Gas Turbine Plant Research Articles

Evaluation of the effectiveness of technological measures to manage the risk to public health when exposed to atmospheric emissions of multi-fuel combined heat and power plants

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of technological measures to manage the risk to public health of exposure to atmospheric emissions from multi-fuel combined heat and power plants (CHP).
 METHODS: The study involved modeling the dispersion of emissions from the thermal power plants, calculation of surface concentrations, assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to public health, and estimating the relative risk of mortality, referrals and hospitalizations based on WHO guidelines on atmospheric air quality. Predictive scenarios were constructed for thermal power plants, including the initial state, modernization with the help of technological and sanitary measures, and changes in the structure of the fuel balance.
 RESULTS: The use of low-temperature vortex fuel combustion technology in combination with a modernized dust and gas cleaning system significantly (p 0.001) decreased the predicted carcinogenic risk index by an average of 80.67%, non-carcinogenic risk index by 78.84%, and relative mortality risks and referrals to medical organizations by more than 80%. The use of a gas turbine plant increased the production of electric energy by 72.23%, thermal energy by 4.89%, and significantly (p 0.001) reduced the level of carcinogenic risk by 4460%, non-carcinogenic risk by 3547%, and relative risks of mortality, visits to medical organizations and hospitalizations by 3364%.
 CONCLUSION: The use of the best available technologies to modernize multi-fuel CHP plants significantly reduces the level of risk to public health while it increases the production of electric and thermal energy and maintaining the advantage of using both solid and gaseous fuels.

Exergetic Sustainability Analysis of a Naphtha-Based Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP)

In today’s scenario, ensuring sustainability of energy system particularly in the field of power generation is a major concern, and in this regard, exergy analysis is widely accepted tool. For this purpose, first, a comprehensive performance is carried out between two gas turbine plants, i.e., GT2 (case I) and GT1 (case II) using various exergy performance parameters. Further, a comprehensive performance evaluation is carried out between three cases; GT2 (case I), GT1 (case II) and CCPP (case III) using different sustainability indicators such as exergy efficiency, waste exergy ratio, exergy destruction factor and recoverable exergy ratio. Results demonstrate that exergetic sustainability index of combined cycle power plant (CCPP) is 0.45 when compared with GT2 (0.29) and GT1 (0.28). The increased sustainability index is because of the incorporation of a bottoming cycle, which ultimately decreases waste exergy ratio and leads to an increase in exergy efficiency and sustainability index of CCPP.

Development of Solutions for Increasing the Combustion Efficiency of Hydrogen in Water Vapor in a Hydrogen-Oxygen Steam Superheater

The study is aimed at revealing the specific features of the burning of hydrogen with oxygen in a water-vapor atmosphere. The purpose of the study is to define the optimal values for diluting the burning mixture with water vapor in the active burnout zone, providing the minimal values of incomplete combustion. Modeling of burning processes was carried out with the use of kinetic mechanisms in the Ansys Chemkin-Pro software. The result of the study was the definition of critical water vapor content in a burning mixture as 60% fraction of total mass with, obtaining dependencies of key parameters of the burning process within a wide range. The mechanism of chemical kinetics was selected for further modeling in a three-dimensional setting, and tasks for the formulation of requirements and methods for the design of efficient hydrogen combustion chambers were set up for 500 MW gas turbine plants at a supercritical pressure of 20 MPa or higher.

The use of full-scale tensometry for studying the stress state of new power equipment

