Labor Gender Research Articles

Making Women Count

This article is a longitudinal analysis of the relation between gendered labour divisions and new data processing technologies at the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Following social-constructivist and evolutionary economic approaches, the authors hold that the relation between technology and work organization is a two-way process. This means that technology does not only affect the relations between men and women at work, but that these relations also influence technological choices. The proportional numbers of men and women on the labour market and changing conceptions of which work is deemed appropriate for women have been important factors in the strongly varying extent to which women participated in office work. They have also been important factors in determining the course of technological development. Shortages of women on the labour market have even determined search heuristics for new technological solutions in specific directions.

Exploring Theories of Patriarchy: A Perspective from Contemporary Bangladesh

n 1984 I visited Bangladesh to begin research on female garment workers. The image that remains deeply embedded in my consciousness is the dramatic change that characterized the streets of Dacca since I had left the country only eighteen months earlier. Perhaps most striking were the number of women who now walked along the road, often in groups of six or more, especially after a shift change at the recently opened garment factories that dotted the streets throughout the city. The image of women dressed in cotton saris leaving work in the early evening was in stark contrast to my earlier experience when I was one of only a few, if any, women walking quickly along these same roads. It also was a change from the time when I was the only woman in a government or commercial office, or in some of the smaller fresh produce or fish markets, unchaperoned by either an older or younger male companion. At first I could hardly make sense of this now strange and different place that had been my home for five years. Was I mistaken? Did I remember incorrectly? Did I get caught by the Western image of Bangladesh and Bangladeshi women dominated by purdah (female seclusion), only to confront the everyday lives of young women struggling to make a living? How was I to understand this apparently fantastic change in the course of a mere eighteen months? I have been challenged ever since to make sense of this dramatic reorganization of women's lives. Certain facts were self-evident: a growing number of garment factories were now part of the city, Dacca was an internationally recognized export-processing enclave, and thousands of women

Book Review: Divided Time: Gender, Paid Employment and Domestic Labour

Book Review: Divided Time: Gender, Paid Employment and Domestic Labour

Unemployment and Mental Disorders - An Empirical Analysis

The purpose of this paper is also to analyze the importance of unemployment and other social factors as risk factors for impaired mental health. It departs from previous studies in that we make use of information about first admissions to a psychiatric hospital or ward as our measure of mental illness. The database for our analyses has been constructed by merging two large Danish longitudinal data sets. The first is a panel of approximately 240.000 individuals which corresponds to 5 per cent of the Danish population aged 16-74, and contains detailed year-by-year information about the individuals' labour market behaviour, incomes, individual characteristics and so on from a fifteen-year period, 1976-91. The other panel is the Central Psychiatric Case register which contains all cases of psychic illness and their diagnoses (a little over 300.000 individuals and a little over one million cases) as registered in all Danish psychiatric hospitals and wards since 1969. The number of people found in both panels is a little over 15.000. We carry out analyses at two levels of the data. Firstly, we examine the determinants of first admission rates using aggregate time series data constructed from the Psychiatric case register. Secondly, we estimate conditional logistic regression models for case-control data on first admissions to a psychiatric hospital. The explanatory variables in the empirical analysis include age, gender, education, marital status, income, wealth, and unemployment (and length thereof) and other labour market statuses during the years preceding the first admission. This allows us to study whether unemployment as a risk factor differs between age groups, men and women, and single and married persons, and whether education and earnings have a moderating effect on the unemployment-mental illness relationship.

Buddhism and Popular Ritual in Mongolian Religion: A Reexamination of the Fire Cult

