Kimchi Research Articles

Kimchi and Leuconostoc mesenteroides DRC 1506 Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis via Attenuating Inflammatory Responses.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is caused by inflammation only in the mucosa of the colon, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. The intake of probiotics is known to have a beneficial effect on the development of UC. In this study, we investigated the alleviating effects of kimchi (KC), a fermented food rich in probiotics, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides DRC 1506 (DRC) isolated from kimchi on UC. A freeze-dried kimchi suspension and DRC were orally given to mice at a dose of 1 × 109 CFU/day for 3 weeks. Furthermore, 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water was given to induce UC. The KC and DRC groups reduced symptoms of colitis, such as disease activity index, decrease in colon length, colon weight-to-length ratio, and pathological damage to the colon caused by DSS treatment. The KC and DRC groups decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the colon tissues. At the mRNA and protein expression levels in the colon tissue, KC and DRC groups downregulated inflammatory factors and upregulated tight junction-related factors. Therefore, DRC, as well as KC supplementation, are potent in alleviating UC by improving the inflammatory response and mucosal barrier function in the colon.

Abstract 4133: High prevalence and heterogeneity of emergence of BRCA reversion mutations at progression on niraparib treatment in BRCA-mutant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients

Abstract In the phase 2 GALAHAD study (NCT02854436), the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) niraparib, was evaluated in heavily pre-treated patients with mCRPC and DNA-repair gene defects (DRD) who progressed after androgen-receptor (AR) targeted therapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. The results showed that objective response rate (ORR) was 34.2% for patients with measurable disease having biallelic BRCA1/2 alterations (n=76). The development of BRCA reversion mutations, a type of secondary mutation that restores protein function, has been proposed as a key resistance mechanism to PARP inhibition. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between reversion mutations and treatment response in BRCA1/2 altered patients treated with niraparib in the GALAHAD study. Thirty-three patients with biallelic BRCA alterations (excluding patients with homozygous deletions) had donated an end-of-treatment (EOT) ctDNA sample. We performed sequencing to detect reversion mutations using the Resolution Bioscience ctDx-HRD assay. Mutation patterns at baseline included splice site, nonsense, missense, and frameshift mutations, with the latter being the most common (24/33; 73%). No reversions were detected at baseline and the baseline BRCA alterations were detected at EOT for every patient. Most BRCA patients (28/33; 85%) had at least 1 reversion mutation (range: 1-38 different BRCA alterations) at EOT. Of the 28 patients with reversions, 5 were classified as low reversions: 3 patients had only one reversion mutation, 1 patient had 2 reversions at low allele frequency and 1 patient had 4 reversions at low allele frequency. Patients with reversion mutations showed better composite response (defined as ORR by RECIST 1.1, or CTC conversion to <5/7.5 mL blood, or ≥50% decline in prostate specific antigen) (74.2% vs 25.8%, p=0.01) and longer duration on treatment (median 6.9 vs 3.7 mo, p<0.05) compared to those without or low reversions. Additionally, patients with reversions trended to have longer median radiographic progression-free survival compared to those without or low reversions (8.1 vs 5.5 mo, p=0.12). In conclusion, the high prevalence of patients with BRCA reversion mutations and the displayed longer benefit from niraparib underscores the dependence of these tumors on BRCA mutation as an oncogenic driver and reversion mutations as a marker of secondary resistance to niraparib treatment. Citation Format: Karen Urtishak, Gerhardt Attard, Tokuwa Kanno, Shibu Thomas, Gary E. Mason, Byron Espina, Eugene Zhu, Natalie Hutnick, Mary Guckert, Adam del Corral, Mark Li, Angela Lopez-Gitlitz, Kim Chi, William Kevin Kelly, Evan Y. Yu, Karim Fizazi, Matthew Smith. High prevalence and heterogeneity of emergence of BRCA reversion mutations at progression on niraparib treatment in BRCA-mutant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4133.

