General Acceptance Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF USING DIFFERENT YEAST SPECIES IN BREAD PRODUCTION ON CONSUMER PREFERENCES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TASTE

This study aims to investigate sensory attributes that play a significant role in determining consumer preferences in the food sector. The research explores the impact of three different yeast types used in bread preparation, assessed through sensory analysis methods, on the perceived taste and overall acceptability of the products. The study employs an experimental design and conducts product testing in real sales environments. A panel of 22 participants was requested to evaluate breads prepared with three visually similar but content-wise different yeast types. Following a tasting session, participants provided data based on sensory analysis criteria, including "appearance," "flavor," "texture," "odor," and "general acceptability," using a designed survey method. The collected data were analyzed using statistical software packages, specifically through Friedman's and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests. The research findings indicate variations in consumer preferences regarding taste, texture, odor, and overall acceptability. Panelists expressed a higher preference for breads obtained with sourdough yeast.

The impact of pre-drying and different infrared powers on some quality parameters of apple chips fried by vacuum-combined infrared radiation

In this study, the use of vacuum-combined infrared radiation (VCIR) as a frying technique for the production of apple chips was investigated. The effects of a pre-drying treatment before frying on the quality parameters of apple chips were also evaluated. While the frying time of apple slices decreased by increasing the infrared power, the browning index value, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, and oxidation ratio were raised. The frying times, oil contents, browning, and oxidation rates of apple chips were decreased with the pre-drying treatment. The sensory analyzes showed that the samples fried by vacuum-combined infrared radiation had the highest scores in all sensory characteristics than deep-fat fried samples. Pre-dried apple samples (41% moisture) fried at 350W infrared power under 400 mmHg vacuum pressure had the highest score for general acceptance. The results showed that VCIR would be an alternative frying method for producing healthier apple chips with less oil content and higher quality.

Evaluation of the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Surveillance System in the Assaba region, Mauritania (2020-2022)

Several arboviral diseases have been known to be endemic (e.g., Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever) or are emerging (dengue fever, chikungunya, O'nyong-nyong) in human populations in Mauritania, while others have become rare in recent years (e.g. yellow fever). Moreover, domestic animals, especially cattle, camels, goats, and sheep, are also known to be infected with some of these arboviruses (e.g. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever). For these reasons, viral hemorrhagic fever surveillance in Mauritania is part of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR). However, limited information is available on the efficacy of the viral hemorrhagic fever surveillance system in the Assaba region of Mauritania. The aim of the present study was to assess the performance of the surveillance system, in particular its general utility, simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, and reactivity. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2022 in the Assaba region with the objective of evaluating the characteristics of the system by interviewing key actors involved in the surveillance of viral hemorrhagic fevers, with a focus on Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, using questionnaires developed following the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, Georgia, USA). Data from 2020-2022 on viral hemorrhagic fevers from the National Institute of Public Health laboratory were analyzed. Medians, interquartile ranges, and proportions were calculated using Epi Info® 7.2.5.0 and Excel® 2021. The questionnaire was answered by all twenty-six persons involved in the viral hemorrhagic fever surveillance system in Assaba region. The majority of survey respondents found the system to be useful (51%), simple (63%), acceptable (46%), responsive (64%), and flexible (46%). An analysis of the data revealed a positive predictive value of 28% for Rift Valley Fever. The weekly distribution of cases within the wilaya indicates that the moughataa of Kiffa recorded the highest number of cases in September, with a notable weekly peak during that month in 2020. According to the analysis of the National Institute of Public Health database, cases of viral hemorrhagic fevers were promptly handled. Survey responses and database analysis revealed issues related to data quality and data management mechanisms. These limitations in the surveillance system are likely to be due to insufficient resources and training of the personnel, in particular with regards to data collection and management, which in turn led to incomplete or missing data and invalid data entry. These weak points can be ascribed, at least in part, to financial constraints and inadequate attribution of priority to arboviral diseases. Despite these limitations, disease data generated by the surveillance system were generally reliable. The viral hemorrhagic fever surveillance system in the Assaba region adheres to the organization and functioning of the national viral hemorrhagic fever surveillance system, which is part of the IDSR. The characteristics of utility, simplicity, responsiveness, and flexibility of the viral hemorrhagic fever surveillance system are good, but acceptability and flexibility need further improvement. The earlier the first arboviral human or animal cases are detected, the more likely an active intervention can be organized in response to the emerging epidemic or epizootic and prevent the spread of the disease. An efficient viral surveillance system is the key to reducing the negative impact of arboviral diseases in Assaba region.

