Gender Conflict Research Articles

Reconsidering gender norms in childcare within Chinese migrant families in Portugal.

Historically, Chinese societies have been characterized by patriarchal structures (Confucianism and filial piety) that assign distinct roles to men and women within the family unit. These norms typically dictate that women take on the primary responsibility for childcare and household duties, while men are expected to be the primary breadwinners. As the authors observe the second generation of Chinese immigrants settling in Portugal, the immigrants grapple with the significant challenge of striving to preserve cultural heritage with the adaptation to Western norms. Therefore, there is a growing recognition of the need to reassess these traditional gender norms. Women in these families are increasingly participating in the workforce, challenging the notion that childcare should be solely to their domain. This study focuses on the experiences of Chinese immigrants, including both married couples and single individuals residing in Portugal. Through qualitative research methods such as interviews (involving 25 participants) and observations, the research aims to gain a nuanced understanding of the attitude and engagement toward childcare, and the ways it differs between men and women in these immigrant families. Participants' responses indicate that men's anticipation of women dedicating more time to childcare is notably influenced by educational attainment and financial circumstances. Conversely, women generally believe that being exempt from labor is not a viable alternative irrespective of their educational qualifications. The traditional distribution of caregiving duties does not consistently apply to Chinese female immigrants. By exploring the influence of traditional Confucian culture on migrants' perspectives and challenges in assuming parental responsibilities, this study highlights gender disparities among Chinese immigrants and propose solutions to address this gender conflict on division.

Misogyny and Gender Conflicts in South Korea

As a nation renowned for its economic miracles and technological advancements, South Korea officially, the Republic of Korea is simultaneously grappling with deeply rooted gender conflicts that reflect a broader societal struggle. Despite its rapid modernization, South Korea remains deeply influenced by Confucian traditions that have historically dictated rigid gender roles, resulting in the ongoing patriarchy and systemic marginalization of women in many aspects of their lives. These entrenched norms have given rise to pervasive misogyny, a significant social issue that continues to shape gender relations and provoke conflicts in contemporary Korean society. The seemingly veneer of modernity belies the persistent influence of traditional Confucian and patriarchal values that continue to profoundly shape gender relations and power structures within the country. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of South Korea's gender landscape, illuminating the connection between its modern strides and the enduring influence of its cultural heritage. By exploring this dichotomy, it seeks to inform policymaking, social discourse, and grassroots efforts to foster a more equitable and inclusive future for all Koreans, irrespective of gender.

Marginalised Gender Conflict: The Hurdles Encountered by Novice Women Researchers in African Higher Education

Marginalised Gender Conflict: The Hurdles Encountered by Novice Women Researchers in African Higher Education

Violence and Gender Conflicts in Ian McEwan’s novel The Comfort of Strangers

This essay examines the themes of violence and gender conflicts in Ian McEwan's The Comfort of Strangers, emphasising how conventional gender roles and power dynamics add to the unnerving atmosphere of the novel. The novel, which takes place in an unfamiliar and enigmatic city, centres on two couples: Robert and Caroline and Colin and Mary, whose interactions highlight the damaging effects of patriarchal norms. Robert, a character in the novel who represents the dehumanising impacts of inflexible gender standards by his cruel actions towards Caroline, serves as a critique of toxic masculinity. The novel's depictions of psychological and physical violence highlight the risks associated with relationships in which power is unequally divided. How McEwan depicts victimisation and complicity in love relationships provides a disturbing critique of the social institutions that support and condone gender-based violence. In the end, the essay makes the case that the novel is a potent indictment of how patriarchal beliefs influence and frequently twist interpersonal relationships.

