Concept Of Gender Research Articles

Why do Chinese overseas doctoral graduates return to China? The push‐pull factors and the influence of gender and gender norms

AbstractAlthough attention has been paid to return migration internationally, research studies on why Chinese overseas doctoral graduates return to China are few. A study that considers gendered motivations has yet to be found. Using a qualitative study with 31 Chinese overseas doctoral graduate returnees, this study examines factors influencing graduates' reasons for returning to China and how these relate to Chinese gender and gender role‐related cultural norms. Using the push‐pull theory and the concepts of gender (as an individual characteristic) and gender norms, the study shows that the reasons for return were gendered, with females motivated by family and emotional factors and males by economic and career benefits. The study identifies inequalities derived from traditional gender roles and cultural norms that persist in China. This has implications for state policy, higher education institutions and future research.

“Constructed Women”

Simone de Beauvoir (1908 - 1986), as the pioneer and founder of feminist literary criticism, her feminist thoughts and Literary theory have had a profound impact on the development of women's movement and feminist literary theory around the world. Beauvoir is “one of the most important women of the 20th century.” His book The Second Sex covers the cultural content of philosophy, history, literature, biology, ancient myths and customs, and discusses the actual women’s situation, status and rights in the historical evolution from Primitive society to modern society. In the book, linguistic theories and methods are applied to define and differentiate gender concepts, and a detailed study is conducted on the shaping and influence of daily life, religion, and taboo language on women’s psychology and consciousness. Exploring the relationship between gender and culture is an important dimension that reflects a conscious awareness of language and culture. Beauvoir’s language research has provided important theoretical inspiration for the development of feminism, especially postmodern feminist criticism, and has a transitional significance that connects the past and the future. This article takes The Second Sex as the research text and conducts a feminist analysis of Beauvoir’s linguistic theory from three aspects: The first part elaborates on feminism by analyzing Beauvoir’s application of linguistic methods and research on multiple linguistic issues, criticizing the traditional patriarchal cultural tradition. The second part compares Woolf’s feminist language views and introduces the different focuses of language research between the two. The third part elaborates on the impact of Beauvoir’s language research on feminist criticism and postmodern feminism.

The Territorial Planning Process of the Fez-Meknes Region from a Gender Perspective: An Exploratory Study

Since 2015, Morocco has become aware of the imperative to integrate the gender dimension into the territorial planning process. In this context, the region, as a key actor in territorial management, is called upon to take into account the gender approach during the elaboration of its Regional Development Programme (RDP) as a planning tool in accordance with Law 111-14 concerning regions in Morocco. This article aims to understand how the gender approach is integrated by stakeholders in the process of drawing up the RDP by analysing the specific interests and needs of women and men. Analysis of the various phases of the RDP elaboration process from a gender perspective, including preparation, diagnosis, strategic vision, action planning, budgeting, and finally, the implementation and monitoring-evaluation phase, led us to adopt a qualitative methodology. This approach was implemented through the mobilization of a single case study focusing on the RDP of the Fes-Meknes region for the period 2016-2021. Consequently, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a sample of 15 key informants directly involved in the elaboration of the RDP at its different stages. The results indicate that little account is taken of the specific needs of women at all stages of the process, from preparation to implementation and monitoring-evaluation. This is due to several factors, including the scarcity of sex-disaggregated data at the regional level, the ambiguity of the new legal text on the concept of gender and its integration into the RDP, the ineffectiveness of organizational mechanisms related to gender issues, the lack of knowledge and tools for gender-sensitive planning, as well as the weakness of the 'gender culture' among members of the regional council (RC).

Gender and Expertise in the Mixed Economy of Mental Welfare in Greece

The late 1970s and the 1980s were a time of political and social change in Greece, following the collapse of the seven-year military dictatorship, as well as a time of rupture in mental healthcare: new approaches were being developed, including those implemented by the Society of Social Psychiatry and Mental Health, a voluntary, nonprofit scientific association, founded in 1981 (officially in 1986). This article places the initiatives undertaken by the society within the international context of postwar mental healthcare, and within the national postdictatorship framework. It uses the analytical concept of the “mixed economy of welfare”, demonstrating that the society’s work was based on the synergy between the private and the public. Furthermore, the article discusses how concepts of gender were embedded in and shaped by the work of the society in the 1980s, arguing that the society reproduced the traditional gender hierarchies of the mental health field while reworking the hierarchies within its personnel – psychiatrists and other professionals, experts and nonexperts, and, by extension, to some degree at least, men and women mental healthcare providers.