Effect of main vegetable ingredient on the glucosinolate, carotenoids, capsaicinoids, chlorophylls, and ascorbic acid content of kimchis

Kimchi, a traditional Korean food manufactured using various vegetables and other ingredients, such as garlic, ginger, and red pepper, imparts several health benefits. However, the variation in the bioactive compounds responsible for the health benefits of various kimchis is not well-characterized. Here, we analyzed the bioactive profile of eight kimchis, prepared using different vegetables as the main ingredient. We compared the major phytochemical compositions, including glucosinolates, carotenoids, capsaicinoids, chlorophylls, and ascorbic acid contents in Baechu-kimchi (BC) and Baek-kimchi (BK) prepared using napa cabbage, Gat-kimchi (GT) prepared using mustard leaf, Kkakdugi (KD), Chonggak-kimchi (CGK), and Yeolmu-kimchi (YM) prepared using radish, Pa-kimchi (PA) prepared using green onion, and Oi-sobagi (OB) prepared using cucumber. Among glucosinolates, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin was abundant in BC and BK, wherein 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and glucoraphasatin were dominant in CGK, YM, and KD. The glucosinolate breakdown product ascorbigen was abundant in all kimchi. Carotenoids, particularly capsanthin from red chili pepper, were the highest in PA. YM and PA showed high chlorophyll contents, and ascorbic acid contents were almost two-fold higher in GT than in OB and BK. Total capsaicinoids, which confer pungency, were highest in OB. PA, GT, and no capsaicinoid were detected in BK, which contained no red chili pepper powder.

About Yeok Dae Ulsun , the Selected Chinese Yulshis of all time, by Kim Chi Man

About Yeok Dae Ulsun , the Selected Chinese Yulshis of all time, by Kim Chi Man

Antioxidant and Cholesterol-lowering Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kelp Saccharina japonica Kimchi

Antioxidant and Cholesterol-lowering Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kelp Saccharina japonica Kimchi

Abstract 3541: Biallelic alterations in BRCA2, ATM, or CDK12 in metastatic prostate cancer via circulating tumor DNA

Abstract Background: Genomic instability is a hallmark of metastatic prostate cancer. Defects in homologous recombination repair genes such BRCA2 are associated with response to platinum-based chemotherapy and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. However, monoallelic DNA damage repair (DDR) mutations are unlikely to result in therapeutic vulnerability. Here, we used clinically-practical liquid biopsies to distinguish between monoallelic and biallelic DDR defects. Our secondary objective was to characterize the downstream genomic alterations enabled by each class of underlying DDR defect. Methods: We performed targeted sequencing of 1615 cell-free DNA samples from 882 patients with mPCa using a custom prostate cancer panel. Samples with deleterious BRCA2 mutation(s) were subjected to deep sequencing of tumor suppressor introns to identify structural rearrangements. Hypermutated mismatch-repair defective tumors were excluded from analysis. Results: 101 patients had at least one deleterious germline or somatic mutation in one of 19 assessed DDR genes in the targeted panel. BRCA2, ATM, and CDK12 were most commonly affected, collectively mutated in 16.0% of patients with sufficient circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) content to be assessed for both germline and somatic mutations (n = 630). In 345 patients with >20% ctDNA content, eight somatic biallellic BRCA2 deletions were identified. In patients with >1 deleterious mutation in BRCA2, ATM, and CDK12, disruption of the second allele (via mutation, deletion, or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity) was detected in 97%, 85%, and 91% of cases, respectively. Patients with a mutation in these genes had fewer TP53 mutations than DDR-intact controls (p<0.05). However, BRCA2-defective patients instead harbored frequent compound deletions and/or rearrangements that disrupted tumor-suppressor genes (e.g. TP53, PTEN, RB1). In patients with CDK12 mutations, tumor-suppressor loss was rare but copy number gains of MDM2, CCND1, CDK4/6 were common. ATM-loss was not associated with evidence of genomic instability. Conclusions: In metastatic prostate cancer, deleterious mutations in BRCA2, ATM or CDK12, as detected in ctDNA, are frequently accompanied by alteration to the second allele. This means that detection of one deleterious mutation in these genes may be a surrogate for biallelic loss. In BRCA2 and CDK12-mutant genomes, tumor suppressor genes can be disrupted via structural rearrangements. ATM-mutant genomes show scant evidence for TP53 disruption. Citation Format: Evan Warner, Steven Yip, Matti Annala, Andrew Murtha, Cameron Herberts, Kim Chi, Alexander Wyatt. Biallelic alterations in BRCA2, ATM, or CDK12 in metastatic prostate cancer via circulating tumor DNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3541.

