Disorders Of Gastrointestinal Tract Research Articles

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Vinnytsia region and the effectiveness of the eradication schemes according to 13C-urease breath tests (2006 — 2019)

Objective — On the basis of analysis of the results of breath tests with 13C‑labeled urea, to study the dynamics of the level of H. pylori infection and to assess the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication schemes in patients with disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) — residents of the Vinnytsia region.Materials and methods. The analysis has been carried out with 2095 results of breath tests with 13C‑labeled urea, performed on infrared analyzer (IRIS, Wagner, Germany) during the years 2006 — 2019 in the clinical diagnostic gastroenterological laboratory of the Vinnytsia National Pirogov memorial Medical University. The results of breath tests with 13C‑labelled urea were divided into two data arrays. The first data array included results of 1189 breath tests (644 women and 545 men), performed in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract disorders for the primary H. pylori infection diagnosis, the second consisted of 906 breath tests results (476 women and 430 men), performed in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract disorders in order to monitor the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication.Results. Based on the results of the analysis of breath tests, performed for the primary diagnosis of H. pylori infection in patients of upper gastrointestinal tract disorders, it has been established that in the years 2006, 2007 and 2008 the H. pylori infection level did not differ from each other (p > 0.05) and amounted to 68.1 %, 63.3 %, 64.8 %, respectively. Starting from year 2009, in patients who did not receive previous anti‑helicobacter pharmacotherapy, the H. pylori infection level has significantly decreased (p < 0.05 and < 0.01). The mean rate of the effective H. pylori eradication for the whole observation period was 76.4 % regardless of the treatment regimen. The comparison of the efficacy of eradication pharmacotherapy depending on gender showed that in the years 2006 and 2007 the rate of successful eradication pharmacotherapy in women was significantly (р < 0.01) lower vs men and was 53.5 % and 60.0 % vs 77.9 % vs 91.3 % respectively. The number of successful H. pylori eradications was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the group of patients who were administered anti‑helicobacter pharmacotherapy schemes in accordance with the Maastricht recommendations (81.3 % versus 65.6 %).Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis of breath tests with 13C‑labeled urea, performed for the primary diagnosis of H. pylori, it has been established, that in patients with disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract since 2009, the primary infection with H. pylori significantly decreased. There were significant differences regarding primary infection with H. pylori between men and women with upper gastrointestinal tract disorders. The lowest level of H. pylori infection among patients with upper gastrointestinal tract disorders was observed in the age group under 20 years old (39.6 %), and the maximal H. pylori infection was diagnosed in the age group over 70 years old (66.7 %). The scheme proton pump inhibitor + clarithromycin + amoxicillin + bismuth subcitrate in standard doses demonstrated the highest efficacy of 87.0 % among the schemes, administered in accordance with с Maastricht recommendations. The scheme proton pump inhibitor + clarithromycin + derivatives of metronidazole in standard doses had the lowest efficacy (68.1 %).

Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of human cathelicidin active fragment KR-12 in the mouse models of colitis: a novel potential therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases

IntroductionInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal tract disorders with complex etiology, with intestinal dysbiosis as the most prominent factor. In this study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial actions of the human cathelicidin LL-37 and its shortest active fragment, KR-12 in the mouse models of colitis.Materials and methodsMouse models of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were used in the study. The extent of inflammation was evaluated based on the macro- and microscopic scores, quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and microbiological analysis of stool samples.ResultsA preliminary study with LL-37 and KR-12 (1 mg/kg, ip, twice daily) showed a decrease in macroscopic and ulcer scores in the acute TNBS-induced model of colitis. We observed that KR-12 (5 mg/kg, ip, twice daily) reduced microscopic and ulcer scores in the semi-chronic and chronic TNBS-induced models of colitis compared with inflamed mice. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative changes in colonic microbiota were observed: KR-12 (5 mg/kg, ip, twice daily) decreased the overall number of bacteria, Escherichia coli and coli group bacteria. In the semi-chronic DSS-induced model, KR-12 attenuated intestinal inflammation as demonstrated by a reduction in macroscopic score and colon damage score and MPO activity.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that KR-12 alleviates inflammation in four different mouse models of colitis what suggests KR-12 and cathelicidins as a whole are worth being considered as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of IBD.