Exploring Gender Constructs: Colombian and Mexican Biology Teachers’ Perspectives

AbstractThe traditional relationship that has been constructed between gender and biological sex has been characterised by a mimetic perception between the two concepts, in which gender seems to reflect sex, or at least to be limited by it. This issue has given rise to reflections, questions and criticisms that try to identify how it is expressed in different social contexts, such as schools. In this sense, this research explores the views of secondary school biology teachers on the concepts of sex and gender. To this end, an exploratory qualitative study was carried out. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Colombian and Mexican teachers and interpreted using discourse analysis. It is concluded that there is a weak differentiation between the concepts of sex and gender, a perception of neutrality of school biology with regard to identity construction, and a deterministic perspective of biology with regard to gender.

Linking education and practice gaps for inclusive architecture in the AEC industry

PurposeThis study explores the opportunities for a gender-inclusive architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, focussing on the gap between architectural education and practice. This study focusses on three research questions: (1) What factors influence women architects' career retention and advancement in the AEC industry? How can practice outcomes be linked with educational approaches for gender inclusion in the AEC industry? (3) What critical factors can enable structural changes in architecture education, including AEC-related subjects and practice/career pathways towards gender equity?Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a systematic literature review (SLR). The established timeframe for selecting papers in this study considered the last 20 years, as various seminal studies in feminism and gender inclusion in architecture emerged in the early 2000s through the definition of keywords used in two prestigious databases. The academic articles selected were filtered through a process of inclusion and exclusion, following criteria for suitability and relevance using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) diagram.FindingsThis study revealed key trends in the literature review consistent with the research questions, including (1) the disproportionate struggles women face at individual, interpersonal and organisational levels and the gender-based bias from entry and progression in the AEC industry that also requires multi-level interventions; (2) traditional architecture education affects female students and educators who find networking, social capital and leadership opportunities to challenge gender-based stereotypes and promote workplace equity, and finally, (3) observe enablers for fostering equity in architecture and education, which should not be limited to policy-driven interventions but structural transformations through transparency, mentorship, leadership, awareness raising and empowerment of women and men, promoting inclusivity and gender equity in the AEC industry.Research limitations/implicationsThis study considers a global understanding of gender equity in the AEC industry, regional and country-specific analysis needs to be considered in future studies. The study's focus is on women’s inclusion, acknowledging the limitations of conventional binary gender concepts; future studies need to include the experiences of LGBTI + communities and other underrepresented groups. The literature review considers only academic articles; future research should also consider industry reports, government initiatives and organisational documents for a broader understanding of diversity efforts in business.Originality/valueThis paper observes the issues for gender-inclusive architecture within the context of a male-dominant AEC industry through linking architectural education and practice. Studies rarely focus on this link and address workplace issues. This study highlights this link and extends the discussion through the critical literature review, providing a new ground for geographic-specific or intersectional studies.

Recognition and inequalities in older adults' sexuality in Chile.

This paper explores older adults' perceptions on sexuality and affectivity in Chile, according to class and sex. The study is based on computer-assisted telephonic interviews with people aged 60 and over, men and women (n = 481). Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regressions. Maintaining an active sex life is important for older adults of both sexes, contradicting the commonsense view according to which the relevance allocated to sex decreases significantly with age. However, the data show significant differences in perceptions by sex, suggesting that gendered conceptions regarding sexuality are influential along the entire life cycle. There are also relevant differences according to class, revealing the inequalities present in the expression of sexuality in Chile.

Gender Deconstruction in Ursula K. Le Guin’s The Left Hand of Darkness

This article explores Ursula K. Le Guin’s science fiction, The Left Hand of Darkness, which has had a significant impact on current gender discourse by challenging traditional binary conceptions of gender. Set in the fictional world of Gethen, inhabited by Gethenians with ambisexual traits, Le Guin questions the rigidity of gender categories and considers alternative understandings of gender. This study applies feminist and queer theories to analyse how gender is fluid and shaped by society, challenging widespread heteronormative concepts. More specifically, Judith Butler’s concept of Gender Performativity has been taken as the theoretical framework of this study. The research aims to answer two main questions: How does the novel’s narrative challenge traditional views on gender roles, and what broader cultural implications does this uncover? The findings mainly focus on how any person like Genly starts to think beyond his fixed and rigid heteronormative concepts of gender identity and what leads to his realisation of the necessity of embracing diverse gender identities in human society to ensure harmony and equality. This is significant because Genly’s journey through the novel highlights today’s critical issue: securing the rights and acceptance of individuals marginalised and stigmatised for not conforming to traditional gender norms. Overall, the study aims to advance our understanding of gender dynamics beyond the binary through the transformative power of literary and theoretical discussions.