Creation of the new generation of power equipment (nuclear reactors, gas turbine plants, special power plants) with increased operational parameters and meeting high safety requirements, entails the goal of creating novel domestic methods for determining stresses and strains that occur in the most critical elements during operation of such installations. The new approaches, including the restoration and development of domestic competencies in the creation of means for experimental control of deformations in elements of the equipment at high temperatures are proposed. The results of developing indirect methods providing determination of the deformations at the most critical points of the structure based on solutions of the inverse problems of experimental mechanics are presented. Improved algorithms for processing experimental information and determining strains from measured stresses are considered for the case of inelastic behavior of the structural material in the zones of tensometric measurements. The improved hermetic strain gauges resistant to lead and sodium coolant are proposed for experimental determination of the deformations that occur on the internal surfaces of the liquid metal coolant circulation circuit of new nuclear reactors of BN and BREST types. The results of tests of the developed measuring instruments in liquid sodium medium at a temperature of 540°C during bench tests are presented. In conditions of increased requirements for assessing the effect of the strain gauge creep on the measurement results obtained at high temperatures, a stand design has been developed that makes it possible to determine the boundaries of a possible error at temperatures up to 600°C under dynamic loading of the structure. To determine the stresses arising at dangerous points of the heat exchange equipment of BN type reactors located in inaccessible areas of the inner surface of the facility, an iterative algorithm for solving the inverse problem of thermoelasticity is proposed, using the measured values of stresses and temperatures on the outer surface of the structure. A set of improvements to the traditional method of full-scale tensometric study is proposed proceeding from of the analysis and implementation of the data obtained.

Insight into the relationship between non-linear mixed convection and thermal radiation: The case of Newtonian fluid flow due to non-linear stretching

The current research focuses the light on the characterization of buoyancy-driven non-linear mixed convection and non-linear radiation in a Newtonian flow over a non-linearly stretching vertical sheet, and this type of flow has useful applications in many industrial processes, such as the paper and pulp industry, polymer industry, electronic device cooling, solar collectors, gas turbine plants, and nuclear power. Using appropriate transformations, governing PDEs for non-linear mixed convection are reduced to higher-order non-linear ODEs and those are numerically solved. Along with tabular presentations of computed results, the graphical representations are generated to elucidate the effects of involved parameters on convection transport properties and their inter-relations. It demonstrates that flow velocity increases near the surface and decreases away from the surface as the non-linear convection parameter increases. Furthermore, increments in the thermal buoyancy, temperature ratio and non-linear radiation parameters result in the boost of velocity. The temperature decreases as linear and non-linear buoyancy-related parameters (non-linear convection and thermal buoyancy parameters) are of higher levels. In contrast, the temperature rises with two non-linear thermal radiation-related parameters (thermal ratio and non-linear radiation parameters). For greater values of the non-linear stretching related parameter, a lower velocity and a higher temperature are witnessed. The non-linear convection, thermal buoyancy, thermal ratio and non-linear radiation parameters contribute toward the reduction of the magnitude of surface-drag force and growth of the surface cooling rate. But, with the non-linearity in surface stretching there are significant percentage hikes of surface-drag force magnitude and surface cooling rate.

Разработка математической модели газотурбинной установки с малоэмиссионной камерой сгорания и особенности ее интеграции в среду SimInTech

The results of the development of a mathematical model of a gas turbine plant (GTP) SGT5-4000F with an annular low-emission combustion chamber are presented. This plant has a low NOx emission and a high coefficient of performance (COP). The obtained results of mathematical modeling are integrated into the domestic environment of dynamic modeling of technical systems "SimInTech". The obtained results were verified by comparing the model values with the trends of the real technological parameters of the gas turbine unit taken from the archive of the automated process control system of the power plant. According to the results of the experimental studies carried out on the model with changes in the electrical load from 280 to 160 MW, it is shown that the model allows you to control the combustion process in the combustion chamber, depending on the composition of the fuel, evaluate the change in NOx emissions and provide an analysis of the stability of the gas turbine compressor according to surging in conditions of changing temperature and humidity of the incoming air.

Techno-Economic Comparison of Several Technologies for Waste Heat Recovery of Gas Turbine Exhausts

Abstract The waste heat recovery from the gas turbine (GT) exhaust is typical for increasing performance and reducing CO2 emissions in industrial facilities. Nowadays, numerous already operating gas turbine plants could be retrofitted and upgraded with a bottoming cycle powered by the exhaust gasses. In this case, the standard solution would be to use a water steam Rankine cycle. However, even if this technology usually yields the best efficiency, other alternatives are often preferred on the lower size scale. Organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) are the commercial alternatives to steam Rankine cycles, but many other alternative cycles exist or can be developed, with potential benefits from safety, technical or economic points of view. This study compares several alternative technologies suited to recover gas turbine waste heat, and a detailed cost analysis for each is presented. On this basis, a guideline is proposed for the technology choice considering a wide range of application sizes and temperature levels typical for waste heat recovery from gas turbines. The compared technologies are ORCs, Rankine cycles (RCs) with water and ammonia mixtures at constant composition, supercritical CO2 cycles (sCO2), sCO2 cycles with mixtures of CO2 and other gasses. As it resulted, ORCs can achieve the lowest levelized cost of energy (32 $/MWh–46 $/MWh) if flammable fluids can be employed. Otherwise, Rankine cycles with a constant composition mixture of water and ammonia are a promising alternative, reaching a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 36–58 $/MWh.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Associated Gas Fueled Fleets of Reheat Gas Turbine Plants

