Gender Preference Research Articles

Boundary management preferences from a gender and cross-cultural perspective

Although work is increasingly globalized and mediated by technology, little research has accumulated on the role of culture in shaping individuals' preferences regarding the segmentation or integration of their work and family roles. This study examines the relationships between gender egalitarianism (the extent a culture has a fluid understanding of gender roles and promotes gender equality), gender, and boundary management preferences across 27 countries/territories. Based on a sample of 9362 employees, we found that the pattern of the relationship between gender egalitarianism and boundary management depends on the direction of segmentation preferences. Individuals from more gender egalitarian societies reported lower preferences to segment family-from-work (i.e., protect the work role from the family role); however, gender egalitarianism was not directly associated with preferences to segment work-from-family. Moreover, gender was associated with both boundary management directions such that women preferred to segment family-from-work and work-from-family more so than did men. As theorized, we found gender egalitarianism moderated the relationship between gender and segmentation preferences such that women's desire to protect family from work was stronger in lower (vs. higher) gender egalitarianism cultures. Contrary to expectations, women reported a greater preference to protect work from family than men regardless of gender egalitarianism. Implications for boundary management theory and the cross-national work-family literature are discussed.

Influence of Sex Preference on Demand for a Child in Bangladesh

If son preference were to affect the demand for additional children then, within any parity, those with one or more sons would be more likely not to want more children as compared to those who did not have any sons. Conversely, if the desire for a balance sex composition was to affect fertility within a given parity, respondent who had either all sons or all daughters would be more likely to want additional children as compared to those who had children of both sexes. Data from BDHS 2017 clearly indicates a significant evidence of son preference in Bangladesh. The findings indicate that whenever gender preferences would be eliminated, the percentage of respondents who did not want more children would be increased approximately by 10 percent. Finally, we conclude that further reduction of fertility to achieve replacement level is unlikely without considerable reduction in the desire of male children or sex preferences. International Journal of Statistical Sciences, Vol. 23(2), November, 2023, pp 117-127

Trajectories of Peer Play Disconnection and Predictive Factors in Early Childhood

Objectives: This study examined the longitudinal development trajectories of peer play disconnection in early childhood and investigated individual and environmental influencing factors.Methods: Data from 1,018 young children of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) from the 5th to 7th waves were used. Latent Growth Curve Modeling was applied using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 to analyze the trajectories of play disconnection and predictive factors.Results: Peer play disconnection increased linearly during early childhood, with significant individual differences in the intercept and slope. Gender, sociality, language development, teacher interaction, and institute preference were factors that reduced the initial value of play disconnection in peer play. Higher reported negative emotionality and marital conflicts were associated with higher initial values of play disconnection. The rate of change in play disconnection was influenced by negative emotionality, activity, language development, teacher interaction, institute preference, and the media use of games and smartphones.Conclusion: Play disconnection in peer play tends to increase continuously, with temperament and language development, media use, and institutional factors influencing this increase. Negative emotionality and activity are associated with a significant increase in play disconnection, while language development and institutional factors may be noted as protective factors affecting the continuous increase in play disconnection. In addition, the increase in the use of screen games and smartphones has been shown to contribute to a rapid increase in play disconnection during early childhood. A theoretical and practical discussion is provided on preventing increased play disconnection in peer play.

Analisis Perilaku Konsumsi terhadap Kartu Kredit PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) TBK Wilayah Sumba Barat

This study aims to analyze consumption behavior towards the use of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) credit cards. This research uses a quantitative approach by collecting data through an online survey to BRI credit card holders. The sample of this study consisted of 32 respondents who were randomly selected. The variables analyzed include factors that influence credit card consumption behavior, such as income, perceptions of credit cards, shopping habits, gender, age, occupation and credit card usage preferences. The purpose of this research is to see how influential the lifestyle and environment in West Sumba Regency which can be said to be still developing, this research uses a descriptive qualitative approach.

Parental gender preferences over three centuries: Evidence from Argentina

In this paper I examine the evolution of parental gender preferences in Argentina (i.e., parents who prefer a certain gender composition in their children). To do this, I use census microdata that spans the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. The estimation strategy exploits the plausibly random assignment in the gender of children. The results show a persistent preference for a mixed gender composition (i.e., having at least one boy and one girl) instead of children of the same gender. This translates into an increase in the probability of having a third child, conditional on already having two children of between 9%−23% for those couples who have children of the same gender -in relation to couples with children of opposite genders-. These preferences are heterogeneous over time and have important implications in terms of fertility (i.e., the reduction of these mixed gender preferences -in favor of greater gender-neutrality- could contribute to reducing the number of children per couple). In addition, the findings of this work support the empirical literature that uses the gender composition of the first two children as an instrumental variable to study the impact of fertility on labor participation.

