Gate Valve Research Articles

EXPERIENCE OF A STAGE-BY-STAGE RETROFITTING OF THE GENERAL HOUSE VERTICAL HEATING SYSTEM INTO IN APARTMENT HORIZONTAL

The article considers the main mistakes in the design and construction of district heating systems, presents the problems of residential buildings in Ukraine built in the 60-90s of the last century, which unlike modern residential buildings with horizontal two-pipe regulated systems, are equipped with one-pipe vertical non-regulated heating systems with cast iron radiators or steel convectors. They have no shut-off and regulating valves, no individual regulation of heat consumption by each flat and actually turns into one heating device, where heat consumption can be regulated only by gate valves at the building inlet. As a consequence, due to the imperfect design of heating systems, 80% of the housing stock in Ukraine do not have the possibility of regulated, economical heat consumption. The article considers the practical experience of retrofitting of the general house vertical unregulated heating system into a regulated apartment horizontal heating system with its own commercial heat metering devices. The need for such a phased reconstruction of the heating system by replacing the old building-wide vertical one-pipe system with a two-pipe horizontal one is dictated by economic considerations for the consumption of fuel and energy resources, the requirements of modern standards and, most importantly, the creation of a real opportunity for all subscribers and suppliers to regulate the production of heat energy. Objective economic analysis shows that the cost of retrofitting of the heating system into a regulated apartment horizontal heating system is cheaper than autonomous heating with individual gas boilers. Reconstruction of in-house heating systems is an objective necessity, without which it is impossible for the subscriber to have a real influence on his own heat consumption.

Compact design of the 166.6 MHz superconducting cavity and its beamline elements for HEPS

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a 6 GeV diffraction-limited synchrotron light source under construction in Beijing. It will use five 166.6 MHz superconducting radio frequency (rf) cavities to accelerate the 200 mA electron beam in the storage ring. In the current lattice design, each straight section is 6 meters long to accommodate two 166.6 MHz cavities. The cavity adopts β=1 quarter-wave geometry, and the damping of the higher order modes is realized by using an enlarged cavity beam pipe to 505 mm and a ferrite absorber installed on the beam pipe. The low rf frequency, as well as the large beam aperture, added great challenges to the design of the 166.6 MHz cavity module to fit into a strictly limited longitudinal space. In addition, heat load optimization for the transition from room temperature to the cryogenic temperature, smooth tapering from the 505 mm beam aperture to the small diameter of the gate valves for impedance control, proper collimation of the synchrotron light to prevent thermal damage of delicate components, are also demanding requirements for a compact design. Accessibilities are also preserved for tuners and vacuum components to enable online maintenance. Finally, rf field leakage in the vacuum seal groove of the cavity is carefully examined to prevent overheating on the superconducting flange, which, in the worst scenario, may cause a thermal runaway, thus limiting the achievable accelerating gradient of the cavity. This paper presents the first compact design of the 166.6 MHz srf section for HEPS.

Why is a modest gentleman cruel and ruthless? A study on the dark side effect of humble leadership – from the perspective of low-status compensation theory

Purpose The purpose of this study is to reveal the mechanism of humble leadership inducing abusive supervision from the low-status compensation perspective, examining the mediation role of leader perceived thread to status. Besides, the moderation effect of regulatory focus on the mediation path is discussed. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a three-wave longitudinal survey. The data was collected from 438 leaders and their employees in five Chinese enterprises. This study used Mplus 7.4 and adopted a bootstrapping technique for data analysis. Findings Humble leadership has a positive effect on leader perceived threat to status. Leader perceived threat to status plays a mediation role between humble leadership and leader abusive supervision. Leader regulatory focus is the “gate valve” that humble leadership fosters leader abusive supervision. That is, when the leader promotion focus is high, leader perceived threat to status bred by humble leadership is low, resulting in less abusive supervision. When the leader prevention focus is high, humble leadership brings relatively more abusive supervision through perceived threat to status. Originality/value This study explores why humble leadership breeds abusive supervision behaviors and reveals the mechanism behind the negative effect of humble leadership based on low-status compensation theory. This study not only promotes the continuous development of the field of humble leadership research through empirical research but also provides guidance for effectively suppressing the negative effects of humble leadership, promoting strengths and avoiding weaknesses and suppressing inappropriate management behaviors in management practice.