A Qualitative Study on Perception of Gender Conflicts: Focusing on Young Adults in Their Twenties

A Qualitative Study on Perception of Gender Conflicts: Focusing on Young Adults in Their Twenties

“Gender wars” and populist politics in South Korea

The 2022 South Korean presidential election campaign saw populist politicians, especially conservative parties, leverage gender conflicts and misogyny to attract young male swing voters. But there has been limited scholarly attention to the connection between gender and populist politics, particularly in South Korea, with research primarily focused on women's voting patterns, their political party representation, and on populist politics in the US, Europe, and Latin America. Existing research identifies that common strategies employed by populist politicians include anti-feminist discourses, reference to crises in masculinity, and appeals to emotion and affect. This paper examines how South Korean populist politics has utilized gender conflicts since democratization, considering the evolution of ‘gender wars’ in the South Korean context. It specifically delves into the strategies employed by conservative populist politicians from the People Power Party (PPP) during the 2022 election campaigns. These strategies, although similar to those of right-wing populists in Europe and the US, emphasized three key issues unique to South Korea: compulsory military service, low fertility rates, and the dismantling of the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family. This South Korean case contributes significantly to academic discussions about populist politics and gender, contextualized within the local political, social, and cultural context.

The effectiveness of a brief video-based intervention in reducing gender bias in Korea.

Gender bias deepens gender disparities by fueling gender conflicts. Thus, effective interventions for gender bias are necessary. Understanding gender discrimination experienced by another gender, both emotionally and logically, may contribute to reducing gender bias in Korean society. Hence, we conducted an online experiment using Video Interventions for Diversity in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (VIDS) to examine the effectiveness of shortened VIDS intervention through perspective taking in reducing gender bias. A sample of Korean adults aged 19-39 (n = 160, 61.8% women, 38.2% men) were recruited. In the treatment group, male participants watched VIDS videos that portrayed a woman getting gender prejudiced and female participants watched VIDS videos showing a man receiving gender biased treatment in the society. The videos presented to treatment group consisted of one narrative and one expert video from VIDS, which stimulate emotional and logical understanding of the another gender, respectively. Participants in the control group watched a control video that was irrelevant to gender bias. All participants then answered gender bias questionnaire, as well as cultural orientation questionnaire. Cultural orientation as a covariance, ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) revealed participants in the treatment group showed significantly lower gender bias than the control group. Within the treatment group, a moderation analysis showed that logical thinking moderated the relationship between emotional immersion and decreased gender bias, meaning stimulated logical thinking from watching the videos affected how engaging emotionally to the another gender's situation lowers gender bias. Our findings suggest that VIDS, a video-based gender bias intervention tool, can still be effective when edited briefly. Furthermore, one's perspective-taking strategy can be considered when trying to decrease gender bias through videos that promote perspective-taking. The findings highlight the possibility of utilizing short video intervention that enhances perspective taking on decreasing gender bias.

A Study on the Correlation Between Chinese Youth's Use of Internet Social Media and the Formation of Polarization Bias Cognition: Taking Contradictory Gender Bias as an Example

The phenomenon of group polarization caused by modern online social media is becoming increasingly severe, such as gender conflicts, increased intergenerational misunderstandings, extreme fixed cognition leading to online violence, etc. This work takes the phenomenon of contradictory gender bias as an example, discusses and designs experimental ideas to explore the correlation and impact of social media usage frequency on the phenomenon of contradictory gender bias, Through a questionnaire survey, 188 men and women aged 18-40 were surveyed on their social media usage habits and the degree of conflicting gender biases. Quantitative analysis and testing were conducted to determine the correlation between the frequency of social media usage and the degree of gender biases. The conclusion was drawn that internet social media filters fixed audience groups through big data, forming a fixed atmosphere of group public opinion. The characteristics of social media groups lead to group polarization, and obvious opposition leads to conflicts, Conflict also intensifies and forms solidified extreme radical biases and perceptions among groups. This study analyzes the common issues of group bias cognition and conflict opposition in internet social media from the perspective of social psychology, providing a comprehensive thinking model and experimental direction.