Toward sustainable development goals in gender inequality: an analysis of gender preferences among urban pregnant women in a Southeast Asian country

BackgroundGender-biased discrimination and preferences are global phenomena, particularly son preferences. However, updated evidence about this issue in Vietnam has not yet been provided. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the gender preferences among pregnant women and identify associated factors of such preferences.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in two hospitals in Vietnam with 732 pregnant women. Gender preferences for their child were asked, along with socio-demographic (e.g., education, occupation) and pregnancy characteristics (e.g., pressure to have a son, gender of first child, the importance to have a son of family members, and information sources on pregnancy care) by using face-to-face interviews and a structured questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with gender preferences.ResultsAbout 51.9% of the participants had no gender preference, while, among those who had a gender preference, 26.5% preferred sons, and 21.6% preferred daughters. Only 6.2% had pressure to have a son. Having the first child who was female (OR = 4.16, 95%CI = 1.54–11.25), having the pressure to have a son (OR = 6.77, 95%CI = 2.06–22.26), and higher self-perceived importance to have a son (OR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.85–5.02) were positively associated with son preference. Otherwise, women having partners with high school education or above (OR = 2.04, 95%CI = 1.06–3.91), living with parents-in-law (OR = 2.33; 95%CI = 1.25–4.34), the higher number of pregnancies, and a higher degree of importance in having a son regarding parents-in-law (OR = 2.15, 95%CI = 1.38–3.35) associated with higher odds of preferring daughter.ConclusionThis study showed that gender preference was common among pregnant women, but the pressure to have a son was low. Further education programs and legal institutions should be implemented to improve gender inequality and gender preference in society.

Sex and Sexual Orientation, Gender and Sexual Preference

On what we can call the “folk” conception of sexual orientation, sexual orientation is understood as sex-based attraction, that is, as (partly) attraction on the basis of the perceived sex of the person to whom one is attracted. However, in recent discussions, philosophers have either added gender to sex as the basis of sexual orientation, or have altogether replaced sex with gender. Moreover, this addition or replacement has gone – mostly – unargued for. This paper argues that a sex-based conception of sexual orientation remains plausible because (1) it is compatible with gender-based attraction, which I argue can be understood as a preference; (2) the reasons so far on offer for adding gender to sex (or for replacing sex with gender) are not convincing; (3) we have good evolutionary and non-evolutionary reasons for thinking that sex is the basis of sexual orientation; (4) we have good reasons to not add gender as a basis of sexual orientation; and (5) a sex-based conception of sexual orientation accommodates the various sexual orientations that have recently appeared, orientations in addition to the folk two (or three) of heterosexuality, homosexuality (and bisexuality), such as pansexuality, skoliosexuality, gynsexuality, and androsexuality. What emerges is a conception of sexual orientation based on the sex of the people to whom we are attracted, but that understands sexual-based attraction in broad enough terms to include surgically altered bodies.

Marketing of Muntok White Pepper as a Certified Geographical Indication Product (Legal, Economic and Business Perspective)

Abundant and diverse natural resources are an extraordinary gift for the Indonesian people. From the perspective of intellectual property rights, the product in question can be legally protected as a geographical indication, such as pepper in the Bangka Belitung Islands under the name Muntok White Pepper. One of the purposes of using a product as a geographical indication is for the price of the product to be high, or at least stable, and controlled by the manufacturer. In fact, this was not the case with Muntok White Pepper. This research was conducted empirically with an economic and business approach, aiming to study the marketing of Muntok White Pepper after being certified or registered as a geographical indication. Based on the results of the research, there are obligations that must be carried out by applicants as rights holders after a product is registered as a geographical indication, namely maintaining a reputation so that the product remains of high value. It's just that, the marketing that has been done so far has not been enough to control prices. Based on marketing management science, it can be done using several marketing strategies that are commonly used in marketing management. One strategy that can be used is market segmentation, namely dividing the market into smaller groups based on the same characteristics, such as age, gender, or product preference.