Development and Acceptability of Yarn from Adams Needle (Yucca Filamentosa) Plant as Vegan Textile

This study will mainly focus on the development and acceptability of extracted fiber from Adam’s needle plant, specifically from its spiked leaves, as a vegan textile. This groundbreaking study aims to revolutionize the fashion and textile sectors by investigating the potential of this plant’s fiber through the project development method. Three groups were selected using the purposive sampling technique by choosing members of the industry to participate in our surveys, which included 5 garment faculty/instructors, 15 Regional Yarn Production and Innovation Center (RYPIC) staff, and 5 loom weavers/textile experts, for a total of 25 respondents. The describe-method of research was used with the sets of questionnaire-checklists supplemented by unstructured interviews and observations as the gathering instrument. A five-point Likert rating scale was used to determine the descriptive meaning of the indicators of the variables used. The weighted mean was also utilized to determine the general acceptability of Adam’s needle fiber. Here is the summary of the level of acceptability of yarn, which has an overall mean of 4.38 for faculty members, an overall mean of 4.24 for weavers and experts, and an overall mean of 4.20 for the RYPIC. According to the evaluation results, indicating that Adam’s needle (yucca filamentosa yarn) is “moderately acceptable," it passed the evaluation of the three groups of respondents in terms of appearance, texture, and durability.

Optimization of the levels of ginger extract, palm oil and glucose syrup on the sensory quality of ginger yema

Ginger yema is a product of Guio-ang MPC cooperative of Guindolman, Bohol, Philippines. Yema may also be called a custard candy as it is mainly made of egg yolk, sugar and milk. The yema product made by Guio-ang MPC cooperative uses these same common ingredients with added ginger extract and glucose. To improve and enhance the sensory quality of the aforesaid product, an optimization study on the ingredients namely ginger extract, palm oil and glucose syrup was conducted. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effect of the different levels of ingredients on the product’s sensory quality. Statistical analysis revealed that the linear and quadratic term of palm oil and glucose syrup levels significantly affect the color, hardness, chewiness and general acceptability of ginger yema. The quadratic term of ginger extract and palm oil significantly decreased the oiliness acceptability. Significant reduction in toothpacking acceptability was observed in the linear term of the glucose syrup level. The interaction of palm oil and ginger extract had a negative significant effect on the color, while the interaction of glucose syrup level and ginger extract significantly affected the hardness and toothpack. The interaction of the glucose syrup level and palm oil significantly affected the product’s hardness, chewiness and general acceptability as well. The superimposed contour plots of all responses revealed the optimum result for color, hardness, chewiness and general acceptability at 14.75% w/w ginger extract, 12.00% w/w palm oil, and 12.20% w/w of glucose syrup.

Enhancing Muscovy Duck Meat Quality and Growth Development Through Oregano Extract Supplementation: A Study in Agricultural Innovation

This study investigated the effects of oregano extract (OE) supplementation on the growth and meat quality of Muscovy ducks, aiming to optimize meat quality and explore sustainable dietary interventions in poultry production. Twenty-five male Muscovy ducks were meticulously allocated to five treatment groups, each comprising five replications, employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Ducks were exposed to varying levels of oregano extract supplementation with five dietary treatments: T0 (control), T1 (25% OE), T2 (50% OE), T3 ( 75% OE), and T4 (100% OE). Throughout the 4-week trial period, individual ducks were accommodated in designated pens to facilitate precise monitoring. The investigation examined several growth parameters, including feed intake (FI, the amount of feed consumed by each duck), feed cost (FC, the expense associated with feeding each duck), weight gain (WG, the increase in body weight of each duck over the specified time period), and feed conversion ratio (FCR, the ratio of feed consumed to weight gained), assessed at weekly intervals. Results showed that OE supplementation did not significantly affect feed intake or weight gain, except for weeks 1 and 2 where T3, supplemented with 75% OE, exhibited the highest weight gain. However, OE supplementation significantly improved FCR, with T3 showing the lowest FCR, indicating enhanced nutrient utilization. Additionally, T3 displayed the highest fasted live weight, dressed weight, and dressing percentage, suggesting improved meat production and quality. Sensory analysis revealed that T3 consistently exhibited favorable meat quality attributes. Overall, T3 demonstrated the highest general acceptability among consumers, based on criteria such as taste, texture, and overall satisfaction. The study highlights the potential of OE supplementation to optimize feed efficiency and enhance meat quality in Muscovy ducks.