Previous articleNext article No AccessBuddhism and Popular Ritual in Mongolian Religion: A Reexamination of the Fire CultChristopher P. AtwoodChristopher P. Atwood Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by History of Religions Volume 36, Number 2Nov., 1996 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/463455 Views: 25Total views on this site Citations: 10Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1996 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:NIMROD BARANOVITCH The Ethnic Ecocritical Animal: Animal protagonists and ethnic environmentalism in contemporary Sino-Mongolian literature and art, Modern Asian Studies 55, no.33 (Aug 2020): 1015–1063.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X20000062Chaitawat Boonjubun, Anne Haila, Jani Vuolteenaho Religious Land as Commons: Buddhist Temples, Monastic Landlordism, and the Urban Poor in Thailand, American Journal of Economics and Sociology 80, no.22 (Jun 2021): 585–636.https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12382Melissa Chakars Buddhism and the Siberian Buryat Chronicles: Stories of Origin, Rivalry, and Negotiation in the Russian Empire, History of Religions 60, no.22 (Dec 2020): 81–102.https://doi.org/10.1086/710574Renatas Berniūnas, Vilius Dranseika, Delgermend Tserendamba Between Karma and Buddha: Prosocial Behavior among Mongolians in an Anonymous Economic Game, The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 30, no.22 (Dec 2019): 142–160.https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2019.1696497Benedikte V. Lindskog Managing Uncertainty, Beckoning Security: Ritual Offerings to a Local Ovoo in Mongolia, Ethnos 7 (Dec 2019): 1–19.https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2019.1699143Brian Baumann Animal Signs: Theriomorphic Intercession Between Heaven and Imperial Mongolian History, (Nov 2019): 391–419.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24363-0_13Ariell Ahearn Winters without women: social change, split households and gendered labour in rural Mongolia, Gender, Place & Culture 25, no.33 (Mar 2018): 399–415.https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2018.1443910Isabelle Bianquis Bibliographie, (Jan 2013): 217–224.https://doi.org/10.4000/books.pufr.31642Johan Elverskog Two Buddhisms in Contemporary Mongolia, Contemporary Buddhism 7, no.11 (May 2006): 29–46.https://doi.org/10.1080/14639940600877937Robert Adlam, Lorne Holyoak Shamanism in the postmodern world, Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 34, no.3-43-4 (Feb 2017): 517–568.https://doi.org/10.1177/000842980503400313

Gender and International Labor Standards in the World Economy

This paper examines the debate on labor standards between neoclassicals and institutionalists from a feminist perspective and elaborates on some key elements of a feminist approach to labor standards. It argues that both neoclassical and institutionalists share a gender-based definition of labor. Rejecting the notion that upward harmonization can be achieved by reliance on deregulated markets or labor standard regulation alone, the feminist perspective calls for new approaches to policy and politics.

Government's Role in the under Representation of Latinas in Public Employment

The under representation of Latinas (Hispanic women) in management positions in local government may be determined more by the failure of elected officials to rationally and equitably apply equal employment policies to Latinas than to demographic, availability, or educational factors. This research explores entrenched patterns of under representation between Latinas and their non-Hispanic female counterparts through an analysis of triangulated data and trends from these sources relative to the representation of Latinas in management (decision-making) positions in the largest county government work force in the nation. Employment patterns for Latinas in management positions show that 25 years after Los Angeles County enacted comprehensive affirmative action and equal employment policies, across both gender and ethnic or racial lines, Latinas remain the most underrepresented of any protected group in management. The few theories and hypotheses accounting for historic ethnic and gender labor force under representation in public employment fail to clarify and account for these patterns of sustained underutilization. Government's failure to exercise its power and accept responsibility for these results appears as the most obvious and consistent contributor to employment discrimination of Latinas. County government officials must carefully weigh the ramifications of various legal options available to Latina employees.

A Markov Process Model For Worklife Expectancies Of Smokers And Nonsmokers

Abstract No abstract available.

LABOR RECRUITMENT AND THE LURE OF THE CAPITAL:

This case study of Central American migration to Washington, DC closely examines how gender is related to the decision to migrate, as well as the choice of destination. The study investigates the social and economic conditions in sending Central American countries as well as those in a receiving city in the United States to determine why women predominate in certain labor migrations. A macrostructural analysis accounts for the conditions that delimit the flow of international migrants, but a concept termed gendered labor recruitment provides the link between macro- and microlevels of analysis. Results of the research indicate that approximately seventy percent of the initial Central American migrants to the nation's capital in the 1960s and 1970s were women and that their migration may be attributed partly to informal labor recruitment. Over the years, Washington's government, diplomatic and professional workforce “recruited,” made arrangements for, or returned to the nation's capital with foreign workers who could provide basic services, primarily as domestics and child-care providers.