Application of a new phytopreparation for gastrointestinal disorders in piglets

The analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of a new medical and prophylactic drug on piglets of Large White breed crossed with Duroc was carried out. The experiment was conducted in the conditions of a pig-breeding farm in theTrans-BaikalTerritoryin 2019, 2020. Experimental animals were treated with a preparation based on dry extracts of magnolia vine, wild rose, bird cherry, chamomile, and eleutherococcus rhizomes. For the experiment, three groups of newborn pigs (n = 30) with signs of gastrointestinal tract disorders were formed. The drug was administered to piglets for 10 days according to two regimens: the 1st experimental group was given the drug orally at a dose of 6 ml/kg of live weight once a day; the 2nd experimental group – at a dose of 6 ml/kg of live weight 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours. The control group was injected with a prebiotic at a dose of 10 ml/kg (1x106 CFU/10 mg) once a day. The animals were assessed on a daily basis for their clinical status (temperature, pulse, respiration, level of dehydration according to skin turgor, intensity of reflexes, state of feces). Recovery in the 1st group was observed on the 4th day, in the 2nd group on the 2nd day. The animals of the control group suff a severe disease, the death rate was 60%, the surviving animals recovered on the 10th day. In animals of the 2nd group, there was an increase in lymphocyte cells by 34.5%, erythrocytes – by 18.1%, hemoglobin – by 8.1%, hematocrit – by 13.9%. The biochemical analysis of the blood serum of piglets showed a positive growth dynamics of total protein by 12.1%, albumin – by 17.1%, globulins – by 6.2%. The most effective regimen of treating pigs with the herbal preparation proved to be the one used in the 2nd experimental group. The use of the drug according to the recommended treatment regimen will allow pig farms to ensure high survival rate of young pigs, increase their weight gain and get environmentally friendly pig products.

Coexisting Conditions among Children and Adolescents with Cancer in a Section of the South African Private Health Sector: Perspectives from Drug Utilization Data

Coexisting conditions are relatively common in children with cancer, however, there is a paucity of information on the prevalence of coexisting conditions in children with cancer in South Africa. This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the common coexisting conditions occurring in children and adolescents younger than 19 years undergoing cancer chemotherapy in a section of the South African private health sector. Medicine claims data from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 were queried to identify coexisting conditions using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes indicated on reimbursed claims. Where ICD-10 codes per claim were non-specific, the pharmacological drug classes of non-cytotoxic medications claimed alongside these codes were categorized using the Monthly Index of Medical Specialties (MIMS) classification system and analyzed using the drug utilization 90% (DU90%) principle. Analysis of sub-pharmacologic drug classes was stratified according to gender and age groups. The reimbursement category of these medicines was noted. Data were analyzed descriptively. A total of 173 participants were included in the study. ICD-10 codes were available for 13.65% (N = 2631) of medicine claims. Diseases of the respiratory system (J00–J99, 7.15%), gastrointestinal tract (K00–K95, 1.60%), and skin disorders (L00–L99, 0.95%) were the most prevalent specific diagnoses identified. Non-specific ICD-10 codes were recorded on 86.35% (n = 2272) of non-cytotoxic medicine claims. The most frequently utilized pharmacological classes of medications included antimicrobial agents (17.40%), respiratory system agents (13.91%), and analgesics (10.64%). As determined from ICD-10 codes and medication claimed on reimbursed claims, children and adolescents being treated for cancers mostly suffered from acute conditions, in particular, microbial infections and diseases of the respiratory system. This indicates the need for the integration of antimicrobial surveillance programs into childhood and adolescent cancer care to curb antimicrobial infections.

Recent Advances in Clinical Utility of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders.

Clinically, probiotics have a significant role in nutrition, immune function, and maintenance of gut homeostasis. Unfortunately, the widespread use of antibiotics disrupts the symbiotic balance of gut microbiota, leading to the development of several gastrointestinal disorders. A recent study suggesting a combination of appropriate probiotics and prebiotics through its ability to fix dysbiosis issues has emerged as a potential alternative to treat various pathological conditions of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT). Evidenced-based clinical research suggests that probiotic's effectiveness depends on several factors including strain, dose, host immune system, underlying pathology, and duration of therapy. Moreover, the microflora enriched medium reinforces the host defense against chemical and microbial challenges. However, the limited information available to understand the molecular basis by which probiotic maintains the gut homeostasis. The objective of this review to emphasize recent clinical outcomes and possible mechanisms involved in probiotic action to combat the GIT disorders.

Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspirate for Evaluating Lesions in or Adjacent to Gastrointestinal Tract: A Single Tertiary Care Center Experience

Background: Endoscopic ultrasonography guided-fine needle aspiration offers through linear endoscopyan opportunity for sampling mediastinal, intra-abdominal, pancreatic and pelvic lesions under directvisualization.Aim of Study: To assess the validity of endoscopic ultrasonography guided-fine needle aspiration frompatients with gastrointestinal tract disorder discovered by endoscopy or other imaging modalities incomparison to histopathology.Patients and Method: A retrospective data review study conducted in Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology& Hepatology in Sulaimani through the period from 1st of January 2016 to 31st of December 2016 onsampleof 102 suspected gastrointestinal tumors patients. Endoscopic ultrasonography data base at Kurdistan Centerduring 4 years period (January 2013- December 2016) is searched for all patients referred for Endoscopicultrasonography-fine needle aspiration.Results: Endoscopic ultrasonography showed that 51% of suspected gastrointestinal tumor patients hadmalignancy while histopathology showed that 45.1% of suspected patients had malignancy. The validityresults of endoscopic ultrasonography-fine needle aspiration in comparison to histopathology findingswere sensitivity (87%), specificity (78.6%), +ve predictive value (76.9%), -ve predictive value (88%) andaccuracy (82.3%).Conclusions: Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Fine Needle Aspiration is an appropriate diagnostic choice forsuspected gastrointestinal tumors.

Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders in COVID-19 Infected Children

Objective of the work was to investigate the peculiarities of gastrointestinal tract disorders in children with coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus.Materials and methods. We have analyzed the frequency, terms of emergence, duration and character of gastrointestinal disorders on the basis of medical records of 36 children receiving the treatment for community-acquired pneumonia of coronavirus etiology (positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus) in the children’s infectious disease department of Moscow State Clinical Hospital, Mytishchi. The majority of patients had moderate form of the disease (97 %), severe cases were not registered. The age range of the children – 8 months to17 years old. All patients were subjected to supplementary examination on Day 1 in accordance with the current recommendations. Children were treated in hospital settings for 8–15 days. Assessment of clinical status was performed at least once a day over the stated period, supplementary survey – at least once in a week, upon indications – more frequently. SARSCoV-2 virus was identified using polymerase chain reaction. All patients received standard therapy in compliance with advanced methodological recommendations, upon indications – other pharmaceutical products.Results and discussion. Gastro-intestinal disorders in 23 children (64 %) emerged on Day 4–5, in 8 children (22 %) – before the start of the treatment; they lasted 3–5 days. In most of the patients diarrhea (64 %) and stomachaches (57 %) were observed. 67 % of the children demonstrated other symptoms indicative of gastrointestinal dysfunction. The disorders were characteristic for most of the children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The symptoms are contained when the main course of therapy is conducted, indicated for treatment of COVID-19, and additional therapy recommended for management of gastro-intestinal infections is performed.

Gastric slow wave rhythm identification using new approach based on noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert-Huang transform.

Electrogastrography (EGG) is the method of cutaneous recording of the myoelectrical activity of the stomach. A multi-channel signal is recorded non-invasively by means of electrodes placed outside the epigastric area. The normal electrical rhythm of the stomach (slow wave) may become significantly disturbed due to disorders of gastrointestinal tract. Abnormally fast electrical rhythms are termed tachygastria, while abnormally slow rhythms are known as bradygastria. Because some features of biological signals may go undetected using the classical methods of signal spectral analysis, we propose a new method for EGG rhythm identification. In this study, the calculation of the basic rhythms of multi-channel EGG signals is performed by means of the noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), using EGG data from eight healthy subjects. The results were compared with those obtained using classical spectral analysis. The mean values of the normogastric index for preprandial and two postprandial stages were found to be 64.78±11.37%, 61.29±15.86%, and 63.80±13.24%, respectively. The obtained values of normogastric index are consistent with the normal human physiological value, which is approximately 70% for healthy subjects. This method is able to capture features of the signal which are mostly undetectable by standard EGG processing methods. The EGG dominant rhythm identification using the instantaneous normogastric, bradygastric, and tachygastric indices provides new insights into biological EGG patterns.