Dialogues of Discord: Examining Gendered Conflict Talk among Adolescents in Television Drama

Dialogues of Discord: Examining Gendered Conflict Talk among Adolescents in Television Drama

Cancelling “Effeminate” Men: Discursive Constructions of the Masculinity in Mainstream Media Coverage in China

In response to the trend of Chinese men becoming more “effeminate”, the Chinese government has successively introduced relevant policies to promote masculinity, accompanied by extensive media coverage. Against this background, the study takes the mainstream news media’s portrayal of masculinity as the research object, attempting to deconstruct the discourse concerning masculinity in China. The study draws on coverage of masculinity in mainstream media as data, utilizing the method of critical discourse analysis. It is found that the discourse structure surrounding masculinity in China’s mainstream media mainly concentrates on three aspects. First is the diversification of Chinese masculinity, reflecting the influence of neoliberalism on males, and a call for an understanding of diversified masculinity. Secondly, masculinity in China is also constructed on the discourse of gender conflict, primarily based on the gender binary and the ideology of maintaining traditional gender roles. Lastly, there is a tendency towards politicization of masculinity in China, where it is utilized in the service of national security and strength. By examining how and what kinds of discourses of “masculinity” are constructed, this research can contribute to the studies of masculinity in China, and further explain the issue of societal acceptance of effeminate men.

Gender conflict resolution in Nigerian and African American standup performances

Stand-up comedy, a prominent facet of live theatrical entertainment, occupies a unique position in the entertainment industry, embodying a key element of popular culture. This comedic form reflects the sociological dynamics of both historical and contemporary societies, influencing and engaging both local and international audiences. Beyond providing psycho-physical therapy for performers, stand-up comedy plays a pivotal role in shaping societal perceptions. This article focuses on a gender-focused analysis of stand-up comedy, exploring its implications for domestic growth, marriage unity, and love. Utilizing three digital recordings featuring stand-up comedians, namely Bright Okpocha (Basket Mouth), Ayo Makun (AY), and Eddie Murphy, the study examines their unique approaches to addressing gender-based violence and resolving conflicts. The selection criteria were based on the comedians' distinct counseling methods and perspectives on gender-related issues. Drawing on Richard Schechner's performance theory, the analysis employs both performance and content analyses to elucidate the spectrum of gender conflicts and resolutions presented by the comedians. The findings underscore the importance of mutual understanding and communication in resolving gender conflicts. The article also delves into the influence of parental roles in household management and the pursuit of material wealth. Emphasizing the significant role of counseling modes, the study concludes that stand-up comedy, with its oratory counseling mode and therapeutic elements, serves as an effective means of addressing gender conflicts, contributing to mutual understanding and successful resolutions within society.

Gender Mainstreaming in Indonesia’s Bilateral International Development Cooperation

Gender mainstreaming is an important subject to be mindful of in the Indonesian government’s development cooperation with bilateral development partners. Gender conflict is one of the obstacles that countries face when executing national and international development programs. Indonesia is one of the countries that uses a gender mainstreaming technique to incorporate gender problems into development initiatives. The establishment of a gender mainstreaming strategy (PUG) is vital in developing policies, particularly in carrying out bilateral development cooperation. This is significant for Indonesia as an endeavor to decrease inequality in the country, but Indonesia’s weak PUG is one of the country’s impediments to fulfilling national interests. One of the strategies undertaken by Indonesia to integrate gender mainstreaming into international development is through the Triangular South-South Cooperation Forum in order to form a strategic partnership with Afghanistan and Germany. Afghanistan is seen as a potential bilateral partner with aligned interests in promoting women’s empowerment and gender equality. Given that it is not only Indonesia that has national interests, the second-party countries must also have interests and conditions that are not always mutually agreed upon and might be detrimental to Indonesia. Therefore, the dynamics of bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Afghanistan are interesting to identify, considering that GIZ, as the German representative, is present as a mediator bridging the partnership. Thus, this study aims to explain the strategy for gender mainstreaming in Indonesia’s international development cooperation with bilateral partners, which is also equipped with an analysis of the constraints that affect the outcome of the cooperation.