Assessment of manual dexterity using the grooved pegboard test in secondary school students aged 11–12 years

Background and Study Aim. Understanding and addressing potential variations in hand dexterity among children is essential for educational strategies and interventions aimed at enhancing fine motor skills development in this age group. The study's objective was to assess hand dexterity levels among 11-12 years old secondary school students, considering variables such as gender, grade, and hand preference. Material and Methods. Ninety-three students (41 females and 52 males) in grades 5 and 6 of the secondary school. The Grooved Pegboard Test (Lafayette Model 32025) was used as a data collection tool to determine the students' performance in hand dexterity (fine motor skills). The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to test for differences between gender, grade, and hand preference in the mean GPT scores. Results. Results showed that both female and male 6th graders had better GPT performance in both dominant and non-dominant hands than 5th graders. On the other hand, there were no significant grade differences in GPT performance between dominant and non-dominant hands (p>0.05). There was no difference in GPT performance between 5th and 6th grade (p>0.05). There were no statistical differences between females and males in GPT performance in either the dominant or non-dominant hand (p>0.05). Conclusions. Results highlight the importance of considering age-related changes in fine motor skills when developing educational strategies and interventions for children in the 11-12 year age group. Further research may be needed to explore the underlying factors contributing to these variations in hand dexterity.

Гендерный дискурс в конфессиональном пространстве современной Кабардино-Балкарии (на материале социологического исследования)

The article is based on the materials of a sociological survey conducted in April-May 2023 among the youth of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic “Gender preferences of young people in the spiritual sphere in the Kabardi-no-Balkarian Republic”. The results of the survey demonstrated the increasing interest in Islam on the part of the region’s new generation. Thus, more than 50 % of young men and women assign a key role to Shariah in regulating social relations and ensuring the protection of people’s rights. The remainder consider the laws of the state to be their priority. A small part of the respondents gave their preference to adats and these are, as a rule, residents of rural areas. Precedence of the religious component over the national component in marriage is shown. The revealed degree of prevalence of demonstrative models of Islamic behavior gave grounds to assert that the majority of interviewed men and women welcome the wearing of Muslim Islamic clothing. It is concluded that there is a growing consolidation of Muslims aged 18 to 30 years. It has already become obvious today that it is a real social force that may eventually become dominant in the region.

Assessing health insurance literacy in Switzerland: first results from a measurement tool.

Health insurance literacy (HIL) is crucial for individuals to make informed-decisions and navigate complex choice-based health insurance systems. However, there is a lack of evidence on HIL in countries outside the US, with Switzerland no exception. Using the HILM-CH, a survey instrument developed to measure HIL in Switzerland, this study first describes the answers to the HILM-CH. Second, the study uses ordinary least squares and quantile regressions to investigate the associations between the HIL score and demographic, socioeconomic, health, and preference factors in the German, French, and Italian Swiss regions. A third of the population faces difficulties in finding health insurance information. Understanding it and managing the financial aspects of the Swiss health insurance system pose the biggest barriers to the population. The HIL score significantly and positively correlates with age and financial risk, while non-Swiss individuals have lower HIL scores. No association was found between HIL, gender, education and time preference. There is a small health gradient, with more doctor visits associated with higher HIL in the lowest quantiles of the HIL score. Similarly, wealthier individuals in the Swiss German part of Switzerland have a higher HIL when choosing their health insurance. This study provides important insights into Swiss HIL and its associated factors. These findings contribute to the international literature on HIL and highlight the importance of understanding variations in HIL and various factors in choice-based health insurance systems.

잠재프로파일분석을 적용한 고등학생의 물리 교과 선호 유형 분류에 대한 영향 요인 고찰

Objectives This study aimes o designate evidence for the effective learning strategy at the beginning of the high school credit system in 2025.
 Methods The effect factors were checked that were related to the classified group membership of the physics subject preference with 22, 407 of 2nd grades Korean high school students in 2022. The responses of the physics part among the Korean college major interest inventory(KCMII)were used for the study, and latent profile analysis was applied for classifying groups.
 Results By the results, the 2-group solution was the most proper way for data. Three factors, which are the prefer-ence for physics activities, physics-related jobs, and gender, were supposed to effect factors to membership. The analysis results showed that activity- preference, and gender were statistically significant without job preference.
 Conclusions Through the results, we proposed the necessity that gender and activities should be considered when developing of effective learning strategies such as the variable and capable teaching methods.

Service Quality Preferences Among Customers at Islamic Banks in South Africa

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the service quality preferences of Muslim customers considering demographic factors, specifically gender preferences. Theoretical framework: This study is guided by the dimensions in the SERVQUAL model including an additional dimension related to ‘compliance’ from the Carter Model. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the preferences of customers concerning service quality at Islamic banks in South Africa. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The findings from the study show that ‘convenient operating times’, ‘providing prompt service to customers’, ‘having records that are accurate and without errors’, ‘staff keep to promises when timeframes are given regarding services to be complete’, ‘keeping customer information confidential’ ‘staff having the best interest of customers in mind’ and finally ‘the Islamic bank does not take interest on loans given’ are the most important items for both males and females regarding the various dimensions of service quality. The reported results also show no significant difference when it comes to service quality preferences between males and females. Research, Practical & Social implications: The results of this study have several practical implications. Firstly, Islamic banks can increase their market share by tailoring the quality of their service offerings to align with customer preferences. Secondly, Islamic banks should include as part of their advertising campaigns, the specific service quality offering most appealing to customers. Lastly, initiatives towards improving service quality should not be directed to a specific gender, rather initiatives must be inclusive of all customers, as the results of this study found no difference in service quality preferences regarding gender. Originality/Value: This is the first study to consider the role of gender concerning service quality preferences by customers of Islamic banks in South Africa.