Preventative and Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcers.

Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects up to 20% of the population of the world. Treatment of peptic ulcer remains challenging due to the limited effectiveness and severe side effects of the currently available drugs. Hence, natural compounds, owing to their medicinal, ecological, and other safe properties, are becoming popular potential candidates in preventing and treating peptic ulcers. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in plants, exhibit gastroprotective effects against peptic ulcer both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarized the anti-ulcer functions and mechanisms, and also the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety, of flavonoid monomers in the gastrointestinal tract. Flavonoids exerted cytoprotective and rehabilitative effects by not only strengthening defense factors, such as mucus and prostaglandins, but also protecting against potentially harmful factors via their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Although controlled clinical studies are limited at present, flavonoids have shown a promising preventable and therapeutic potential in peptic ulcers.

S3596 Chronic Abdominal Pain After Gastrojejunostomy: An Unexpected Outcome

INTRODUCTION: Gastroparesis is a neuromuscular disorder of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract. Diabetes is the most common known etiology, accounting for 20–30% of cases. Other major causes include medication adverse effects, neuromuscular disease, idiopathic, and post-surgical gastroparesis (PSG), which has a prevalence of 0.4-5%. We present a case of PSG treated with botulinum toxin (Botox). CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: A 56-year-old man with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c 14.2), hypertension, and small bowel perforation status post gastrojejunostomy in 2014 presented with nausea, vomiting, and diffuse postprandial abdominal pain. Initial medical management with pro-motility agents: erythromycin and metoclopramide were unsuccessful. CT scan abdomen was negative for acute pathology. EGD revealed a patent gastrojejunostomy with normal pyloric contractions. No retained food, ulcer, or gastritis was found. A gastric emptying study was negative for gastroparesis, showing a functional gastrojejunostomy. The patient underwent EGD with Botox injection into the pylorus and gastrojejunal anastomosis (Figures 1 and 2). He was also started on low dose nortriptyline. He remained symptoms free at 2 months follow up. DISCUSSION: PSG is thought to have a multifactorial etiology including dysfunction of the parasympathetic system after vagotomy and lack of duodenal motilin release after duodenal resection. After one year, a significant percentage of patients develop compensatory neurostimulation to adapt to their new anatomy. Gastrojejunostomy predisposes to slow emptying from the gastric remnant and delayed transit in the denervated efferent limb. Therefore, less than 25 cm resection is often recommended to avoid stasis. Botox injection for refractory PSG has some evidence of efficacy. One trial showed an average response rate of 43% for 5 months, with a target on quality of life. Whereas another demonstrated a 55% improvement at 6 weeks post-procedure with positive outcomes in the motility of solid food. Additionally, non-selective serotoninergic inhibitors (NSRI) such as nortriptyline (with the least anticholinergic effect) have shown promising effects at low doses for patients with refractory gastroparesis. Our patient likely had a combination of diabetic gastroparesis and PSG, which did not respond to medical therapy. We demonstrate the effective use of botulinum injection in combination with NSRI.Figure 1.: Pylorus, blood is seen post Botox injection.Figure 2.: Patent gastrojejunostomy and antrum.

