Gas Production Complex Research Articles

Socio-Ecological Consequences of Irrational Nature Use in the North of Western Siberia in the 1990s

The article is devoted to the analysis of environmental problems that arose as a result of the industrial development of the North of Western Siberia in the 1990s. The consequences of active, irrational use of natural resources in North-West Siberia for water, land resources and the atmosphere are considered. Based on the analysis of previously unpublished archival materials of the environmental prosecutor’s office of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, the author has established that the period of the 1990s had many environmental problems, including those related to the oil and gas production complex and human negligence. It is concluded that the main pollutant in the studied region was oil and oil products. Among the environmental problems, a special place is occupied by the pollution of soils and water resources, the violation of the balance of the ecosystem. Against this background, social problems arise: problems with the health of the population, a decrease in the quality of life, a decrease in opportunities for recreation, nature tourism and recreation; the emergence of additional factors of social inequality and social tension. At the same time, the author does not deny the economic importance of oil production and proposes to more actively introduce mechanisms for sustainable environmental management. The author’s research contributes to the development of ecological history in the North of Western Siberia.

DETERMINATION OF OPERATING PARAMETERS OF A CRYOGENIC TANK FOR LOW-TONNAGE STORAGE OF LNG

In the modern world, the gas industry plays a key role in the fuel and energy complex of any country, ensuring energy security and economic development. With the constant consumption of natural gas, there is a need for efficient methods of its transportation and storage. One of the ways of transportation and storage of natural gas is its liquefaction.In the case of low-tonnage liquefied natural gas (LNG) production complexes, where we are talking about small volumes of production of the order of several thousand tons of LNG per year, in comparison with large-tonnage production, where productivity amounts to millions of tons of LNG per year, the efficiency of storage processes comes to the fore, as this allows for reliable and economically feasible operation of small-scale LNG complexes.In this context, determining the operating parameters of cryogenic tanks for low-tonnage storage of liquefied natural gas is becoming an urgent research topic. The method of storing cryogenic products in semi-insulated tanks has a number of advantages, such as low energy consumption, high efficiency, and long storage time.This article is devoted to determining the parameters of the cryogenic tank operation during low-tonnage storage of liquefied natural gas. The study is aimed at determining the parameters of the cryogenic tank operation based on the calculated heat flow to the stored LNG. In this paper, the authors developed and compared various calculation schemes of heat inflow, which considered such factors as heat transfer by radiation, convection and conduction, including heat inflows to LNG through thermal bridges and from the combined-cycle phase of stored liquefied gas.The result of the study is the revealed method for determining the heat flow to LNG stored in a cryogenic tank, which is optimal in terms of the accuracy of the results obtained and the simplicity of calculations. The results of this study can be used in the further development of storage technologies for both liquefied natural gas and other industrial gases.

CONTAINER STORAGE AS AN ELEMENT OF ENHANCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND A STATE POLICY TOOL FOR DEALING WITH TECHNOLOGICALLY ENHANCED SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION

In order to implement the state environmental policy and ensure environmental safety, a number of normative legal acts, laws and state standards have been implemented on the territory of Ukraine. Special attention was paid to the State Targeted Environmental Program for the Management of Radioactive Waste, the main principle of which is the implementation of the protection of the population and the natural environment in order to create safe conditions for the existence of current and future generations and ensure sustainable development. The article highlights the results of research and development works on the development and certification of a set of packaging type IR-2 for the transportation and temporary storage of low- and medium-level solid radioactive waste KTTZ-NS-1-02.00.00, as a key element of environmental protection technologies during handling with radioactive waste. The urgent task of handling radioactive waste, which is caused by the accumulation of a significant amount of sludge in the territories of the oil and gas production complex enterprises and requires temporary storage and transportation, has been solved, as a prerequisite for increasing the efficiency of ensuring the environmental safety of the mentioned objects of formation. The technical characteristics of the packaging kit are described in detail, schematic drawings are provided, and the main parameters and dimensions of the developed packaging kit type IR-2 are provided. The scheme of the main stages of the testing of this packaging set and the certificates obtained as a result of such work, which were carried out jointly with representatives of the State Inspection of Nuclear Regulation, are presented. The developed packaging set significantly exceeds the performance of the packaging set currently used in temporary storage facilities. Keywords: environmental safety, technogenically enhanced radioactive waste, protection technologies, containers, low- and medium-level waste.