An automatic pressure control system for precise spray pattern analysis on spray patternator

A study was carried out to develop an automatic pressure control system to regulate the spray pressure of various nozzles, including Type A, Type B, and Type C nozzles. A laboratory-based hydraulic nozzle test setup was utilized to evaluate the performance of hydraulic nozzles at different operating pressures ranging from 2 to 5 kg/cm2 (196.2 kPa–490.33 kPa), with regular intervals of 0.5 kg/cm2 (49.03 kPa). Water pumping was achieved using a 12 V DC diaphragm pump. A comparison was made between the developed pressure control system and a pressure relief valve + gate valve in terms of their ability to control pressure and assess the effectiveness of the developed system. Furthermore, the impact of operating pressure on flow rate, cone angle, swath width, and spray dispersion were examined. Upon utilization of the developed pressure control system to set the operating pressure, the discharge rates exhibited less than 1 % variation across all pressure settings and repetitions. Conversely, when a pressure relief valve and gate valve were used to set the operating pressure, discharge rates for all three nozzles displayed a coefficient of variation (CV) exceeding 1 % at most set pressures. The pressure control system successfully maintained the pressure within ±0.1 kg/cm2 (±9.81 kPa) of the target pressure level. The Type A nozzle exhibited the most uniform volumetric distribution at an operating pressure of 4 kg/cm2 (392.27 kPa), with a CV of 8.52 %, which was the lowest among the three nozzles studied.

ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF FLOODING IN AN URBANIZED AREA IN RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINS: CASE STUDY OF THE WARSAW CHOPIN AIRPORT

The paper presents the adaptation of the hydrodynamic Storm Water Management Model(SWMM) for the subcatchment area of the Służewiecki Stream in Warsaw, the major part of whichis the area of the Chopin Airport. The SWMM model was used for calculating the water outflowfrom the studied urbanized area in response to rainfall with the probabilities of 20 and 10%, andthen to assess the possibility of flooding as a result of rainwater spillage from the Airport drainagesystem. The scope of the work also comprised assessing the impact of the existing retention tanksat the Airport on the reduction of maximum flows in the Służewiecki Stream channel. Simulationsin response to the rainfall event with a probability of 10% have shown that there are locations(sewer manholes) within the airport area where short-term rainwater overflows may potentiallyoccur. Retention of rainwater in tanks and flow control through gate valves have a significantimpact on a reduction of flows in the Słuzewiecki Stream, thus reducing the risk of flooding in thestudied catchment area.

TaC-based wear-resistant coatings obtained by magnetron sputtering and electro-spark deposition for wedge gate valve protection

Ta–Zr–Si–B–C coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering (MS) of a TaSi2–Ta3B4–(Ta, Zr)B2 multi-component target in an Ar + C2H4 gas mixture. TaC–Cr–Mo–Ni based coatings were obtained by electro-spark deposition (ESD) using TaC–Cr–Mo–Ni electrode. The composition and structure of the coatings were studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical and tribological properties of coatings were determined using nanoindentation and pin-on-disk tests. The study showed that the coatings have a homogeneous and defect-free structure, with the main structural component being the fcc-TaC phase. The MS coating exhibited a 30 % higher concentration of the TaC phase compared to the ESD coating. The TaC crystallite sizes for the MS and ESD coatings were 3 and 30 nm, respectively. The presence of a high fraction of the carbide phase and small crystallite size for the MS coating resulted in superior hardness (H = 28 GPa) compared to the ESD sample (H = 10 GPa). Both coatings exhibited similar values of the friction coefficient (about 0.15) and demonstrated reduced wear rates (<10–7 mm3/(N·m)). The deposition of coatings on a steel substrate led to a decrease in the friction coefficient by five times and the wear rate by four orders of magnitude. Pilot tests were conducted on coatings applied to wedge gate valve of shut-off devices used in the oil and gas industry for pumping liquids. The results indicated that the service life of the steel wedge gate valve increased by 25 and 70 % with deposited MS and ESD coatings, respectively.