S3048 A Secondary Hypogammaglobinemia in a Patient With Eosinophilic Gastritis

INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The pathogenesis remains largely unknown but several studies have suggested involvement of IL-5+ Th2 cells and cytokines IL-3, IL-5, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. EGE usually manifests with non-specific GI symptoms as well as, in some cases, severe iron-deficiency anemia. A secondary hypogammaglobinemia is not an established complication of EGE, but can be a consequence of iron-deficiency anemia. We present an active duty patient with EGE, found to have severe iron-deficiency anemia with low IgG level and loss of immune titer to MMR, Rubeola and Varicella. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: A 25-year-old active duty soldier presented to emergency room with dyspnea and fatigue and was incidentally found to be severely anemic (Hemoglobin: 6.3g/dL, MCV: 62.7fL, and Ferritin: 2.86ng/mL) with absolute eosinophil (Abs Eo) of 1.0 × 10(9)/L. She received blood transfusion and was started on enteral iron therapy, as well as, work-up for eosinophilia to include malignancy, infection, and autoimmune/vasculitis etiologies. At 6 month follow-up, hemoglobin normalized to 15.2g/dL but eosinophilia persisted, reaching as high as 2.44 × 10(9)/L. As part of the work-up, immunoglobin was obtained which showed low IgG (328mg/dL), but normal levels of IgA, IgM, and IgE. She was also noted to have lost titer to MMR, Rubeola, and Varicella (though having had previously received all appropriate vaccinations in 2015 for military service). During primary immunodeficiency work-up, she was placed on inhaled fluticasone by pulmonology for presumed diagnosis of eosinophilic asthma (PFTs were normal). Patient clinically improved with subsequent lab showing improvement in IgG level and down-trending eosinophil counts. She was re-vaccinated and developed appropriate level of immune titers to all the vaccines. DISCUSSION: EGE is a rare inflammatory disorder of GI tract with non-specific GI symptoms. While secondary hypogammaglobinemia is not an established complication of EGE, our case raises the question of whether patients diagnosed with EoE or EGE should additionally be screened for secondary hypogammaglobinemia and/or associated loss of immune titers to vaccines.

Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome are mirrored by changes in gut microbiome

ABSTRACT Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The pathophysiology is far from settled, but a gut microbial dysbiosis is hypothesized to be a contributing factor. We earlier published a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for IBS – the REFIT trial. The present data set describes the engraftment and includes participants from the study who received active FMT; 14 participants with effect of FMT (Effect) and 8 without (No effect). Samples were collected at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. Samples from the transplants (Donor) served as a comparator. In total 66 recipient samples and 17 donor samples were subjected to deep metagenomic sequencing, and taxonomic and functional analyses were performed. Alpha diversity measures showed a significantly increased diversity and evenness in the IBS groups compared to the donors. Taxonomic profiles showed higher relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes, and lower relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, compared to donors at baseline. This profile was shifted toward the donor profile following FMT. Imputed growth rates showed that the resulting growth pattern was a conglomerate of donor and recipient activity. Thirty-four functional subclasses showed distinct differences between baseline samples and donors, most of which were shifted toward a donor-like profile after FMT. All of these changes were less pronounced in the No effect group. We conclude that FMT induces long-term changes in gut microbiota, and these changes mirror the clinical effect of the treatment. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02154867).

Croton zambesicus Root Extract Exert Laxative Effect in Rats

Background: Croton zambesicus Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) is a medicinal plant used traditionally in the treatment of some ailments.
 Aim: The root extract of Croton zambesicus was evaluated for effect on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
 Materials and Methods: The root extract of C. zambesicus (27-81 mg/kg) was investigated for laxative effect in rats using different experimental models to study its effect on the GIT.
 Results: The extract was found to significantly increase the frequency and output of faecal matters in rats in all the experimental models studied.
 Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the root extract of C. zambesicus has a significant laxative effect and this supports its use in ethnomedicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders.

The efficiency of treatment with a combined chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride drug for knee and hip osteoarthritis: intermediate results of a Russian observational study

Objective: to assess pain dynamics, daily functional activity of joints, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis (KOA and HOA), who long take a combined glucosamine (GA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) drug in routine clinical practice.Patients and methods: An interim analysis of data from an open multicenter prospective non-interventional study that is being conducted in the Russian Federation was carried out. The study included patients with Kellgren–Lawrence Stages I–III KOA or HOA, who were treated with a combined GA and CS drug (Theraflex®). The interim analysis was based on the data obtained at 16–24 weeks of treatment (Visit 2) in 542 patients (50% of the total sample).Results and discussion. A study group included patients with KOA (n=399) or HOA (n=143) from 43 centers in Russia. At visit 2, the KOA/HOA patients showed positive changes in all subscales of the Knee disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS/Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) questionnaires compared to the baseline level. The proportion of patients with a ≥20% increase in different subscale scores ranged from 42.6 to 67.4% for KOA and from 47.6 to 66.4% for HOA.Most (89.1%) patients took Theraflex® for ≥3 months. 76,1% of patients were satisfied with treatment efficiency. Adverse events (AEs) related to treatment were recorded in 16 (3.0%) patients and included mainly gastrointestinal tract disorders in 12 (2.2%) cases.Conclusion. The results obtained at 16–24 weeks of Theraflex® treatment are indicative of a decrease in the frequency and intensity of pain and other symptoms of OA, as well as increases in joint functional activity and quality of life in patients with KOA or HOA after the first cycle of therapy. The majority of the patients were satisfied with the treatment. The incidence of drug-related AEs was low, while their nature was consistent with information on the drug's side effects.