Some factors of chronic social stress in male expeditionary-workers in the Arctic territories of the Tyumen region (pilot study)

The expeditionary-shift method of organizing labor involves an increase in the intensity of work during the shift, a longer work shift, a decrease in inter-shift rest in the absence of days off and minimal social and domestic provision, and, accordingly, a pronounced impact of chronic social stress factors. Aim of the study was to investigate the parameters of stress at work and in the family among men aged 25–54, employed in expeditionary-shift work in the arctic territories of the Tyumen region.Material and methods. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted on an organized population of men aged 25–54 years, employed in expeditionary-shift work for more than five years at one of the industrial enterprises of the Tyumen region (n = 203). The comparison group consisted of an organized population of men in the same age range working permanently in the city of Tyumen (n = 239). Determination of stress at work and stress in the family was carried out according to the standard WHO questionnaire MONICA-psychosocial.Results and discussion. Among men employed in the expeditionary-shift form of work, most often over the previous 12 months, a change in specialty was established, an increase in the load and responsibility at the workplace, a more negative attitude towards work, an increase in conflicts with subordinates, but also the possibility of rest after a working day with a decrease in ‘other” changes at work; according to the parameters of stress in the family, among them a change in marital status, an increase in conflicts in the family and at the same time opportunities for a relaxing home rest were most often determined.Conclusions. Thus, the results of the pilot study, which determined a significantly higher prevalence of some factors of chronic social stress after five years of work in the arctic territories of the Tyumen region, should become a scientific basis for the formation of a socially oriented preventive program to reduce the risks of developing cardiovascular diseases among workers in the oil and gas production complex employed by the expedition-shift form of work.

About Some Social Characteristics of Chronic Stress of Shift Workers in the Arctic Conditions

The expeditionary-shift method of organizing labor involves an increase in the intensity of labor during the shift, a longer work shift, a decrease in inter-shift rest in the absence of days off and minimal social and domestic security. The article is devoted to the study of the parameters of stress at work and in the family among men aged 25-54, employed in expeditionary-shift work in the Arctic territories of the Tyumen region. A sociological study was conducted on an organized population of men aged 25-54, employed in expeditionary-shift work for more than five years at one of the industrial enterprises of the Tyumen region. The comparison group consisted of an organized population of men in the same age range, working permanently in the city of Tyumen. Determination of stress at work and stress in the family was carried out according to the WHO standard questionnaire MONICA-psychosocial (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease - Optional Psychosocial Sybstudy). Among the men employed in the expeditionary-shift form of work, most often over the previous period of twelve months, a change in specialty was established, an increase in the load and responsibility at the workplace, a more negative attitude towards work, an increase in conflicts with subordinates, but also the possibility of rest after working day while reducing "other" changes at work. According to the parameters of stress in the family, among men employed in expeditionary-shift work, over the previous period of twelve months, a change in marital status, an increase in conflicts in the family, but also opportunities for a relaxing home rest were most often determined. Thus, the obtained results of a sociological study, which determined a significantly higher prevalence of some factors of chronic social stress after five years of work in the Arctic territories of the Tyumen region, should become a scientific basis for the formation of a socially oriented preventive program to reduce the risks of developing CVD among workers in the oil and gas production complex employed in expeditionary - shift form of work.

Salekhard operational site in 1950-1960

The article examines the process of formation of the future Salekhard river port, starting from the moment of formation of the operational site there until the end of the 1960s, when the active urbanization of YaNAO began. Extremely specific features of the functioning of river transport in the circumpolar regions are described. The role of the Salekhard operational site as one of the logistics centers of YANАO, as well as an important transit point for the transfer of river vessels to the Ob-Irtysh basin through the Northern Sea Route is noted. The dynamics of cargo turnover is given, indicating the steady economic growth achieved by YaNAO in the 1950s and 1960s. There are also similar statistics on the work of the river fleet in the Gulf of Ob. The interdepartmental interaction of river transport with its customers from other sectors of the economy is reflected. The analysis of the personnel shows that, despite the fluidity characteristic of river enterprises of that time, they reflect the size of the enterprise and, together with the dynamics of cargo turnover, allow us to reflect the scale of the work done on the construction of a gas production complex in the north of Western Siberia. As a result, we can say that in the period of the 1950s and 1960s, river transport successfully fulfilled its functions of supplying the northern regions with goods necessary for the economic revival of the district.