Stategic Differences: Gendered Labor in Southern Appalachia

L'A. reexamine la notion de cultures professionnelles feminines en considerant l'interaction entre les hommes et les femmes actif, la maniere dont les relations homme-femme sont definies et les metaphores utilisees par les ouvrieres pour exprimer leur conscience de classe. La recherche a ete realisee dans une region rurale du sud des Appalaches, aupres d'ouvriers de l'industrie extractive de Moth Hill. Elle a pris en compte les aspects historiques de la segregation sexuelle locale, de l'industrie du mica ainsi que de la caracteristique paternaliste de la firme. L'A. s'attarde notamment sur la conception differenciee selon les sexes de travailler « close home ».

Gender segregation and labour supply: on ‘choosing’ gender‐atypical jobs

Abstract Recently it has been argued that women's choices play a significant role in the structure of job segregation. Drawing on a case study of women scientists and engineers, this paper focuses on the preferences and plans of women who entered gender‐atypical jobs in the technical professions. The evidence suggests that the women had to face considerable hostility in their choice of jobs from non‐specialist teachers and careers advisors. However, they withstood opposition with the support of specialist teachers in single‐sex schools and their parents. The findings imply that while women's attitudes to education, training and careers should not be neglected in the study of gender segregation, the social context in which they evolve should be emphasised in a sociological analysis of the labour market.

Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals

Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals

Inalienable Rights: A Defense.

1. INTRODUCTION Is There Any Gender-Egalitarian Society on Earth? The Lahu People Fieldwork Sites Project Development and Methods The Structure of the Book Part I: MYTHOLOGY AND IDEOLOGY 2. EVERYTHING COMES IN PAIRS: A DYADIC WORLDVIEW Both One and Two: Pairs as Dyads Twin-Dyads in Origin Myths Blending Femininity and Masculinity in Gendered Ideals The Preeminence of Dyads Conclusion 3. HUSBAND-WIFE DYADS IN THE LIFE CYCLE Wedding as the Rite of Passage to Adulthood The Joint Journey of Married Couples in Life The Reunion of Accomplished Couples in Afterlife Marginalizing Lone Souls Conclusion Part II: Joint Gender Roles 4.HUSBAND AND WIFE DO IT TOGETHER: UNIFYING GENDER IN LABOR Procreation Ideologies Pregnancy and Childbirth Child Rearing Work Hard to Eat Conclusion 5. MALE-FEMALE CO-HEADS: UNIFYING GENDER IN LEADERSHIP Male-Female Masters of the Dyadic Leadership in Village and Village Cluster Conclusion Part III: Structure and anti-Structure 6. UNIFYING GENDER IN KINSHIP AND INTERHOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION Dyadic Ego in Kinship Terminology Household Co-heads and Inter-household Interactions Conclusion 7. THE DISFUNCTION AND COLLAPSE OF GENDER DYADS: DIVORCE, ELOPEPMENT, AND LOVE-PACT SUICIDE Major Threats to Husband-Wife Dyads The Collapse of Marriages Conclusion 8. CONCLUSION: RETHINKING GENDER EQUALITY Gender Equality as Social Reality The Cultural Particularity of Gender Equality The Diversity of Gender Equality REFERENCES CITED

Muyuw Kinship and the Metamorphosis of Gender Labour

What are the limits of an exchange perspective in examining social facts? Certain Muyuw facts correspond to a recent synthesis of Melanesian kinship, yet indigenous notions of exchange are not exhausted by that synthesis. A more complete examination of exchange reveals a complex set of ideas whose principles interrelate persons and things and combination and separation. These ideas describe the logic of production in the society. With this logic the internal relationships in the kinship terminology and in kinship rituals are revealed. The articlejuxtaposes an exchange with a production perspective, and distinguishes between exchange and circulation. Circulation, the essence of the kinship system, consists of the perpetual metamorphisis of gender identities into other identities.