Antimicrobial Effects of Fenugreek (Trigonella foecum-graecum) Extract on Smoked Dried African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foecum-graecum) extract solution on smoke-dried African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) stored at ambient temperature (32.0±2°C) over the period of 21 days. The experimental treatments were the control, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% (w/v) fenugreek extract solutions. A total of 70 fish of average mean weight of 30.98±1.32g were degutted, washed and soaked in the extract solutions for 30 minutes and later smoked-dried for 12 hours. The smoked-dried fish treated with 1.0% solution of extract had the highest moisture content of 12.33%, followed by 11.39% recorded in fish treated with 0.0% solution of the extract. Highest crude protein of 49.09% was obtained in the control while the least (37.76%) was recorded in the fish treated with 0.5% fenugreek extract. There was no increase in microbial loads in all the treated samples except in the control which increased from 5×103 to 18×103. There was no significant difference in the general acceptability of all the treated samples. This study revealed that fenugreek extract can be used as a preservative against microbial activities on smoked-dried Clarias gariepinus thereby reducing nutritional and economic loss.

Parents' Perceptions of Schools' COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies: A Phenomenological Study.

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, schools closed across the United States. Given the impact of virtual learning and lost access to school resources, schools eventually reopened with COVID-19 mitigation protocols in place. This qualitative study sought to understand parental perceptions of school-based COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Using a phenomenology approach, nine focus groups were completed with 40 parents of children in grades K-8 representing eight Maryland counties. Based on acceptance of masking policies (as indicated on a survey), parents were sorted into 2 groups-lower and higher masking acceptance. A thematic analysis was conducted for each group and themes were compared between the 2 groups. The main themes were related to parents' general sentiments regarding COVID-19, compliance, pandemic-related changes over time, changes in personal opinions, and in-person learning. Both groups described challenges related to inconsistent COVID-19 mitigation policies and practices, the challenges of rapid and frequent changes in guidelines during the pandemic, and the benefits of in-person learning. Parents of elementary and middle school children, regardless of general acceptance of masking policies, shared concerns about implementation and guidance regarding school-based mitigation strategies.

Correlates of Staff Acceptability of a Novel Telemedicine-Delivered Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Program in a Rural Detention Center.

Opioid overdose death is significantly increased immediately following incarceration. Evidence-based medications are underutilized in rural jails and detention centers. We have reported our efforts to address this gap through telemedicine-based medications for opioid use disorder treatment (tele-MOUD) for incarcerated patients. Staff acceptance and perceptions are critically important factors in the assurance of program validation. We assessed tele-MOUD acceptability and perceptions of effectiveness and stigma in one detention center. Overall, we found that jail staff's general acceptability of the program was rather low, as was perceived effectiveness of MOUD, while stigmatizing beliefs were present. Furthermore, tele-MOUD acceptability was positively correlated with perceptions of MOUD effectiveness and negatively correlated with stigmatizing notions of MOUD (p's < 0.001). Findings suggest the need for educational interventions. Future research investigating the potential moderating effects of training on staff acceptability of jail-based tele-MOUD will support the implementation and sustainability of these life-saving programs.

General and dermatological population's use and acceptance of digital health in Germany – a representative survey

General and dermatological population's use and acceptance of digital health in Germany – a representative survey

Empowered but afraid: do Saudi women have the capability to freely decide their university majors?

This study used a capability approach to investigate Saudi women’s empowerment experiences and their capabilities in decision-making regarding choosing their university majors. Further, the study explored what capabilities women required to make decisions regarding their majors at university. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with 26 women, comprising graduates, students, and faculty members. Results revealed that new legislation and regulations in Saudi Arabia have positively influenced sociocultural transformation. However, in small cities and nonurban settings, women may struggle to reject traditional social norms despite their empowerment. The findings indicate that encouraging students’ voluntary work and their membership in groups and organisations, as well as ensuring diverse hiring practices are in place in rural areas and small cities, could support a more general acceptance of women’s empowerment.