Kafka’s Drawings and the Social History of Art

This article discusses several of Franz Kafka’s recently published drawings in the estate of Max Brod from the materialist perspective of the social art history of art, reflecting on their ideological possibilities and effective limits. It relates the form and iconography of these drawings to long-standing traditions of political representation and social critique in art history and visual culture, in particular the nineteenth-century image of the barricade and the culture of satirical caricature that flourished in Central Europe at the fin-de-siècle. It situates them within the framework or field of avant-garde practice in Prague, in which Brod was an important figure. It sees in them largely private evidence of Kafka’s interests and ambitions as a largely auto-didactic, idiosyncratic amateur visual artist—a body of work that excited Brod, but failed to resonate in Prague’s modernist artistic culture. While distinguishing these drawings quantitatively, qualitatively, and functionally from the work of contemporaneous professional modern artists, the article nonetheless concludes that Kafka’s drawings can be fruitfully studied as visual expressions of Kafka’s complex class and ethnic background, ideological sympathies and political diffidence, and all-too-hegemonic conception of sex, gender, and artistic creativity.

The role of gender in the prevalence of eating disorders

IntroductionEating disorders have a key paper at the ongoing society. A key symptom of the Anorexia Nervosa and the Bulimia Nervosa is the alteration of the corporal image which observes that it continues being present after remitting the most flowery symptomatology. In terms of gender, we can observe that the esting disorders have a higher incidence in the feminine gender.ObjectivesResearch how body image affects eating disorders and how the role of gender is a risk factor for developing Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using PubMed. Twelve studies were identified in order to do this review.ResultsAt the twelve surveys included at the review we can observe that the incidence of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa is higher in women than men. There are many facts that take part on the development of eating disorders, but there is consensus to understand them with a biopsicosocial point of view (interaction between the environment and biological facts). Body image disturbance takes part in both men and women, but it affects them in different ways.Conclusions Body image disturbances are a crucial factor when considering eating disorders’ symptomatology. One of the main components that affects its alteration is the internalization of standards of beauty. Women tend to focus on thin body types, meanwhile men’s attention tends to point to muscular and defined body types. Nevertheless, it must be taken into account that today’s gender conception may appear as one of the most important roles to understand Anorexia and Bulimia aetiology. Regarding gender, in nowadays society exists a dichotomy where masculinity and femininity lie in total opposites poles; but if the gender approach socially changed, Anorexia and Bulimia might take a different portrayal.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Persepsi motivasi mahasiswa dalam minat investasi green sukuk berdasarkan gender

Research was conducted to investigate the motivational perspectives of scholars regarding investing in Green Sukuk based on gender concepts. This concept provides meaning for scholar investment decision-making in carrying out investment strategies. Qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach were employed in this research. The findings revealed that both male and female scholars are motivated to invest in Green Sukuk. These motivations align with the values of environmental preservation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the potential for high returns, safe investments guaranteed by the government, and the fact that this investment can avoid usury. Green Sukuk is also perceived as a means to invest surplus funds. Males are more inclined in Green Sukuk due to environmental concerns, while females are attracted by the investment security it offers. This can be explained by the findings that males tend to have higher environmental awareness compared to females, whereas females are more inclined to avoid investments with high risks. Hence, females are more cautious in their investment choices. However, when examining investment decision-making, there are no differences between males and females except in terms of income.

The Concept of Gender and Representation of Women in Advertisements

The concept of marketing is explained as the activity of creating, pricing, distributing and promoting products, services and ideas to enable businesses to achieve their goals. One of the most important tools of promotion within these activities is advertising. Female figures, defined as an indispensable element of advertising, appear as both the initiators and the influencers of the change activity. Feminist advertising, also known as femvertising, which has been frequently encountered in recent years, is one of the advertising activities that place the female figure in the subject position. Feminist advertising is accepted as an example of advertising that emphasizes the power of women in advertising in modern societies and the departure from the traditional male-female role distribution. The concept of gender, which is determined based on the general acceptance of society, determines the place of women in commercial films and shapes women. In the study, the commercial films that won awards in the Mixx Award competition in 2022 under the title of gender equality were examined with semiotic analysis. The first of the commercials is the commercial of the Mor Çatı association, which includes Psychological and Economic Violence Against Women. It has been determined that there are many embedded messages in the commercials of the relevant association. In the other commercial analyzed, titled A Daughter Changes, the World Changes, the message that girls' education is at the request of their father, that is, a man, draws attention.