Ameliorating and protective effects mesalazine on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in experimental rats

Gastric ulcer is a frequent gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder that affects about 10% of the world population. Drug candidates that can provide high efficacy and low toxicity are needed value for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers. The present study aimed to assess the protective effect of mesalazine against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. The rats were divided into five groups, normal, ethanolic, standard (recipient ranitidine 50 mg/kg), experimental groups 1, 2 (receive mesalazine at doses of 50 and 100, respectively). The protective effect of mesalazine was evaluated by the ulcer index, histological examinations, measurement of oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant systems, and some gastric mucosal protection factors.Pre-treatment of rats with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg Mesalazine (5-ASA) in experimental groups 1 and 2 increased the pH of gastric juice and reduced the gastric ulcer index compared to the ethanolic group. Also, the results indicated that mesalazine, reduced the tissue reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels, serum nitric oxide (NO), and increased the level of tissue NO and glutathione (GSH) and activity of Catalase (CAT), Based on these results, it can be concluded that mesalazine strengthens the antioxidant defense system of gastric mucosal cells during oxidative damage caused by ethanol.

Study Effect of Interlukin 17 on Microbiota that it Causes Disorder of Gastrointestinal Tract in Iraqi Patients

Study Effect of Interlukin 17 on Microbiota that it Causes Disorder of Gastrointestinal Tract in Iraqi Patients

Whole beetroot consumption reduces systolic blood pressure and modulates diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in older participants

BackgroundAge-associated decline in physiological function has been identified as the main factor increasing disease risk, including cardiovascular (CVD) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases. Nutritional interventions encompassing dietary inorganic nitrates, such as nitrate rich beetroot may reduce the risk for CVD and GIT. ObjectiveAssess the impact of whole beetroot on blood pressure (BP), microbiota profile and functional measures (physical and bowel). DesignThirty-six healthy participants were recruited (mean age 67 ± 6 years; body mass index (BMI) 25 ± 2 kg/m2) and assigned randomly to a beetroot (n = 19) or control group (n = 17). Beetroot group consumed 150 g of whole beetroot and a medium-sized banana and the control group consumed a medium-sized banana every second day for 8 weeks. Resting BP, microbiota profiling, physical activity, urinary nitrate, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and Bristol Stool Score (BSS) were measured at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. Plasma nitrate was measured at weeks 0 and 8. ResultsThe beetroot group had a resting systolic BP reduction of 8.0 mmHg (p = 0.03), lower relative abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes (p = 0.04), and a higher relative abundance of genus Alistipes (p = 0.03), increased Shannon diversity index (p = 0.03), fibre intake of 7 g/day (p < 0.01), nitrate intake 145 mg/day (p < 0.01), urinary nitrate of 460 μmol/L (p = 0.02) and SCFA concentrations (p < 0.05). However, 8 weeks of beetroot consumption did not have any impact upon functional measures, urine or plasma nitrate and BSS. ConclusionIn a randomised controlled trial, consuming whole beetroot for 8 weeks resulted in modification of risk factors for CVD and GIT disorders in older participants. Physical measures were unaffected and further assessment of more sensitive measures of functional performance are required to ascertain if whole beetroot may offer additional physiological benefits in older populations. Although the data here is promising, further mechanistic studies and larger clinical trials are required to confirm the findings.