Development of intelligent automatic water intake system for open-pit mine

In order to solve the problem that the automation level of water intake system in open-pit mine is relatively low and the phenomenon of fault shutdown occurs from time to time, this paper innovatively develops an intelligent automatic water intake system based on LabVIEW suitable for open-pit mine. On the basis of extensive investigation of field conditions and in-depth analysis of domestic and foreign open-pit mine water intake system, the overall design scheme of this system was put forward. The selection of electric gate valve, ball valve, various sensors and Siemens 1200 series PLC was completed. The system software which integrates system initialization subroutine, pump rotation start-stop subroutine, sensor polling subroutine, fault protection and alarm subroutine was compiled. The monitoring software of Upper machine was developed based on LabVIEW software platform. The field debugging and operation results show that the system realizes the real-time monitoring of the operation state of the water intake unit, the on-demand start and stop and the intelligent rotation control of the water pump, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of the workers, prolongs the service life of the equipment, greatly improves the intelligent operation and maintenance level of pumping units of open-pit mine, and lays a solid foundation for green mining.

Improved fault diagnosis method of electric gate valve in nuclear power plant

The vibration signal (VS) analysis and acoustic emission signal (AES) analysis methods are the common effective diagnostic methods in valve fault diagnosis (FD)(Classify fault types). However, these two methods are disadvantaged by the surrounding environment and noise signals produced during acquisition. To obtain an improved FD effect of an electric gate valve (EGV) in nuclear power plant, the two previous methods are ameliorated by a noise reduction processing, then the signal feature extraction is performed. The FD and degree evaluation are carried out for the common fault types of the EGV taken as object. In this paper, three-phase unbalanced faults (Acquisition of VS), packing damage faults (Acquisition of VS) and internal leakage faults (Acquisition of AES) are taken as examples. The Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) algorithm composed with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the SAEU3H series digital acoustic emission detection system (SAEU3H SDAEDS) are used to noise reduction and extraction of parameters of the VS and AES, respectively. Then, the extracted feature parameters are brought into the Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) deep neural network for FD and fault degree evaluation (Assess the severity of failure occurrences). The experimental results show that the method adopted in this paper has high FD accuracy and low fault evaluation error.

Research on fault diagnosis method of electric gate valve under strong background noise

Electric gate valves are essential equipment in nuclear power plants. The safe and stable operation of an electric gate valve is key in maintaining the safety of nuclear power plant. However, due to the strong surrounding noise during the signal acquisition process that affect nuclear power plant electric gate valves, the early status monitoring and fault diagnosis of the electric gate valve are ineffective. However, the traditional fault diagnosis methods are not suitable for electric gate valves and fail to classify faults classification under the strong background noise. To achieve the noise reduction of electric gate valve acceleration signals based on strong background noise, the work proposes a Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) method to denoise the strong noise in the collected signal. Seven genetic optimization algorithms are combined with VMD to enhance the model parameter selection of VMD. This selection criterion helps to select the most suitable algorithm combination for processing the acceleration signal of the electric gate valve under the background of strong noise. In order to obtain a better fault classification effect, the weak noise in the acceleration signal is further removed by Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Moreover, the time-domain feature parameter extraction is performed on the denoised acceleration signal. Consequently, the model training of the Bidirectional Gate Recurrent Unit (BGRU) and the development of the electric gate valve fault diagnosis system under the background of strong noise are completed. The final experimental results show that the system developed in this paper has a good fault classification effect.

Расчетно-теоретическое и экспериментальное исследования режимов течения рабочей среды во внутренних байпасах задвижек

Demand is growing in technological lines of the oil and gas industry for stop-control valves that provide the required throughput characteristic at the pressure drop of 25 MPa or more. Compared to valves, the gate valves have the lower resistance coefficient in the open position. Slide stop-control devices are widely used as the stop-control valves. The most important problems that arise in designing such devices include determination of the hydraulic and cavitation characteristics and of the specific pressure at the gate. Internal bypass introduction in the control valves makes it possible to increase regulation accuracy at the high pressure drops, and using it in the gate valves to reduce forces in displacement of the stop-control elements and specific pressure at the gate when opening/closing, as well as to determine the point of the cavitation bubbles collapse in the flow. A method for calculating hydraulic characteristics of the bypass and a method for determining its throughput characteristics on the basis of computational and theoretical research using the modern engineering analysis system are proposed.