소비가치가 소비성향과 재구매의도에 미치는 영향: 시판김치 이용고객을 중심으로

본 연구는 시판김치 이용고객을 중심으로 소비가치가 소비성향과 재구매의도에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 우리나라의 김치산업 경영에 의미 있는 시사점을 제고하여 판매전략의 변화와 이익을 극대화 시키고 시판김치 연구의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 2019년 7월 1일부터 7월 30일까지 약 4주간의 조사 기간 중 서울, 경기, 강원 지역의 시판 김치를 경험한 20대에서 60대 이상의 남녀를 대상으로 설문 조사하였고 총 400부의 설문지를 배포하였다. 설문지의 표본추출방법은 판단표본추출방법을 사용하였으며 SPSS 21.0을 활용한 실증 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소비가치 중 기능적가치는 소비성향의 건강추구형에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 소비가치 중 경제적가치는 실속추구형, 계획추구형에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 소비가치 중 상황적가치는 건강추구형에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 소비성향 중 건강추구형과 실속추구형은 재구매의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 소비가치 중 경제적가치와 상황적가치는 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 소비자의 소비가치와 소비성향에 따라 소비자가 지향하는 제품에 대해 재구매할 것이며 시판김치의 소비가치, 소비성향의 변화점을 파악하고 재구매의도의 영향관계를 파악하여 시판김치에 대한 소비자의 재구매를 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다.

Abstract PR09: Frequency and etiology of ctDNA-positive metastatic prostate cancer with BRCA2, ATM, or CDK12 mutations

Abstract Recent sequencing efforts have shown that genomic alterations within DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways are relatively common in metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). Patients harboring DDR gene aberrations can respond poorly to standard-of-care androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy, potentially because defective DNA repair enables rapid tumor evolution. Research has shown that DDR-deficient mPCa is often genetically unstable due to its high mutation frequency; however, the specific differences in mutations and copy number alterations between DDR mutant and nonmutant tumors have not been established. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing on 1,214 cell-free DNA samples from 718 patients with mPCa. In 30 patients with disruption of BRCA2, ATM, or CDK12, we also sequenced archival primary tumor tissue. 118 patients had a deleterious germline or somatic mutation in at least one of the 22 DDR genes on our targeted panel. The most commonly altered were BRCA2 (n=41), ATM (n=20), and CDK12 (n=21), together present in ~14% of patients. Disruption of the intact second allele was detected in 96%, 82%, and 84% of patients with mutations in BRCA2, ATM, and CDK12, respectively. Patients with a mutation in any one of these genes had fewer mutations in TP53 than a control cohort of DDR-intact patients (p<0.05). However, BRCA2-defective patients had frequent compound deletions of tumor-suppressor genes (TP53, PTEN, RB1). In patients with CDK12 mutations, PTEN or RB1 deletion was rare and samples instead exhibited copy number gains of MDM2 and/or CCND1. ATM-deficient cases did not demonstrate the same degree of genomic instability as either BRCA2- or CDK12-defective disease. In summary, patients with BRCA2, ATM, or CDK12 gene disruption possess distinct patterns of genomic alterations. These findings might help clarify why some DDR-deficient mPCa cases represent a more aggressive disease subtype with a poor response to AR-targeted therapy. This abstract is also being presented as Poster A36. Citation Format: Evan Warner, Steven Yip, Matti Annala, Gang Wang, Arkhjamil Angeles, Arshia Beigi, Elena Schönlau, Amanda Wong, Sinja Taavitsainen, Gillian Vandekerkhove, Kevin Beja, Matti Nykter, Daniel Khalaf, Kim Chi, Alexander Wyatt. Frequency and etiology of ctDNA-positive metastatic prostate cancer with BRCA2, ATM, or CDK12 mutations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr PR09.

Bioboard

The following topics are under this section: ASIA-PACIFIC — Discovery of Protease Inhibitors hold Promise against COVID-19 ASIA-PACIFIC — Nano-sensors for Real-Time Plant Health Monitoring ASIA-PACIFIC — Study Finds Underweight Patients with Diabetes have Increased Risk of Tuberculosis ASIA-PACIFIC — Guide Developed for Remote Consultation for Suspected COVID-19 Patients ASIA-PACIFIC — Scientific Challenges of Kimchi Fermentation ASIA-PACIFIC — Increasing Charge Capacity of Lithium Batteries ASIA-PACIFIC — Newly-discovered Small Mitochondrial Protein Essential for Energy Production ASIA-PACIFIC — Overcoming Chemotherapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer REST OF THE WORLD — Safety of Antibiotics for C-Section Mothers REST OF THE WORLD — Early Screening of Colorectal Cancer based on Family History REST OF THE WORLD — Maternal Hypertensive Disorders may cause Mental Health Disorders in Children REST OF THE WORLD — Biofilm Formation and Hyper-infectivity of Cholera