Study of the lactose intolerance genetic aspects among the population and patients with hip fracture in eastern Ukraine

About 75 % of the world’s population loses ability to lactose tolerance in adulthood. The study of tolerance to lactose (LT) or lactase persistence (LP) in Ukrainians is necessary to identify the association of this trait with multifactorial pathologies, the formation of risk groups and food culture development. The aim of study was to evaluate the genetic aspects of lactose deficiency in population and its relation with human pathologies on the example of a hip fracture. Material and methods: lactose intolerance phenotype was found in 9.7 % of Ukrainians and lactose persistence amounted to 69.4 %. In group of patients with fractures of the proximal femur frequencies were: 13910T – 0.34,13910C – 0.66, 22018A- 0.35, 22018G – 0.65. Distribution of genotypes was 0 % :67.6 % : 32.4 % for TT:CT:CC and 2.9 % : 64.7 % : 32.4 %, for AA:GA:GG. Deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not observed. Results: when analyzed genotypes for both SNPs, we found the ratio - CTAA:CTGA:CCGA:CCGG being 2.9 % : 61.7 % : 2.9 % : 32.5 %. The linkage disequilibrium was estimated, D’ (r2) for SNPs analyzed was 0.209 (0.554). A half of patients had osteoporosis or osteopenia (n=50.0 %), but these pathologies were not observed in patients with the TTAA genotype. The values BMD of CTGA patients were 4049.8±38.7 and 4109.6±30.0 for CCGG patients. Conclusion: all patients with osteoporosis had a genotype CTGA, average value of BMD was 3795.6±43.8. CTGA-patients had following gastrointestinal tract disorders: gastritis (33.3 %), peptic ulcer (9.5 %), duodenal ulcer (9.5 %), stomach cancer (9.5 %). Heterozygous genotypes significantly increase five times the risk of gastrointestinal pathology in patients with fractures of the proximal femur

Antioxidant Potential of Ziziphora Clinopodioides Lam: A Narrative Review

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by many redox processes that normally occur in the metabolism of aerobic cells. They are highly reactive and harmful to normal cells. If not eliminated, they can damage important molecules, such as DNA and proteins. These harmful effects of free radicals can be blocked by antioxidants, which scavenge the free radicals and detoxify the organism. Plants and plant-derived products contain a wide range of phytochemicals, such as antioxidants, which are thought to have a protective role against the risk of oxidative stress-related diseases. Oxidative stress is an important contributor to the pathophysiology of a variety of pathological conditions such as arteriosclerosis, cancer, gastrointestinal tract disorders, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, nephritis, neurodegenerative disease, and inflammatory injury. Recently, interest has considerably increased in finding naturally occurring antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants, which were restricted due to their adverse reactions such as carcinogenesis. Natural products have been the basis to treat some human diseases. There is emerging interest in the use of naturally occurring antioxidants for the management of a number of these pathophysiological conditions. Among the various natural sources, endemic medicinal plant species are of particular interest because they may be used for producing raw materials or preparations containing phytochemicals with significant antioxidant capacities and possible health benefits. Ziziphora Clinopodioides, known as Kakuti-e kuhi, Ankh, Lip vanilla, and mountain mint, is a wild flowering plant of Lamiaceae family. It is native to the parts of Iran and Iraq. In traditional medicine of Iran, this plant has been used to treat stomach and gastrointestinal pain, inflammatory, and cardiovascular disease, asthma, cough, bronchitis, insomnia, colds, flu, and other infectious diseases. In this paper, published antioxidant activities of Z. Clinopodioides were reviewed.

Dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 alters the intestinal microbiota and metabolites in weaned piglets.

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis (BS) DSM 32315 on the intestinal microbiota composition and metabolites of weaned pigs. Sixty-four piglets were allocated to two groups (control and BS), each group including eight replicates with four piglets. Dietary BS DSM 32315 increased (P<0·05) the abundances of jejunal Leucobacter and Cupriavidus, ileal Thermus, Coprococcus and Bifidobacterium, as well as colonic Succiniclasticum; and increased the concentrations of ileal straight-chain fatty acids, colonic propionate, branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), and tyramine, but decreased (P<.05) the colonic indole concentration. The ileal and colonic microbial community structure tended to cluster into two groups. LEfSe analysis identified five microbial biomarkers in jejunum and eight biomarkers in ileum in the BS group, and three biomarkers in colon in the control group. The ileal Bifidobacterium abundance was positively correlated (P<0·05) with isovalerate concentration, while the colonic Actinobacteria and Lactobacillus abundances were negatively correlated (P<0·05) with indole concentration. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with BS DSM 32315 could alter the diversity, composition, and metabolites of intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets. Weaned piglets are often accompanied with impaired gastrointestinal tract and intestinal disorder affecting their growth. This study demonstrated that dietary BS DSM 32315 presented a beneficial role in gut health via regulating intestinal microbiota composition and metabolites.