Gender and Shaping the Human Self: An Islamic Educational Study

The aim of the research is to elucidate the concept of gender, its historical and ideological evolution in its practical application, its relationship with human nature, its impact on shaping individual and collective behavior, and the role of educational institutions, especially the family institution and media, in addressing the consequences of gender thinking. The research used a descriptive methodology to describe the concept in its historical context and to clarify the various perspectives on the concept and its impact on human nature. The research concluded with several important findings, including: The concept of gender has undergone historical evolution and practical application, which varies depending on the perspective of those who adopt and promote it to serve their ideologies and visions. It negatively affects the formation of human identity, diverting it from its intended purpose, and educational institutions, especially families, play a significant role in protecting their children from gender-based thinking. The research recommended further studies on the role of families in this regard.

Bentuk Profeminisme dalam Novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam Karya Dian Purnomo

The form of feminism raised by popular novels with the aim of describing how pro-feminism occurs is the background to this research. The data source for this research uses the novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam by Dian Purnomo and the data used is the form of pro-feminism that occurs in the novel as well as the form of feminism experienced by the main character. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method which is analyzed using content analysis techniques for the novel. The results of this analysis produced eight forms of pro-feminism data, the first form of pro-feminism from the character Dangu Toda was found in two data on pages 20 and 79. Second, the form of pro-feminism in Teman Magi was found in one data on page 119. The three, forms of pro-feminism in Tara were found in one data on page 105 Finally, the form of pro-feminism from the LSM, Gema Perempuan, found four data on pages 106, 122, 131, and 152. The form of feminism that occurs in this main character has four forms of gender concepts, namely gender and stereotypes, gender and marginalization, gender and subordination, and gender and violence. Keywords: feminism, novels, profeminism

Feminist Therapy Approach as an Effort to Prevent Child Marriage at the Family Learning Center (PUSPAGA) Bantul Regency

Child marriage remains a challenging issue in Indonesia to this day. Childhood should be a critical period for physical, emotional and social growth before they enter adulthood. To prevent the occurrence of these cases, especially child marriage, various institutions in Indonesia provide counseling facilities or become a place to consult about family problems. One of these institutions is the Family Learning Center (PUSPAGA) which is under the auspices of the Office of Women's Empowerment, Child Protection and Family Planning (DP3AKB).This study aims to analyze the use of feminist therapy as an effort to prevent child marriage in the community of Bantul Regency, which has experienced a fairly high increase every year. This research method is qualitative with data collection through interviews. The results and discussion of this research are analyzed by the researcher and presented as follows:1. Based on the understanding of the concept of gender by the counselor, Gender is considered as a social formation that regulates the roles and interactions between men and women through the socialization process, establishing roles, rights, obligations, and responsibilities in the context of production and reproduction. 2. Feminist Therapy in Child Marriage Prevention, Counselors who have a gender orientation and use a counseling approach create feminist counseling, an approach that emphasizes the importance of equality and efforts to achieve it.

Religion in Shaping Gender Inequality

The uncial form of distribution in any explanatory part of differentiation that relies on gender inequality is also surfaced by embedded variation of religious perspectives. The rest of the cultural and historical relationship often subordinated the gender concept that created inequalities in the analysis of various forms with majority of inhabitant affiliated to religious identity. The rafter to study the respective religious and cultural historical relationship in, admitting how complex the issue is for any religion, embedding with gender inequality and the violence towards women or irrespective of any criminal mind, that creates a different effect on cultural Legacy. Thereafter, the geographic location also influences the form of social and economic direction towards the politics to bring-forth the outcome of any interpretative religious institution that shows the complex benefit that gender inequality have towards polity and how negative impact towards economy social and democratic progress throughout universe. Thereafter, this paper processes to understand the influence of any institutional rules and values and norms that reciprocate gender inequality and violence or violation of Human Rights on perspective of religious confluence, and influence towards the social organisation to diversify the selected assumption of gender inequality. This paper treats the significance of religious concept of recent changes into the status of women, through various data with analytical process of observing religious structure and how it determined the empirical method of research work to indicate both positive and negative aspect of the decreased or enhanced status of women that created by religious identity. Primarily with the ceremonies and positions during the disposition of patriarchal society that are triggered and created revolutions and rebels among the communities of various possibility of relationship with theism, or sex ratio, or differences into the female literacy rate, or thereafter women being enrolled into various higher education, or how the parliamentary form of decision-making process came into the action where women started including their perception on casting votes. Thus, the paper correlates the analysis and observes the conservative and the subjective assertion of any correlation with the empirical data and traditional influence over economic development. Those results showing the status of women into the various gender unequal situation with the sex ratio or rather correlated understanding of how the productive analysis towards gross domestic product, and national income if socio-economic factor is taken in account. This paper will further include certain key realm on how the religious impact often get stronger in connection with various economic-religious nexus of analytical process that perform the economic growth of any tension model. The neighbouring countries also get through spillovers, that creates the inequality more stronger regarding the boundaries that are being made with responsibilities of creating a modern society. The reference is then review of literature included the various traditional forms of understanding the theories of Inglehart and Norris, Klingorová, Verveer and others to conclude the mentioned assumption and understanding of the matters in concern through qualitative analysis.