Patient Preferences and Perceptions of Provider Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Orthopaedic surgery in the U.S. historically has been among the least demographically diverse specialties in medicine. Currently, limited data exist on how patients perceive diversity within the field and what patients look for when choosing an orthopaedic surgeon. The purpose of this study was to identify specific patient preferences for surgeon demographics and understand patient perceptions of racial and gender diversity in orthopaedic surgery. Nonconsecutive patients from orthopaedic clinics affiliated with a U.S. academic health system voluntarily completed a 39-item questionnaire that surveyed basic demographic information, perception of diversity, racial and gender preferences during surgeon selection, and perception of health-care inequalities. Bivariate analyses were used to test the association between patient-surgeon demographic variables and ratings of diversity. Multiple regression models were used to identify independent predictors of overall perceived diversity ratings. A total of 349 patients (80.6% White, 17.9% Black, and 1.5% other) were analyzed. Black patients were more likely to experience difficulty relating to their surgeon than White patients (11.48% versus 2.29%; odds ratio [OR], 5.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55 to 21.1; p = 0.004). Moreover, Black patients were more likely to perceive racial bias from their surgeon than White patients (5.17% versus 0.37%; OR, 14.44; 95% CI, 1.14 to 766.29; p = 0.02). While the level of racial diversity perceived by White patients (2.57 of 10) was significantly higher than that perceived by Black patients (2.10 of 10) (p = 0.001), the absolute difference between these 2 figures was small, suggesting that both groups perceived racial diversity in orthopaedics to be low. White and Black patients differed in their importance ranking of a surgeon's race (p < 0.0001): Black patients ranked a surgeon's race with higher importance (mean, 3.49 of 10) when selecting a surgeon compared with White patients (1.45 of 10). Both male and female patients gave relatively low importance rankings for a surgeon's gender (mean, 1.58 of 10 and 2.15 of 10, respectively, p = 0.02). Patients in this study did not perceive orthopaedic surgery as a diverse field (overall diversity rating, <3 of 10). There were significant racial and gender differences in patients' preferences for specific physician characteristics when choosing an orthopaedic surgeon, which may help explain some instances of perceived racial bias and difficulty relating to their orthopaedic surgeon.

Gender Preferences for Children and Gender Relations in Contemporary China

This study aims to investigate and compare the determinants of gender preference for children in rural and urban China under the values of children to parents (VOC) approach by focusing on the effects of attitudes to elder care and gender roles, and the attainment of insurance programs. Using pooled cross-sectional data from 2013 and 2015 of the Chinese General Social Surveys, we found that rural individuals expecting children responsible for old-age support exhibit daughter preference, followed by balance preference, whereas their urban counterparts show similar son preference and daughter preference. In addition, balance preference is associated with traditional gender role attitudes among rural individuals but correlated with more equal gender attitudes among urbanites. Furthermore, having more economic security decreases rural individuals’ preferences for having more daughters. The findings suggest that the prevalent balance preference and the rising preference for daughters have quite different implications on the gender relationship between rural and urban China, and traditionalism still drives gender preference in rural China. Policy implications are also discussed.

Clear and Spindle Cell Dedifferentiation in Ameloblastic Carcinoma: A Case Report on a UncommonPhenomenon.

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm with characteristic histopathological features that are directed towards an aggressive surgical approach than benign odontogenic lesions. It affects people of all ages, mostly in the posterior mandible, without a preference for race or gender. De novo cancer is one of its primary types, while the secondtype is defined as a malignant change from an antecedent case ofbenign ameloblastoma. The rapid progression of molecular biology ledto the revelation that ameloblastoma contains a BRAF-V600E genetic mutation over 60%. Besides conventional ameloblastic carcinomas, rare histologic variants have also been described in the literature, including clear and spindle cells. These variants pose diagnostic challenges as to whether it is a dedifferentiation or a distinct entity. The dearth of data lends credence to the notion that these histologic variations are related tohigh-grade neoplasms and more aggressive outcomes. As a result, the current report intends to analyzea series of patients diagnosed with conventional ameloblastic carcinoma of the head and neck region with spindle and clear cell types along with a brief assessment of the literature.