Research of current distribution by phases in asynchronous electric motor with a combined winding

THE PURPOSE. To consider the features of power supply system of oil and gas production complex, variety of layout of electrical complexes of producing wells. To develop a universal methodology for determining optimal voltage value in power supply center, that is, on substation power bus.METHODS. When calculating voltage in power supply center, which provides a certain amount of voltage on stator of most remote electric motor, method of equalizing potentials in nodes of outgoing line was used when calculating loads of elements of electrical complexes of producing wells. The development of a methodology for calculating optimal voltage of power supply center was carried out using the method of cognition, which was called ascent from simple to complex. The search for optimal voltage value of power supply center must be carried out by numerical methods with involvement of a software product that allows use of search algorithms.RESULTS. The article proposes a method for calculating optimal voltage of power supply center of outgoing line of an oil and gas producing enterprise. The developed technique can be applied under a wide range of energy optimization criteria and for any configuration of outgoing line circuit, takes into account technological features of the process of mechanized oil production and ensures a reduction in electricity consumption.CONCLUSION. The calculation method considered in article makes it possible to develop an optimal list of organizational and technical measures for voltage regulation in distribution network in order to reduce power consumption.

Глобальные тренды и целевые индикаторы экономического развития промышленных комплексов газодобычи в Арктике

The current stage of development of the world energy sector is characterized by high turbulence and dynamism of changes. The volatility of demand and prices for energy resources, increased competition in the global market, the evolution of the energy balance, the decrease in the role of traditional hydrocarbons and the progressive development of technological innovations significantly affect the efficiency of the implementation of the Russian gas complex in the Arctic. However, in addition to economic benefits, large-scale production of natural gas in the Arctic encompasses a wide range of issues: ensuring domestic needs for hydrocarbons and stable exports, minimizing environmental damage, organizing complex science-intensive industries and loading industrial capacities, developing transport and social infrastructure, creating new high- tech work places. In these conditions, long-term prospects and assessment of the development efficiency of complex industrial gas production complexes are determined taking into account environmental, economic, technological and social aspects. The analysis of the factors of instability of the world energy system and their influence on the efficiency of the development of gas fields in the Arctic zone was carried out. Target guidelines for the development of the Russian gas industry have been formulated in the context of national interests and priorities of socio-economic development and environmental safety. Indicators of economic development of industrial gas production complexes are proposed, takinging to account trends in the global energy market and the specifics of field development in the Arctic.

Перспективы газогидратных технологий на рынке морских перевозок природного газа

The article considers the modern problems and prospects of the development of technologies of transporting the natural gas by sea due to the fact that gas hydrate deposits are found on the bottom of Lake Baikal, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Okhotsk Sea. It has been stated that despite the proved gas hydrate deposits the fields have not been explored yet. Introducing the technology for transporting gas by sea in gas hydrate form is being substantiated. Comparative analysis of LNG, CNG and NGH technologies for sea transportation of natural gas proved that the transport component of the NGH technological chain has significant advantages over LNG and CNG technologies. The process of converting thermal energy of the ocean has been proposed to use for increasing the energy efficiency of methane production from subsea gas hydrate deposits in the gas hydrate cycle, which can save 10-15% of the produced methane for electricity generation. A schematic and technological solution of a gas production complex is presented, according to which carbon dioxide is introduced into the gas hydrate layer to extract methane from gas hydrates. To improve the kinetics of replacing methane with carbon dioxide in gas hydrates it is proposed to recycle a portion of CO2. Due to the specific and diversified geographic, economic, political and other conditions the conventional technologies for pipeline transportation of gas and LNG cannot fully meet the requirements of gas export and production projects. It has been inferred that NGH technology is most suitable for solving the problem of diversifying natural gas supplies from the Arctic regions, the Black Sea and in the development of offshore gas and oil fields.

Estimation of the accuracy of inverse problem solution of complex generalized environmental estimation based on cartographic information

The article presents the results of the accuracy assessment of the method of generalized integrated assessment for solving the inverse problem of a comprehensive environmental assessment of territories. It is called the generalized assessment because the objective functions include the numerical expression of the sums of the areas of each level of anthropogenic disturbance, first throughout the region, and then for areas with an oil and gas producing complex, referred to the area of the whole region or the sum of the areas of zones with an oil and gas production complexes. For the completeness of the perception-of-the-method, the-article-also describes methods for obtaining particular and private target functions, on the basis of which a generalized estimate is constructed Loads of transformation levels in private objective functions take into account the level of complexity of environmental protection measures for each component-of-the natural environment. The substantiation of weight loads in the private target functions is based on a review-of-literary sources analyzing intrasystemic relationships in the natural environment. The impact of the possible subjectivity of expert assessments in determining the loads (role) of the components of the environment in integrated environmental assessments in the form of objective functions is assessed by comparing various options for their sets. The-calculation-of-results showed that the proposed method for the generalized solution of the inverse problem of a comprehensive environmental-assessment-of-the-territory practically does not respond to changes in the loads on the components of-the environment, since this influence is leveled out by the procedure of subtracting the integral target function throughout the territory from its analogue for zones with oil and gas production complex.