김치 유산균 Weissella koreensis DB1을 활용한 미강발효물의 특성 규명

김치 유산균 Weissella koreensis DB1을 활용한 미강발효물의 특성 규명

The impact of urbanization on the architecture space of Kim Chi Flowers-Ornementals craft village in Nghi An Commune, Vinh City

In Vietnam, the process of industrialization and modernization has strongly impacted many aspects of the architecture of Vietnamese craft villages in general and the craft villages in Nghe An Province in particular. The paper presents research on the changes in the architectural space of craft villages in Nghe An under the impact of industrialization and modernization. The architectural changes of Kim Chi Flowers-Ornamentals Craft Village are the case of study. The study results reveal that the architectural space of craft villages under the impact of industrialization and modernization has changed in three trends including the disposition of villages along the main road, division of land lots and expansion of villages. In addition, the article makes some suggestions on the architecture of craft villages conformable to urbanization trends.

중국 거주 조선인 김치문화의 양상과 의미

중국 거주 조선인의 김치는 예상대로 우리와 상당히 유사한 모습이었다. 구체적으로 김치는 절임한 배추에 양념을 넣어 만드는 조리법이라는 점, 양념은 마늘, 고춧가루, 생강이 기본이라는 점이다. 전술한 바와 같은 김치의 정체성에 부합한다는 점에서 조선족과 우리의 문화적인 동질성을 확인할 수 있었다.<BR> 이에 비해 우리와는 전혀 다른 점도 보인다. 연길과 안산의 경우에 김치에 대한 의미가 철령과는 조금 달랐다. 철령의 경우에는 밥반찬으로서의 의미로 한정되는 데 비해서 연길과 안산은 독립된 요리로서의 의미를 함께 갖고 있었다. 상술과는 또 다른 것이다. 김치를 ‘조선족’의 대표 ‘요리’로 의미를 두는 것이다. 김송월의 경우에는 이에 대해 단호한 입장이었다. 면담 과정에서 그녀는 한족들에게 ‘조선족’에게는 이런 요리가 있다는 것을 보여주고 싶다고 했다. 안산의 장성화도 김치를 단순한 반찬이 아니라 술안주도 되는 요리로 인식하고 있었다. 우리와는 전혀 다른 인식이다.<BR> 또한 김치가 정체성과 직결되고 있었다. 김치를 먹어야 ‘조선족’이라는 것이다. 김송월과 장성화 모두 다른 것은 몰라도 김치를 먹을 때 ‘조선족’이 된다는 의식을 갖고 있었다. 이런 인식은 철령의 박병대가의 경우는 좀 더 근원적이었다. 즉, 끼니 때 밥을 먹어야 하는 것처럼 김치는 당연히 밥상에 있어야 하는 것이었다. 그리고 그것을 경상도식으로 유지함으로써 자신들의 본향이 경상도임을 확인하는 기능을 하고 있었다. 일종의 디아스포라의 의미를 갖는다고 하겠다.<BR> 한반도를 벗어나 살고 있는 사람들에게 김치가 갖는 의미는 분명 한반도 내에서 살고 있는 사람들과는 다르다. 그 양상이 어떠한지, 한반도 내에서는 또 어떠한지 실증적인 검토를 확대한다면 김치에 대한 인문학적인 의미를 좀 더 다양하게 추출할 수 있으리라 기대한다.

Development of Crop Water Stress Index for Kimchi Cabbage Precision Irrigation Control

Development of Crop Water Stress Index for Kimchi Cabbage Precision Irrigation Control

Formation of Biogenic Amines in Pa (Green Onion) Kimchi and Gat (Mustard Leaf) Kimchi.