Instilling gender equality values as a formulation for preventing bullying behavior

Indonesia currently holds the 5th position globally in reported bullying cases, showing a prevalence rate of 41.10%. The pervasive nature of bullying within the education sector affects nearly every school in the country. This service activity is designed to tackle this issue head-on by highlighting the crucial role of gender awareness values in preventing bullying. The strategy involves a comprehensive approach, incorporating socialization sessions and focus group discussions, primarily targeting high school students. The intervention commences with informative sessions covering essential aspects like gender concepts, bullying education, and the interconnectedness of gender equality and bullying behavior. Subsequently, interactive discussions are facilitated through focus group discussions. The resulting positive outcomes indicate an enhanced understanding among students regarding gender-related learning and its pivotal role in preventing bullying. The service output includes actionable solutions, such as advocating for education on gender awareness, eliminating the culture of silence, strengthening gender-based school programs, encouraging cross-sector collaboration, and establishing an effective digital complaint platform to address bullying more efficiently.

“It is Not Even My Body”: Trans Persons Experiencing Body Borders

The body is at the forefront of the relationship between space and sexuality, and its materiality is the basis on which social and individual conceptions of sex and gender are constructed. In this paper, we use the notion of body borders to approach the way trans persons experience heteronormativity in their bodies. Defined as those elements placed on body physicality that produce social distinctions and reorganize people's social conditions, body borders are important in the processes of sex differentiation and gender oppression that negatively affect trans persons’ processes of identification/disidentification. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 10 of 43 trans persons from a wider study, who expressed their gender identities at different levels of intensity, we differentiate between four important body borders: man/woman, puberty, inside/outside and liminal zone. The findings reveal that body borders rely to a great extent on the gaze of others and are problematic for trans persons, especially at the beginning of their transition processes, or when their bodies are perceived as more androgynous. Although the experience of body borders is oppressive and causes conflicts to trans persons, they do not impede them from opening up possibilities for new models of transgender identities which defy non-heteronormative ideals and subvert the current gender regulation, which supports these borders.

Dislodging the hegemony of the white epistemological frame

In South African public discourse, the concept of gender appears to be cognate with the category of woman. Given the presence of masculinity studies in South Africa, the normative view of gender does include both men and women, but in the South African public discourse, gender is still largely cognate with woman. Accordingly, I am interested in this conceptual disconnect between gender and men, specifically within the Black community. Although this disconnect is attributed to the distribution of opportunities and the prevalence of gender-based violence, both said to largely disadvantage women, I contend that this disconnect is possible because of liberalism’s concealment of anti-Black racism, producing epistemic blindness. In other words, the juridical incorporation of Black people into liberalism not only masked the reality of their ontological domination, it imposed a narrow epistemic trajectory over the concept of ‘gender’. As such, while anti-Black racism is considered non-hegemonic, the gender struggle assumed the fundamental contradiction of the liberal democratic order. However, the gendering of Black people in the 1994 dispensation has a differential impact between Black men and Black women, enabling the latter to capitalise on the concealment of anti-Black racism while the former are crippled by the colonial legacy of Blackness.

Understanding auditory gaydar experiences of lesbian women and gay men

ABSTRACT Voice-based categorisation of others’ sexual orientations, known as auditory gaydar judgments, can represent stressful and stigmatising events for targets. This mixed-methods study examined sense-making about others’ auditory gaydar judgements. Sixty-seven lesbian women and 77 gay men described negative episodes in which they thought that their sexual orientation was inferred from their voices. Those reporting such experiences also rated their emotional distress and their engagement with coping strategies. Those reporting no experiences explained why they might have had none. We analysed whether participants’ judgements represented stigmatising experiences and how gender conformity perceptions shaped individuals’ sense-making. Gay men reported experiencing auditory gaydar more often, rated such experiences as more emotionally distressing, and reported engaging more with coping strategies than lesbian women did. Gay men described both being stigmatised by others’ gaydar judgements and their own attempts to sound straight. Gaydar experiences of gay men were occasioned by deviations from gender conformity. Lesbians’ experiences were sometimes interpreted through emic subcultural gender concepts. In line with the minority stress model, auditory gaydar judgements should be considered as stressors contributing to individuals’ wellbeing, at least for gay men.