“The denigration of Korean men’s genitals”

Abstract This paper presents a critical discourse analysis of metapragmatic commentary in online news surrounding the emergence of a new offensive gesture in South Korea. This new offensive hand shape is a “precision grip” gesture whereby the thumb and index finger are pursed together to represent small size. In May 2021, male-dominated online communities started to take offence at the prevalence of this gesture in advertising campaigns, viewing it as a misandrist emblem mocking them for the size of their genitals. Conservative media sources ratified their stance of “taking offence”, which they treated as part of an ongoing “gender conflict”. Although this view drew opposition from progressive sources, I argue that male communities backed by the conservative media were able to utilise the stance of taking offence to redirect gender politics and further their misogynistic agendas. The results advance our understanding of “taking offence” as a social action in populist, multimodal and post-digital discourses.

Intertwined gender inequality in Desy Anwar’s "Growing Pains"

Rooted within structures of patriarchy and modern life, gender equality seems still far from achieved. Providing social issues like gender inequality, literary works become reliable proof to portray subordination or discrimination against women. Thus, this study aspires to strive for women empowerment and re-educating men expectantly to tackle the problems of gender inequality. Desy Anwar’s Growing Pains is interlaced with gender issues in five chapters. This research aims to unveil a range of gender conflicts and the efforts of the female main characters to overcome the hardships in life. Descriptive criticism is employed as a method of analysis. Following Lazar’s Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (2014), the linguistic data in the form of lexical choices, phrases, and clauses are first identified based on the language features indicating gender inequality or violence. Eckert and McConnell-Ginet’s language theory (2013) is applied in unraveling the details of linguistic evidence. Then, interpreting the discursive logic is correlated with the cultural realm of the novel Hence, the findings yield that all the selected lexicons, phrases, and clauses of the novel construct the meanings of gender issues. Socio-cultural experiences represent forms of gender-based violence such as asymmetrical family systems, misogynistic practices, gender-identity threatening, deviant female promiscuity, and cruel motherhood portrayal. The symbolic and psychological impacts are also identified, referring to post-patriarchal regimes. Although there seems to be effortful survival in masculine domination, both internal and external factors are in support of constructed gender inequalities. Eventually, all the female characters are demonstrated as the vulnerably subordinated subjects of neoliberal hegemony. This research fervently aims to recall the awareness of symbolic gender violence due to ongoing powers that halt the emergence of gender equality and reshape it into hegemonic strategies.Keywords: hegemony, inequality, misogyny, patriarchy, symbolic violence

Corporate Crisis Fueled by Gender Conflict and Attribution in Online Communities : Focusing on Comment Analysis Using the Biterm Topic Model

Corporate Crisis Fueled by Gender Conflict and Attribution in Online Communities : Focusing on Comment Analysis Using the Biterm Topic Model

Between rhetoric and reality: reclaiming the space for locally led peacebuilding that responds to conflict dynamics in violent and hateful extremism programming

ABSTRACT This article sits within the wider discourse on the interplay of conflict, weak governance, corruption, socio-economic and political marginalisation, and human rights abuses by state and non-state actors that drive violent and hateful extremism (VHE). Drawing on preventing/countering violent extremism (P/CVE) and peacebuilding literature, evidence from International Alert’s programming, and practitioner experiences in Lebanon, Northeast Nigeria, Mali and the Sahel, Somalia, Syria and Tunisia, the article explores the limitations of interventions that do not address structural and gendered conflict drivers on which hate and violence feed. Lessons highlight that community-based approaches addressing the root causes of violence and building collective, protective factors to violence have proven effective, and that communities and local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) play a key role in prevention, while also bearing the brunt of working in volatile and ungoverned spaces. The article concludes that taking a community-based peacebuilding approach focusing on addressing contextual conflict drivers, including gendered drivers, lays the ground for more sustainable, long-term outcomes that build resilience to diverse forms of violence, including VHE.