Identification of the failure causes of the water dam gate valves control mechanism

The gate valves described in the article are used to handle the water flow between the pressure chamber and the other operating parts of the water dam. The opening and closing of the gates are accomplished by a system of bars (spindles, tubes) connected by universal joints (cardan joints) and guided in a longitudinal guide. In 2011, the above equipment was reconstructed, whereby the manipulation of the gates was redesigned to hydraulic actuation. Problems with opening and closing the gates have already occurred since the hydraulic actuator and control were implemented. In addition, during operation, the chamber containing the hydraulic equipment flooded, and water entered the hydraulic system. Therefore, manipulation of the gate valves had to be carried out manually. The identification of the causes of the malfunctioning of the above equipment is presented in the article. Using the dynamometers designed by the authors, operational measurements of the driving torques of the closing mechanism were carried out, during which the limiting values of the driving torques were identified. Based on the strength analysis of the data obtained by the operational measurements, it was found that it is necessary to use driving units with higher torque for safe and reliable operation. From the strength point of view, the mechanical parts of the linkage are properly designed.

Расчет удельных давлений в задвижках при давлениях газа до 105 МПа

In power calculation of the valves, maximum specific pressures at the gate valves are determined only in the closed position, not taking into account decrease at the sealing fields contact area between the slide valve (wedge) and the valve seats in opening, throughput characteristic of the slide valve and working medium flow rate and density. Results are provided of calculating specific pressures at the gate of the slide valve DN 150 PN 25 MPa LLC “Scientific and Production Company “MKT-ASDM” at the gas pressure drop of up to 105 MPa depending on the slide walk stroke and taking into account the gas flow rate and density using the valve actual throughput characteristics. Specific pressures of maximum values were achieved in the slide valve relative stroke range of 0.1…0.2. It is recommended to determine the specific pressure maximum value taking into account reduction in the sealing fields contact area when the wedge is raised, throughput characteristic of the sliding gate valve and the working media flow rate and density. This should be done after calculating the specific pressure with gate valve closed according to the well-known method used in the valves’ power calculation

EVALUATION OF THE OPERATION OF A PUMP USED AS A TURBINE (PAT) UNDER REAL OPERATING CONDITIONS IN A DRINKING WATER TREATMENT STATION (DWTS)

This paper analyzes the performance under real conditions of an axial flow hydraulic pump used as a turbine (Pump as Turbine or PaT) in a Drinking Water Treatment Station (DWTS). The DWTS is located at the municipality of Baiona (NW of Spain) and is supplied from a reservoir located at a height of about 50 m above the level of the plant. The existing difference in level at the intake makes it necessary to regulate the flow at the plant inlet by means of a valve, for which, prior to the development of the generation installation, a gate valve was used. In order to take advantage of the existing difference in level, a 6 kW micro-generation system was put into service using a PaT supported by a butterfly valve for flow regulation. The main reasons for choosing this generation system were the high cost of small turbines for the characteristics of the hydraulic connection of the DWTS and the limited availability of this type of device. The system is in service and being monitored by a SCADA since July 2019 so there is a relevant amount of records that allows analyzing different operating conditions. In the sizing of a BUTU system it is necessary to estimate the behavior as a turbine since the pump manufacturer only provides data in operation as a pump. There is a large literature proposing methods for estimating the performance of BUTU systems, however, the most widely accepted methods are those validated experimentally, as intended in this article. Keywords: PaT, renewable generation, micro-hydraulics

Methodology for leakage diagnosis of gate valve using machine learning and flow rate prediction using pressure difference

Methodology for leakage diagnosis of gate valve using machine learning and flow rate prediction using pressure difference

Perencanaan Control Valve Pada Head Tank PLTA Tulungagung Menggunakan PLC

Head Tank of the Tulungagung Hydro Electric Power Plan of PT PJBUP Brantas still has a manual control valve which consists of a gate valve and a pair of float valves. There are some problems when the pipe of the float valve is blocked by cediment and debris, it could affect the cooling water system and make damage to the power plant. In this research, there would build a plan of the automatic control valve of the Tulungagung HEPP. PLC Siemens Simatic Step 7 was used as a control base on a SCADA software Wonderware Intouch version 10.0.0. In this modification plan, a pair of float valve changed over solenoid valve and manual gate valve change over motorized valve. For the water level that would be ultrasonic sensor SICK UM 30 as a input for the power meter Omron Procces Meter K3MA-J. The reliability of this modification are excellence and complete for the auto/manual control even for the long distance one. Moreover this modification also has excellence safety.