Practicing Interoceptive Sensitivity as a Couple: A Mixed-Methods Acceptance Analysis of a Dyadic vs. Single Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Training interoceptive sensitivity (IS) might be a first step in effectively promoting intuitive eating (IE). A dyadic interoception-based pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to increase IE among couples aged 50+. The training consisted of three exercises, a Body Scan (BS), a hunger exercise (HU), and a satiety (SA) exercise. This study explored how spouses accepted the (dyadic vs. single) training. In a mixed-methods convergence design, the findings of a survey (n = 68 couples) and focus groups (n = 4) were synthesized. Moderate general acceptance (e.g., regarding feasibility and low burden) and a hierarchical gradient in favor of the BS (e.g., pleasantness and improved sleep quality) emerged. Barriers concerned a perceived lack of the exercises' usefulness and a limited understanding of the training purpose. A wish for regular feedback and exchange with the study stuff and other participants was expressed. Spousal training involvement was experienced as being rather beneficial. Previously harmonized dietary practices and daily routines appeared as constructive pre-conditions for the joint training. This study highlights the potential and implications of training couples in IS. Future interventions should involve a regular exchange and closer guidance by study staff to promote a better understanding of the processes and goals of IS and IE.

Development of Ultrasound-Processed Poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) Sherbet Enriched with Bee Bread Using Response Surface Methodology: Changes in Shelf Life.

This research aimed to investigate the effects of ultrasound treatment on the quality characteristics of optimized functional bee bread-enriched poppy sherbet. Antioxidant activity capacity, antimicrobial activity, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, organic acid and sugar composition, and sensory properties were performed under storage conditions. The present research was the first to express the effect of ultrasound on the bioactive components in a functional poppy sherbet enriched with bread, using the response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. The maximum optimization, radical scavenging activity (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and general acceptability values were determined. When comparing the 0th- and 21st-day samples of bee bread-fortified functional poppy sherbets, it was observed that the TPC was decreased (p < 0.05). It was also noted that there was no significant decrease in the total flavonoids on day 21. In storage, a decrease in anthocyanin content was observed. Among phenolic compounds, gallic acid had the highest content. While citric acid was found in the highest amount of organic acid, sucrose (6.25 g/L) was found in the highest amount of sugar components 0th day, while MIC values against Micrococcus luteus were lower. The data from this study will be important input for future work.

A Pharmacist Clinician Model as part of a collaborative clinical workforce: A philosophical critique

The term ‘clinician’ is not reserved for any healthcare professional group. However, there is a general acceptance that a clinician would have the knowledge, skills and behaviours to enable them to clinically assess and manage a patient autonomously. The expectation, in a modern collaborative healthcare system, is that this work would be completed as a part of a planned and integrated multi-disciplinary care delivery structure, where any given clinician delivers a devolved element of that patient's care. Forthcoming changes to regulation and professional development pathways in the UK will have a profound impact on pharmacist professional identity and practice. From 2026, all new UK pharmacist registrants will have full independent prescribing rights. A paradigm shift is expected to enable the development of a Pharmacist Clinician Model, incorporating pharmaceutical care needs with wider clinical assessment, diagnostic, and clinical management responsibilities. Consideration is given to this model and its implications. Changes to regulation, policy, education, and the governance required to deliver safe and effective pharmacist clinicians are outlined. A philosophical critique on the nature of being a clinician, and the differentiation of pharmacist clinician roles compared to other healthcare professions, is given. A further examination of the projected risks and expected benefits of this transformative practice model are then explored.

German consumers' attitudes toward artificial meat.

