIELLE A. CARLSON M.D.Search for more papers by this author,Published Online:1 Sep 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.9.1651aAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail The field of child and adolescent psychiatry may seem overwhelming to trainees and clinicians who specialize in other areas. Not only is there general apprehension about dealing with diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in general, the prospect of doing so in children, where development (normal, deviant, delayed), assessment differences (knowing how to talk to children at different ages as well as to their parents), and the need to deal with different systems (e.g., schools, social services) adds an additional layer of complexity. Fortunately, the Concise Guide to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry is just what the doctor (young and old) ordered. Although the authors intended this handbook to be used by “the novice in child and adolescent psychiatry who has some knowledge of adult psychiatry” (p. 1), we feel that it is an excellent resource for medical students, residents in pediatrics, neurology and general psychiatry, fellows in child and adolescent psychiatry, and general psychiatrists in practice who want a brief review of topics that they don’t frequently encounter. The book is written in nine well-organized chapters that are clustered into three broad areas. Chapter 1, Introduction, and chapter 2, Evaluation and Treatment Planning, help medical students and clinicians who are still learning to organize their approach to children with possible mental health problems. There are excellent summary tables (for instance, there is one on psychoeducational tests commonly used to evaluate children and one of structured interviews used in research) that those preparing for exams would do well to review.Chapters 3 through 6 focus on axis I disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence, “adult” disorders that may begin in childhood or adolescence, and developmental disorders. Each disorder is summarized thoughtfully by clinical description, epidemiology, comorbidity, etiology, course and prognosis, evaluation, differential diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. The summaries are inclusive and are valuable as a brief review for everyone.Chapters 7 through 9 cover special circumstances and treatment. Chapter 7, Special Clinical Circumstances, is valuable as an overview for physicians who encounter child and adolescent emergencies and situations that require expert assessment and prompt intervention. Topics include suicide, child maltreatment, sexual abuse and rape, out-of-control behavior, family transitions, adolescent pregnancy, obesity, physically ill children, and children of psychiatrically ill parents. The section on family transitions is particularly helpful regarding specific interventions for different developmental stages. Chapter 8, Psychopharmacology, describes medication indications and dosage, developmental toxicity, outcome, adherence to treatment, and ethical issues. Unfortunately, any book that addresses psychopharmacological treatment is out of date before it is published, and this is no exception. The current controversy surrounding selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antidepressant treatment in children is not addressed because it postdates the book by a couple of years. Again, however, the tables are especially helpful.Chapter 9, Psychosocial Treatments, provides useful information on methods of engaging children and adolescents to enhance communication and reduce resistance.Also valuable is information on service delivery as it pertains to a continuum of care, especially emphasizing psychiatric disorders that are not being successfully treated unless the family dynamics and the school environment are considered.In summary, this handbook provided a readable, succinct overview of child and adolescent psychiatry and covers multiple topics. There are a reasonable number of references for each topic and many useful tables throughout. The main strength of the book lies in its breadth while maintaining its brevity. It provides a quick review for the experienced child psychiatrist and is especially useful for medical students, residents, fellows, and non-child psychiatrists.Stony Brook, N.Y. FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByNone Volume 163Issue 9 September, 2006Pages 1651-1652THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY August 2006 Volume 163 Number 9 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 September 2006 Published in print 1 September 2006

Refugee perceptions of the quality of healthcare: findings from a participatory assessment in Ngara, Tanzania

This article describes the findings of a participatory assessment of Burundian and Rwandan refugees' perceptions of the quality of health services in camps in Ngara, Tanzania. Taking a beneficiary-centred approach, it examines a collaborative effort by several agencies to develop a generic field guide to analyse refugees' views of healthcare services. The objective was to gather information that would contribute to significant improvements in the care offered in the camps. Although the primary focus was on healthcare, several broader questions considered other general apprehensions that might influence the way refugees perceive their healthcare. Findings indicated that while refugees in Ngara were generally satisfied with the quality of healthcare provided and healthcare promotion activities, recognition of some key refugee concerns would assist healthcare providers in enhancing services. With increasing need for refugee community participation in evaluating humanitarian assistance, this assessment has relevance both in the context of Ngara and beyond.