Gender, conflict and the environment: Surfacing connections in international humanitarian law

AbstractBoth gender and the environment have traditionally been positioned at the periphery of international humanitarian law (IHL). In recent decades, there has been important progress in moving both concerns closer to its centre; to date, however, an understanding of the intersection of gender and the environment in the legal regulation of armed conflict remains largely underdeveloped. Nevertheless, as the present article documents, there are important similarities in strategies pursued to advance both gender and the environment from the periphery to the mainstream of IHL, namely: first, a focus on sources of IHL, in particular concretizing arguably limited specific treaty content with interpretive guidance and implementation frameworks; second, a conceptual critique of prevailing definitions of “harm” in IHL; and third, advancing, through close empirical documentation and household-level analysis of conflict's effects, understandings of harm that capture so-called “second-round” effects of conflict. Recognizing these important affinities between gender and environment work in IHL, this article draws on these insights to propose a typology of gendered environmental harm in conflict. The article concludes with proposals for enhancing the legal and operational capture under IHL of the gender–conflict–environment nexus.

Application of 3P Theory in Analysis of Gender Conflict-Intergender and Intragender Conflict

The research paper deals with Intergender and Intragender conflict. These terms newly coined in this paper, a great contribution to modern Sociology. All forms of gender conflicts divided into two; First is conflict between two or more Identical genders, known as Intragender conflict and second is conflict between two opposite genders known as Intergender conflict. These conflicts analyzed with P-Factors (P1, P2, P3) of 3P Theory. The research paper also resolves various forms of conflict between the members of a family i.e intimate partners, siblings, parent and children etc. The rising issues of LGBTQ relations are analyzed in the context of 3P Theory. Different Gender conflict surveys conducted and data analyzed in scientific way. The theory is not only applicable to resolve gender based conflicts but also interpersonal and inter-communal/intergroup conflicts. The theory helps in framing policy to curb various types of conflict and discriminations in society. The theory also helps in curbing various forms of discrimination, such as colour, sex, caste, creed, religion and race prevalent in world.

Application of 3P Theory in Analysis of Gender Conflict-Intergender and Intragender Conflict

This research paper deals with very important and challenging issue in the world, the intergender gender conflict. All forms of intergender conflict thoroughly analyzed with P factors of 3P Theory. The issue of intimate partner violence has been studied with case analysis and survey reports. The study specially focused on woman victimization in domestic violence perpetrated by intimate partner or husband. The intergender relationship explained through symbols. The unique symbols representing male, female and other gender introduced in the study that represent conflict relation between two opposite gender. This paper also examines conflict between persons belong to same gender group i.e. Intragender conflict; an important and challenging issue in the world that has not been taken as serious in social pathological research. All types of Intragender conflict in micro level or family level thoroughly discussed. The P factors of 3P Theory in the context of all forms of gender conflict analysed with P Factor case studies and survey reports. In this paper conflicts between father and son; mother and daughter; mother-in-law and daughter-in-law; father-in-law and son-in-law is being examined. In addition to the same sex intimate partner conflict such as, gay couple, lesbian couple and third-gender couple also is thoroughly examined.

Symbolic effects of representative bureaucracy in policing: An experimental replication in a Korean context

AbstractThis study experimentally examines the effect of gender representation of a police organization responsible for handling domestic violence, and how this impacts Korean citizens' views toward the police. Findings show that male participants gave the highest ratings of legitimacy and fairness when the organization is equally represented by men and women, while gave low ratings of legitimacy and efficacy to the organization where women are over‐represented. This implies that achieving gender balance in job assignments helps ensure the effectiveness of representative bureaucracy. On the other hand, female participants rated organization with equal representation positively only when they also demonstrated a high level of active representation for female victims. Given heightened gender conflict within Korean policing, female citizens might try to maintain objectivity about female officers.