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on willingness to try (WTT), regularly eat (WTE), or pay (WTP) for artificial meat, its expected societal challenges and general acceptance as well as its future potential development in Germany. Answers to an online questionnaire by 3,558 potential German adult consumers were evaluated. About 63% of the respondents thought this novel food was promising/acceptable. The vast majority (70%) stated that they would be willing to try it, with the most important drivers being ethics, curiosity and eco-friendliness. Around 57% of the participants said they would be willing to eat artificial meat regularly. Most of the respondents (40%) were willing to pay the same price for artificial as for conventional meat. In terms of its future potential, almost 75% of respondents believed that this new product would become commercialized in more than five years and that it was perceived as a solution that is both more ethical (67%) and more environmentally friendly (58%) than traditional meat. In addition, there were significant impacts of demographic factors on the willingness to engage with artificial meat. For example, high WTT and WTE were found among young male respondents (18-30 years of age), males that rarely consumed meat or had a low income (< €1,500). This also applied to the female respondents, who, however, belonged to higher income classes. Young German consumers with a high level of education or income up to €3,000 as well as consumers who did not eat meat had a high WTP for this novel food. In addition, respondents' positive opinion and acceptance of artificial meat had a positive influence on WTT and WTP. These results are important for the discussion of a paradigm shift in global meat production with respect to sustainability, demand for meat and the adoption of new food products.

Acceptability and Sensory Evaluation of Bottled Spanish-Style Rice Eel with Natural Flavorings

Rice eel’s acceptability as a table food has been tarnished due to its distinct fishy smell. Hence, most Filipinos considered it as the least preferred viand resulting in the least capture for food that hastened its invasiveness. To lessen the impact of rice eel’s presence in rice farms and encourage its utilization, a post-harvest processing technology with emphasis on bottling was conducted. Three falvorings were tested such as pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and guava (Psidium guajava) and were evaluated in terms of appearance, texture, aroma and taste by fifty (50) panelist using a 9-point hedonic scale and determined its general acceptability using the acceptability composite index. Four treatments were prepared following the ingredients and procedure of the Industrial Technology Development Institute – Department of Science and Technology (DOST-ITDI). Sensory evaluation shows that Treatment 1 (control), 2 (pandan) and 4 (guava) were statistically not significant in terms of appearance, texture, aroma and taste while Treatment 3 (lemon grass) is significantly lower among treatments. Based on acceptability composite index, Treatment 2 (pandan) rated as rank 1 followed by the Treatment 1 (control), Treatment 4 (guava) and Treatment 3 (lemon grass). It was noted, that the texture and aroma of bottled Spanish- style rice eel with pandan got the highest acceptable rating among the treatments while appearance and taste had the highest acceptability in Treatment 1 (or control). A separate study on the shelf-life and waste utilization of rice eel is highly recommended.

Development and characterization of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) flower juice from spray dried powder

This study intended to use Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) double petaloid in producing a powder used in formulating a stable, nutritious and antioxidant rich juice. The butterfly pea powder (BPP) was produced through spray drying and it had a recovery of 87.8%. The antioxidant activity of BPP ranged from 52.1 to 61.9% and its anthocyanin content was 24.0 mg/L. The physico-chemical analysis of the BPP obtained a mean pH of 4.86, %TSS value of 29.2% and mean %TA of 0.023%. The proximate composition of BPP was 0.08% moisture content, 0.004% crude fat, 0.003% crude protein, 0.83% crude fiber, 0.58% crude ash and a total of 98.5% carbohydrates. Three formulations were used in the production of Butterfly pea juice (BPJ) with varying BPP content as follows: 0.01 g BPP/ml (BPJT1), 0.02 g BPP/ml (BPJT2) and 0.03 g/ml of water (BPJT3). The constant amounts of calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) and sugar were used for all three formulations. It was observed that BPJT3 is the most preferred formulation. Kramer's test performed at the 5% level of significance showed a significant difference between the BPJ treatments. As for the overall acceptability of the three formulations, BPJT1 and BPJT2 were “liked moderately” while BPJT3 was "liked much". The Kruskal-Wallis test at α=0.05 showed no significant difference between the general acceptability of the formulas with a P-value of 0.099. The antioxidant activity of BPJ ranged from 46.4% to 50.1% and its anthocyanin content was 18.6 mg/L. The physicochemical analysis of butterfly pea juice (BPJ) obtained an average pH of 2.95, a %TSS value of 10.4% and a mean %TA of 0.029%.

Innate and learned components of egg recognition in the ant Camponotus floridanus.