Techno-Economic Assessment of Associated Gas Fueled Fleets of Reheat Gas Turbine Plants

Features of Studying Coating Strength and Methods Increasing Its Indicators with Plasma Spraying Working Bodies of Gas Turbine Engines and Plants

Features of Studying Coating Strength and Methods Increasing Its Indicators with Plasma Spraying Working Bodies of Gas Turbine Engines and Plants

РОЗРОБКА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ТА АЛГОРИТМІВ КОРИГУВАННЯ МОДЕЛІ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ТА ЦИВІЛЬНИХ ОБ’ЄКТІВ

The purpose of the work is the development of algorithms and information tools to increase the reliability of istribution electric networks and improve the quality of electricity supply of industrial and civil objects due to decentralized Electricity generation. Today, for the energy security of Ukraine, the energy sector is moving from a purely centralized model of electricity supply to consumers, the basis of which are powerful TPPs and nuclear power plants, to a combined one, when part of the electricity is produced by decentralized generation in RES sources of electricity. By distributed generation (RG) we understand sources of electric energy connected directly to the distribution network or connected to such a network from the side of electricity consumers. The wide spread of distributed generation is primarily associated with the appearance of highly efficient gas turbine and steam-gas plants and the development of renewable sources of electricity. Among them, wind power plants (SPP) and direct conversion solar power plants (SPP) have become the most widespread. The introduction of RG in electrical networks, especially built on the basis of renewable energy sources (RES), in addition to reducing the ecological burden on the environment and solving many problems associated with waste emissions during the production of electricity, will allow, firstly, to significantly increase the efficiency of the use of primary resources and , in the future, to reduce the cost of electricity; secondly, it will unload both the system-forming and trunk and distribution electric networks. However, this process has both positive and negative consequences for the functioning of RES. The integration of RES into the electric power system is complicated by the fact that the existing RES were designed and operated with a focus on centralized power supply. The growth of the share of RES in the total balance of electricity generates new problems and tasks that are not typical for the past period. They are connected, first of all, with the instability of RES generation due to their natural dependence on the influence of the environment.

Power-heat conversion coordinated control of combined-cycle gas turbine with thermal energy storage in district heating network

Thermal energy storage, with its low energy storage cost and wide distribution in industrial processes, is an effective way to improve the operational flexibility of power plants. Due to colossal energy storage capacity and small deployment costs, this article proposes connecting district heating networks to combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plants as a thermal energy storage capacity, improving the flexibility of CCGTs. The main focus here is on developing an appropriate control strategy to effectively control the power-heat conversion, meet the heat and power demands of the connected network, and the operational flexibility of the plant. The major problem is that the intrinsic static and dynamic conversion relationship of power and heat in the CCGT and district heating network and the buildings are multi-factor interactive and unknown. Therefore, the CCGT bottom cycle and district heating network, and building models were built to obtain the power-heat conversion parameters and the dynamic model for control design. Then, the energy storage coefficient of 0.105 MW/kg/s is obtained through the model simulation instead of a complex thermodynamic calculation, corresponding to the 113.22 GJ energy storage capacity of the district heating network. Based on the obtained conversion rules, a new control strategy called ‘conversion coordinated control’ is designed and applied, using load signal decomposition and synergistic load response of flue gas mass flow rate and steam extraction valve. The simulation results show that the proposed method can promote a ramping load rate of 8.6 MW/min in the first 30 s with only 0.3 °C building temperature variation. The control strategy can effectively reduce the gap between the grid demand and CCGT power and ensure grid stability without compromising thermal users’ comfort.