In this study, biogenic amine content in Pa (green onion) kimchi and Gat (mustard leaf) kimchi, Korean specialty kimchi types, was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Many kimchi samples contained low levels of biogenic amines, but some samples had histamine and tyramine content over the safe levels. Based on the comparative analysis between the ingredient information on food labels and biogenic amine content of kimchi samples, Myeolchi-aekjeot appeared to be an important source of biogenic amines in both kimchi. Besides, through the 16s rRNA sequence analysis, Lactobacillus brevis appeared to be responsible for the formation of biogenic amines (tyramine, β-phenylethylamine, putrescine, and cadaverine) in both kimchi, in a strain-dependent manner. During fermentation, a higher accumulation of tyramine, β-phenylethylamine, and putrescine was observed in both or one (for putrescine) of kimchi types when L. brevis strains served as inocula. The addition of Myeolchi-aekjeot affected the initial concentrations of most biogenic amines (except for spermidine in Gat kimchi) in both kimchi. Therefore, this study suggests that using appropriately salted and fermented seafood products for kimchi preparation and using biogenic amine-negative and/or biogenic amine-degrading starter cultures would be effective in reducing biogenic amine content in Pa kimchi and Gat kimchi.

Kimchi extracts as inhibitors of colour deterioration and lipid oxidation in raw groundpork meat during refrigerated storage.

Kimchi is a Korean, traditional fermented food made from Korean cabbage, radish, fermented jeotgal, ginger, garlic, and red pepper powder. It is a good source of natural antioxidants such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins, and carotenoids. In this study, the antioxidant effects of various kimchi extracts on raw ground pork during refrigerated storage were investigated. Raw ground pork samples were treated with ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene, baechu kimchi extract (BKE), gat kimchi extract (GKE), puchu kimchi extract (PKE), and white kimchi extract (WKE) and compared with raw ground pork without antioxidant treatment (NC). Increased metmyoglobin (MetMb), thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS), and total bacterial counts (TBC) were observed in all meat samples after storage, whereas pH, lightness, and redness values tended to decrease with increased storage time. All treated samples had lower TBARS and MetMb values and TBC compared to the control samples. Various kimchi ethanol extracts protected raw ground pork from lipid oxidation. The most potent antioxidant was GKE, whereas WKE was the weakest. This study suggests that the tested extracts, especially kimchi, have potential as natural preservatives to reduce colour degradation, lipid oxidation, and bacterial count in raw ground pork meat. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of green tea leaf, lotus leaf, and kimchi powders on quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages.

Liver sausage is flavorful and highly nutritious. However, liver has a relatively short shelf life due to acceleration of oxidation in the presence of endogenous enzymes and metals. Powders derived from natural sources, including plants or fruits, are applied to meat products for inhibiting oxidation without adverse effects on their quality. Hence, this study investigated the effects of natural powders derived from green tea leaf (GTL), lotus leaf (LL), and kimchi (KC) on the quality and change in lipid oxidation and freshness of chicken liver sausages during two weeks of storage. Chicken liver sausages were manufactured with chicken breast (70%) and liver (20%), pork back fat (5%), iced water (5%), various additives, and GTL, LL, and KC [0 (control) or 1%]. They were processed in three batches. For determination of the quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages with various plant powders, pH, color, and texture properties were assessed. In addition, lipid oxidation and freshness using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were analyzed at day 0 and week 2 of refrigerated storage. Higher values were obtained for pH and cooking yield in sausage samples with LL and KC powders than in samples with the other treatments. For a* values, the sausage samples with KC showed similar (p > 0.05) values, whilst others had significantly lower values than the control. The addition of the three powders to sausage samples induced an increase (p < 0.05) in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The addition of plant powders did not influence TBARS and TVBN of sausage samples at the initial stage. However, after two weeks of storage, significantly lower TBARS and TVBN values were observed, and the sausage with KC (p < 0.05) showed the lowest values of both TBARS and TVBN. The results showed the potential ability of the three powders to improve the quality and inhibit lipid oxidation in liver sausages. Particularly, the addition of KC did not adversely affect the a* values of sausage samples. The effects on sensory properties and inhibition mechanisms of GTL, LL, and KC in meat products should be further studied.

Comparison of Mcrobial and Physicochemical Properties between Pogi Kimchi and Mat Kimchi

Comparison of Mcrobial and Physicochemical Properties between Pogi Kimchi and Mat Kimchi

Perception and Purchasing Behavior for Kimchi among Chinese Individuals

Perception and Purchasing Behavior for Kimchi among Chinese Individuals

Critical review on Active Technologies to Regulate the Levels of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen for Kimchi Packaging

Critical review on Active Technologies to Regulate the Levels of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen for Kimchi Packaging

Modernization and Kimchi culture

Modernization and Kimchi culture