Insect societies discriminate against foreigners to avoid exploitation. In ants, helper workers only accept individuals with the familiar chemical cues of their colony. Similarly, unfamiliar eggs may get rejected at their first appearance in the nest. We investigated egg acceptance mechanisms by introducing different types of foreign eggs into worker groups of the ant Camponotus floridanus. Workers from established colonies familiar with queen-laid eggs always accepted eggs from highly fecund queens, but worker-laid eggs only after exposure for several weeks. Workers naive to eggs only rejected worker-laid eggs once they had prior exposure to eggs laid by highly fecund queens, suggesting that prior exposure to such eggs is necessary for discrimination. The general acceptance of eggs from highly fecund queens, irrespective of previous worker egg exposure, suggests an innate response to the queen pheromone these eggs carry. Workers learned to accept queen-laid eggs from different species, indicating high flexibility in learning egg-recognition cues. In incipient colonies with queen-laid eggs that carry a weak queen pheromone, worker-laid eggs were more likely to get accepted than queen-laid eggs from a different species, suggesting that the similarity of egg-recognition cues between the two types of C. floridanus eggs increases acceptance.

Impact of digital tools in oncology: A global analysis of the adoption of ONCOassist and NCCN Chemotherapy Order Templates (NCCN Templates) in collaboration with OncoAlert.

e13662 Background: The integration of digital technology has significantly transformed clinical practice, especially in oncology. ONCOassist, an application that integrates content from the NCCN Templates offers professionals quick and up-to-date access to information crucial for cancer treatment. Methods: To analyze and determine whether factors such as the Human Development Index (HDI) or Gross National Income (GNI) influence the adoption of the NCCN Templates, an in-application survey was distributed to health professionals who accessed NCCN content. The survey asked two questions: (1) would respondents use a specific NCCN protocol for a current patient (2) if not, the reasons why they did not utilize it. Finally, how the acceptance of the NCCN Templates was related to HDI or GNI and specialty was analyzed. Results: The survey was responded to by 2522 health professionals from 122 countries. The NCCN Templates were widely accepted (80%) across different geographic and economic contexts, indicating their global applicability and trust. Generally, GNI is categorized by high income, upper middle income, lower middle income, and low income, while HDI includes very high, high, medium, and low income. For the lowest levels of GNI and HDI, there were few responses (1% by GNI and 8% by HDI), and for purposes of this abstract, they were combined with the next highest level, lower middle income, and medium HDI. Using GNI, the rates of using the NCCN Templates in countries with high income (72%) were lower than those with upper-middle income (83%) and lower middle/low income (86%). In a similar inverse tendency, based on HDI, the utilization rates of the NCCN Templates were 70%, 83%, and 86% in countries with very-high, high, and medium/low HDI, respectively. When stratified by specialty, the absolute numbers showed that most respondents belonged to the field of the breast (36%), followed by gastrointestinal (28%) and lung cancers (10%). However, when we analyzed percentages, we observed that the decision-making process regarding protocol adoption was consistent among specialties despite the variance in specialist population size. When we analyzed the reasons for not utilizing NCCN Templates, “Other reasons” was the primary response (51%). Among the remaining answers, using specific local protocols was the primary reason (47% of the remaining), followed by the lack of drug availability (18% of the remaining) and reimbursement issues (18% of the remaining). Conclusions: There was a general acceptance of the NCCN Templates among healthcare professionals globally. The willingness to utilize NCCN Templates content was not strongly determined by the HDI or GNI, suggesting a perception of their utility beyond economic barriers. The protocol has the potential to be used in daily clinical practice, improving decision-making.

Enriching white chocolates with native Amazonian blackberries improves its physicochemical properties

White chocolate has seen a promising trend in consumption in recent years; however, the minimal concentrations of its bioactive properties have not brought benefits to human health. This research aimed to improve the nutritional value of white chocolate by adding freeze-dried blackberries at different concentrations of 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 %, and 10 %. The physicochemical properties of the fortified chocolates were studied, observing that the particle size increased significantly (p < 0.05), but rheology and hardness decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, adding freeze-dried blackberries to the white chocolate led to a color change from red to violet and a loss of gloss. Total polyphenol content increased 3.3-fold, while antioxidant activity increased 2.9-fold in WC/B10 %. The results indicate a possible path, opportunities, and limitations for incorporating other fruits in white chocolate, as well as the study of sensory analysis to know consumers' general acceptability of fortified chocolates.