Techno-economic analysis of combined cycle power plants for electricity generation in Nigeria

This paper presents a techno-economic approach to readily assess the profitability or otherwise of combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) for increased electricity production in Nigeria. As a case study for this analysis, a combined cycle gas turbine plant with 650MW installed capacity at Afam VI power station is used to evaluate the installation of a 1000MW and 1500MW CCPP economically. The results and analysis determined a Levelized cost of electricity of N41.57k/KWh and N34.09k/KWh for the 1500MW and 1000MW CCPP, respectively. It signifies an increase of 33.33% and 66.67% in the cost of electricity per kWh between the 1000MW and 1500MW plant capacities respectively, relative to the 650MW CCPP. Therefore, the low LCOE makes it economically viable to install the 1000MW CCPP for electricity production in the country. The paper also proposes upgrading existing gas-fired power plants in the country into combined cycle power plants for improved electricity supply.

Ignition and combustion characteristics of coal - water fuels based on coal & semi-coke

AnnotationThe article presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the ignition processes of coal- water fuel (CWF) drops made from coals of various degrees of metamorphism and coal semi-coke of these coals. It is shown that the preliminary torrefaction of coal leads to a significant improvement in environmental performance (50–60% reduction in flue gas concentrations of the main anthropogenic coal combustion products: nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur SOx) of coal- water fuel combustion processes. This effect is most pronounced during the combustion of CWF based on lignite. Also, according to the results of the experiments, the ignition delay times of typical droplets (in the initial state), and then particles (after drying the near-surface fuel layer) of coal- water fuel s based on coals and coal semi-coke were established. It has been established that the ignition delay times of coal- water fuel particles based on pre-torrefied coals at relatively low ambient temperatures (Tg≤873 K) are on average 20% higher than when igniting CWF droplets based on natural coal. Under conditions of high-temperature heating, the ignition delay times of CWF particles made from natural coal and semi-coke differ insignificantly (no more than 2%).Based on the results of the experimental studies, a mathematical model of the ignition process of a coal- water fuel drop based on semi-coke was developed, which differs from the known ones in a relatively simple description of the most significant processes of thermal preparation and ignition, but at the same time retains a fairly high predictive potential. Using the previously developed method of quasi-stationary "thermal approximation" with the selection of an asymptotic estimate, an analytical solution is derived for the essentially nonlinear problem of coal- water fuel droplet ignition. ColloquiumAn analysis of modern political discourse shows that the information entropy associated with the problem of the anthropogenic impact of mankind on the planet's atmosphere as a result of the operation of energy facilities is constantly growing. At the same time, the constant growth of energy consumption in the world makes it necessary to introduce more and more new heat and power generating capacities. For a long time (the last 30 years) it was believed that the solution to all energy problems is the large-scale introduction of non-traditional renewable energy sources (solar batteries and wind power generators - RES) into the overall balance of energy generation. However, recent events in North America and Western Europe show that the potential for using renewable energy sources is significantly limited, and electricity generation from these renewable energy sources is still significantly unstable. In this regard, a new impetus for development is acquiring coal energy. However, the main problem of coal power engineering, the anthropogenic impact of thermal power plants on the planet's atmosphere, remains unresolved. This situation creates prerequisites for the development of new "clean" coal technologies with complete sequestration of anthropogenic emissions generated during coal combustion. This article presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the combustion processes of coal-water suspensions prepared from pre-torrefied coals. As a result of preliminary thermal (pyrolysis under conditions of high-temperature heating in an inert environment) preparation of coal, gaseous pyrolysis products are formed and removed into the external environment, a large proportion of which are hydrogen sulfide (the main source of sulfur oxides) and hydrocyanic acid (the main source of nitrogen oxides). After the preliminary pyrolysis of coal, a mixture of coke carbon and the mineral part of coal remains. When burning a coal-water suspension based on torrefied coal, only carbon dioxide and water vapor are formed. The latter can be relatively easily condensed and returned back to the power generation cycle (or disposed of). Accordingly, the combustion of CWF based on torrefied coal creates the prerequisites for the fundamental justification of the technology for environmentally friendly combustion of coal in the combustion chambers of gas turbine plants operating on the Allam cycle.