Ancient gate valve towers at the Urft dam become earthquake-proof

Ancient gate valve towers at the Urft dam become earthquake-proof

Consider Gate Valve Specifications

Journal AWWAVolume 115, Issue 5 p. 78-82 Technical Advancements Consider Gate Valve Specifications Derek B. Scott, Derek B. ScottSearch for more papers by this authorJohn R. Helf, John R. HelfSearch for more papers by this author Derek B. Scott, Derek B. ScottSearch for more papers by this authorJohn R. Helf, John R. HelfSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2112Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume115, Issue5June 2023Pages 78-82 RelatedInformation

Modal Analysis and Flow through Sectionalized Pipeline Gate Valve Using FEA and CFD Technique

Sectionalized gate valves can reduce the volume of product released in the event of a buried pipeline failure or rupture. The risk of pipeline failure is a constant and common occurrence, and many factors can lead to pipeline incidents. In this paper, the free undamped vibration of the pipeline, sectionalized gate valve structure, and the dynamics of the fluid passing through the system are investigated. First and foremost, a modal analysis based on finite element analysis (FEA) is introduced as a fundamental linear dynamics analysis to provide insight into how a pipeline sectionalized gate valve structure may respond to different types of dynamic loading. Secondly, an implicit numerical analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to describe physical quantities such as the flow velocity profiles at different stream positions and pressure fields at different points in a control volume. Through modal analysis, the effective mass factor shows the mass involved in each mode and helps identify modes with high potential to cause damage and prioritize efforts to address them. The CFD suggests that the sectionalized design of the gate valve leads to a strong vorticity of the fluid in the transversal direction of the flow and a decrease in efficiency due to pressure drop.

An All-Electric Gate Valve Actuator for Subsea Production Control Systems, Part A: Prototype and Test

To bridge the gap that exists in the key equipment of the new subsea production control system, the all-electric subsea gate valve actuator, and exploit subsea oil and gas resources with high reliability and safety while saving energy, this paper proposes a novel concept prototype of an all-electric subsea gate valve actuator which has the key functions of a redundant drive, failsafe closing, auxiliary override, position indication, and low-power position holding. It satisfied the electrically-driven requirements of the subsea gate valves and achieved Safety Integrity Level 3. The prototype was developed and tested successfully. The all-electric subsea gate valve actuator is suitable for controlling subsea gate valves with various sizes and rated working pressures to minimize the power consumption for the purpose of keeping the valves open and safely closing them in the event of the electrical failure. An override and position-indicating mechanism is equipped for emergency operation and the visual indication of the status of subsea gate valves.

Experimental Determination Influence of Flow Disturbances behind the Knife Gate Valve on the Indications of the Ultrasonic Flow Meter with Clamp-On Sensors on Pipelines

The aim of this work is to experimentally determine and evaluate the value of the correction factor for ultrasonic flow meters in order to improve their accuracy. This article concerns flow velocity measurement with the use of an ultrasonic flow meter in the area of disturbed flow behind the distorting element. Clamp-on ultrasonic flow meters are popular among measurement technologies due to their high accuracy and easy, non-invasive installation, because the sensors are mounted directly on the outer surface of the pipe. In industrial applications, installation space is usually limited and, therefore, flow meters frequently have to be mounted directly behind flow disturbances. In such cases, it is necessary to determine the value of the correction factor. The disturbing element was a knife gate valve, a valve often used in flow installations. Water flow velocity tests were performed using an ultrasonic flow meter with clamp-on sensors on the pipeline. The research was performed in 2 series of measurements with different Reynolds numbers of 35,000 and 70,000, which correspond to a velocity of approximately 0.9 m/s and 1.8 m/s. The tests were carried out at different distances from the source of interference, within the range of 3–15 DN (pipe nominal diameter). The position of the sensors at successive measurement points on the circuit of the pipeline was changed by 30 degrees. Flow velocity measurements were carried out for two different levels of the valve’s closure: 1/3 and 1/2 of the valve’s height. For the collected velocity values at single measurement points, the values of the correction coefficient, K, were determined. The results of the tests and calculations prove that compensation error of measurement performed behind the disturbance without keeping the required straight sections of the pipeline is possible by using the factor K*. The analysis of the results made it possible to identify the optimal measuring point at a distance from the knife gate valve as being smaller than specified in the standards and recommendations.