Gender Role Attitudes Influence Vocal Masculine Preferences Among Gay Men in China.

Gender role attitudes refer to attitudes toward the appropriate roles, rights, and responsibilities of men and women in society. Evidence indicates that individuals with traditional gender role attitudes tend to prefer mates with sex-typical opposite-sex characteristics in heterosexual men and women. This study examined whether gender role attitudes were associated with vocal masculinity preference in gay men in China. Five hundred and sixty-seven participants aged between 16 and 49 years completed the vocal masculinity preference (voice pitch and vocal tract length; VTLs) and gender role attitudes scale. The results indicated that gay men generally preferred masculine voices (lower voice pitch and longer VTLs) and gender role attitudes were positively correlated with preferences for masculine cues in the voices of men. While individuals indicating an affinity with traditional gender roles exhibited stronger preferences for feminine voices, which were inconsistent with the present hypotheses. The results help us understand the role of traditional gender beliefs in the mate preferences of gay men in China. Furthermore, based on the results, understanding one's gender-role attitudes can help cultivate more diversified criteria for mate selection and facilitate gay men in better choosing suitable mates. Future longitudinal studies should examine the relationship between gender role attitudes and masculine preference changes over time. Whether this relationship differs in the different sexual roles of gay men should also be explored.

The Impact of Mother’s Gender Preference on Children’s Cognitive Ability in Indonesia

A simple theoretical model predicts that when a mother gives birth to a child of her preferred sex, parents will likely invest more resources in that child, leading to more significant human capital. This bias can result in unequal treatment and opportunities, affecting a child’s long-term development. This study investigates how gender preference influences cognitive ability between sons and daughters in Indonesia. This study utilizes longitudinal data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 1 and 5, analyzed using the Ordinary Least Square method. The results indicate that daughters whose mothers had a son preference had 0.259 points higher cognitive scores. This finding is attributed to the sample distribution, revealing that daughters of mothers who prefer sons were mainly those without male siblings, allowing them to receive equal input from their parents without competing with boys. The heterogeneity analysis further revealed that daughters from disadvantaged backgrounds, such as those living in rural areas and born to less educated mothers, are disproportionately affected by son preference. In conclusion, it appears that children’s family background and sibling composition can significantly impact the disparity in cognitive achievement between sons and daughters.

THE EFFECT OF GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES ON THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN AND CHILD GENDER PREFERENCE

Fertility is a biological phenomenon for reproduction, yet it is influenced by cultural and social values. Therefore, to examine health problems related to high fertility in a society, it is necessary to determine the fertility-related behaviors and attitudes of that society. This research was conducted to determine the effect of gender roles attitude on the number of children and child gender preference. The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 101 women who were born and had spent most of their life in Şanlıurfa, who were married and had not yet reached menopause were included in the study. The data were collected by face-to-face interview method through the Data Collection Form and the Gender Roles Attitude Scale. In the study, in terms of gender roles, 8.9% of women had a traditionalist and 91.1% of them had an egalitarian attitude. Also, it was determined that socio-cultural factors such as education, working status, family type and ethnicity affect women's attitudes towards gender role, while gender roles attitudes have an effect on the number of children and gender preferences. According to the research findings, women with traditionalist gender role attitudes had higher number of children and preference for male children.

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF SCHOOL TEACHERS OF KAPADWANJ TALUKA TOWARDS ORAL HEALTH- A QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY

Objective:Schools and teachers are the vital source of guidance pertaining oral health in students. Oral health education given in early life has lifelong effect on person. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and attitude of primary and middle school teachersconcerning oral health of Kapadwanj Taluka. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted ongovernment schoolteachers ofKapadwanj taluka, Gujarat. Data of responses to 11 close ended, self-structured questionnaire assessing knowledge, awareness and attitude towards oral health was collected and entered in computer software. The frequency and percentage of data for all three sections were evaluated. Results: Total 148 primary and middle school teachers were enrolled in study without gender preference.98.6% teachers had good awareness,63.5% of them were with average knowledge while only 46.6% had favorable attitude.Distribution in gender showed almost equal knowledge and awareness in male and female teachers with comparatively more favorable attitude in male teachers. Among primary and middle school teachers, primary teachers showed better knowledge and awareness. Conclusion:Most of the teachers showed satisfactory knowledge in some aspects of oral health, although improvements can be implemented by regular teacher training, such as oral health seminars and material activities. These fundamental measures empower and supports teachers to effectively convey oral health education to students and scociety.