Optimization-based investigation of different repurposing concepts for Austrian coal-fired power plants

Even though the current war in Ukraine has led to a short-time renaissance of coal-fired power plants, the age of coal-based power generation is about to end. Nevertheless, the coal-fired power plants no longer needed for their original purpose are still valuable assets. In this paper, we consider three technological approaches for repurposing them: gas-to-power (operation of combined cycle gas turbine plants), power-to-gas (operation of electrolysis plants for feeding hydrogen into the gas grid), and a combination of the two technologies mentioned above. Our aim is to find optimal operating modes in terms of profit for the three approaches. For this, we use a mixed-integer linear multi-variable optimization model and time-resolved price forecasts for electricity and gas for 2030 and 2040. Our results show that, also in future energy systems, gas-to-power plants allow for economic benefits: In times of district heat demand, they operate in the spot market and profit from dual revenues. Balance and ancillary markets allow for additional revenues from the capacity provision. Power-to-gas plants do not show the same good economic performance. However, they allow for an economically sound operation and gain most of their profits in the spot market. Compared to the others, combined plants do not offer economic advantages. In our paper, we also investigate the currently high energy price situation. It allows for payback periods of power-to-gas plants as anticipated for 2040. For this reason, long-term high prices may accelerate the deployment of such future technologies.

Improvement of Governing Control System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller in a CCGT Plant

In recent decades, there are considerable progressions research in modelling, simulation and control strategies. The advanced technologies in the combined cycle power plants offers more effectiveness and lower environmental effect compared to the conventional systems. Fuzzy logic control is one of the frequently advanced controllers may well improve the performance of the control system in the power plant. This study focuses on the improvement of governing control system by using fuzzy logic controller. Thus, a combined cycle gas turbine plant has been modelled and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink, and a fuzzy logic controller was implemented. The simulation results are compared with that of conventional PID controller tuned by Ziegler Nichols method.

Research and Development of the Combined Cycle Power Plants Working on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Today, the use of combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plants allows the most efficient conversion of the chemical heat of fossil fuels for generating electric power. In turn, the combined cycle efficiency is largely dependent on the working flow temperature upstream of a gas turbine. Thus, the net electric efficiency of advanced foreign-made CCGT plants can exceed 63%, whereas the net efficiency of domestic combined-cycle power plants is still relatively low. A promising method to increase the heat performance of CCGT plants may be their conversion from a steam heat carrier to a carbon dioxide one. In this paper, we have presented the results of thermodynamic research of a promising combined plant with two carbon dioxide heat recovery circuits based on the GTE-160 gas turbine plant (GTP). We have determined the pressure values that are optimal in terms of the net efficiency upstream and downstream of Brayton cycle turbines using supercritical carbon dioxide with recompression (30 and 8.5 MPa) and base version (38 and 8.0 MPa). The percentage of recompression was 32%. Based on the results of mathematical simulation of heat circuits, we have found out that the use of the solutions suggested allows the increase of the power plant’s net efficiency by 2.4% (up to 51.6%).

Transient analysis of a direct cycle nuclear heated gas turbine plant with nitrogen coolant

This paper investigates the thermodynamic cycle compatibility of combining a modified commercial gas turbine with a prismatic High Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) with a nitrogen coolant. In-addition the paper investigates the transient response of the combined reactor and turbine combination against operational power transients for a variety of control methodologies. The analysis methodology utilises turbine gas dynamics, lumped thermal mass and a point reactor kinetic model built within the Matlab and Simulink modelling environment. Design point data from commercial gas turbine data sheets provide the key turbine gas dynamic parameters enabling transient performance estimates of output power coolant mass flow and heat transfer properties of the direct cycle reactor plant. The methods permit simple assessment of a variety of currently available gas turbine products for use within a nitrogen cooled direct cycle prismatic HTGR. The combination of a Siemens SGT 600 gas turbine with a ∼ 45MWth prismatic HTGR is illustrated and considered to have potential as an overall plant combination. The transient analysis explored a novel control approach where characteristics of both inventory and turbine bypass control features were combined, delivering both fast and proportional power control within a single control system, whilst maintaining high part load system efficiency. Furthermore, when combined with passive reactivity control based on the core negative temperature coefficient, the control method was shown to reduce overall core thermal transients experienced during power level changes. The proposed design illustrates the potential for minimising development risk associated with the direct cycle HTGR through direct use of current commercial gas turbine products, whilst using negative temperature coefficients for reactivity control and maintaining a simple turbine control system design.

Analysis of the combustion characteristics of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels based on the results of numerical simulation

At present, an upward trend in the field of studying the processes of hydrogen combustion in the combustion chambers of the ground-based gas turbine power plants is obvious. The use of pure hydrogen as a fuel gas would solve the problem of environmental decarbonization. One of the emerging problems is to ensure the stable combustion of such fuels in combustion chambers of various applications. The information-analytical review of studies showed that there is a large number of theoretical and experimental results on the diffusion and homogeneous combustion of hydrogen and hydrogen-containing fuels in various burners and combustion chambers, which are not part of the existing gas turbine power plants. The purpose of this work is a comparative analysis of the gas-dynamic and emission characteristics of the combustion of the hydrogen-air and methane-air components based on the results of numerical simulation of a convertible combustion chamber of a 75 kW microgas turbine power plant. This goal is achieved by numerical simulation of the diffusion combustion of hydrogen and methane with air in a convertible combustion chamber. The most significant result of the work is obtaining the isosurface of the flame, which made it possible to obtain the conditions for stable combustion in the form of the Damköhler criterion and the ratio of the midsection velocity to the velocity of turbulent combustion. The significance of the results obtained lies in the further development of the methodology for the conversion of megawatt-class gas turbine plants to hydrogen and hydrogencontaining fuels.

Effect of γ' particles morphology on dynamic strain aging behavior of Udimet 500 superalloy

The Udimet 500 superalloy is a promising candidate material for power plant gas turbine blades due to its excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures. However, dynamic strain aging (DSA) behavior of the Udimet 500 superalloy during high-temperature tensile test has not been investigated so far. In the present study, the effect of γ' particles size and volume fraction on dynamic strain aging behavior of the Udimet 500 superalloy were investigated in the terms of serration frequency and magnitude. The serrated flow was observed in the stress-strain curves during plastic straining at 800 °C. The results illustrated that the γ' particles morphology has significant effect on serration frequency, serration magnitude, and fracture mechanism of the Udimet 500 superalloy. Although, the serration frequency decreased with reducing γ' particles size and increasing γ' particles volume fraction, the serration magnitude increased. The governing mechanism for dynamic strain aging of the Udimet 500 superalloy have been proposed by dislocation interactions with solute atoms and γ' particles. Furthermore, a non-zero work hardening rate is observed during Lüders elongation which was attributed to high volume fraction of γ' particles in precipitation strengthened superalloys. The effect of dynamic strain aging on fracture mechanism was also investigated. When dynamic strain aging was absent, the dimples initiated at the γ/γ' interfaces during room temperature tensile test. Dynamic strain aging inhibits dimples formation at the γ/γ' interfaces.

Research and Development of Trinary Power Cycles

The most effective and environmentally safe fossil fuel power production facilities are the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) ones. Electric efficiency of advanced facilities is up to 58% in Russia and up to 64% abroad. The further improvement of thermal efficiency by increase of the gas turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is limited by performance of heat resistance alloys that are used for the hot gas path components and the cooling system efficiency. An alternative method for the CCGT efficiency improvement is utilization of low potential heat of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) exhaust gas in an additional cycle operating on a low-boiling heat carrier. This paper describes a thermodynamic analysis of the transition from binary cycles to trinary ones by integration of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). A mathematical model of a cooled gas turbine plant (GT) has been developed to carry out calculations of high-temperature energy complexes. Based on the results of mathematical modeling, recommendations were made for the choice of the structure and parameters of the steam turbine cycle, as well as the ORC, to ensure the achievement of the maximum thermal efficiency of trinary plants. It is shown that the transition from a single pressure CCGT to a trinary plant allows the electric power increase from 213.4 MW to 222.7 MW and the net efficiency increase of 2.14%. The trinary power facility has 0.45% higher efficiency than the dual pressure CCGT.