«YAMAL LNG» PROJECT IN THE СONTEXT ОF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE DEVELOPMENT

The research paper focuses on identifying the conditions in which Yamal LNG can effectively finance construction work through private investment. The Case study of the Yamal LNG liquefied natural gas production complex, the ratio of the shares of public and private investment in the project for the construction of the Utrenniy terminal is considered. The authors analyze possible ways of financing construction works: using Yamal LNG's own funds, Bank lending, and a loan from NOVATEK PJSC, as the main shareholder of the project. Calculations are made and the expediency of issuing and receiving a loan from PJSC «NOVATEK» for the construction of the terminal «Untrenniy» in the port of Sabetta is proved. Regression analysis confirms the possibility of repayment of the loan from the main Yamal LNG activities is proved. As a result of the study, methods of analysis of solvency, liquidity, autonomy, cash flow analysis, forecasting and generalization methods are used. This analysis allows to take into account the scale of activity of one of the largest operators for the supply of liquefied natural gas in Russia.

APPLICATION OF DISPLACEMENT CHARACTERISTICS FOR FORECASTED PRODUCTION INDICATORS EXPRESS-EVALUATION

Background Recently, in the oil and gas production complex, there has been a steady trend towards a deterioration in the structure of oil and gas reserves, which, in turn, imposes special conditions and requirements when performing predictive calculations of production levels. This is especially true for deposits with carbonate reservoirs of a complex type with high heterogeneity, in particular fractured-pore cavernous limestones and dolomites. Let’s consider carbonate reservoirs of field N as an example. According to the current project document, the field provides for the formation of a system for the development of facilities with waterflooding of reservoirs and the use of water and water-gas mixture as their working agents. The efficiency of the process of oil displacement by a working agent according to field data is expressed by the so-called oil displacement characteristics by water, which are the dependences of oil recovery on the volume of water that has penetrated into the reservoir. The displacement characteristic for an oil deposit more fully characterizes the efficiency of the development of an oil deposit than, for example, the oil recovery coefficient. The displacement characteristic reflects the history of the reservoir, clearly showing the effectiveness of the displacement process at any time of development, and is a convenient form for studying the nature and characteristics of the development and flooding of an oil reservoir. The displacement characteristic describes not only the final oil recovery in the reservoir, but also the dynamics of the oil recovery intensity coefficient from the water cut of the product during the development of heterogeneous formations in the mode of oil displacement by water. Aims and Objectives Obtaining an analytical displacement characteristic that takes into account the experience of developing analogous deposits and actual operating data, as well as further adaptation to the displacement characteristic obtained from the results of hydrodynamic modeling, in which all the involved displacement mechanisms are most fully represented. Results The performed analysis of the features of the geological structure of the field, analogous fields and the results of hydrodynamic modeling made it possible to construct a displacement characteristic that takes into account all the geological features of the field and the introduction of water and gas effects. The obtained displacement characteristic allows you to quickly perform calculations of predicted production indicators without the use of lengthy calculations on hydrodynamic models.

Ecological risks during offshore construction of oil platforms

The article tells about the risks of low-culture construction of oil facilities on the Arctic shelf. The long-term, practically neglected exploitation of the unique natural resources of the Russian North and the low culture of their development led in a number of its regions, including the waters of the Arctic seas with islands, to an emergency ecological situation - the partial and sometimes complete destruction of the fragile Arctic natural habitat of the small peoples of the North and the created cities and villages. Without proper environmental support, economic activities continue in the field of extraction, transportation and processing of natural resources. The progressive pollution of rivers and lakes leads to a qualitative depletion of water resources - a change in the composition of the waters of the Arctic Ocean. The danger of oil pollution of the marine environment is associated with plans for its production on the continental shelf of the Russian Federation. The oil and gas production complex in the Russian Arctic regions are being formed on the basis of already discovered fields and will develop as other promising fields are developed.

Концептуальні засади вдосконалення управління газовидобувним комплексом України на засадах досвіду провідних нафтогазових компаній

The main directions of improvement of the gas production complex management and the role of individual factors affecting the efficiency of its activities are determined. Taking into account that the oil and gas complex is a system of enterprises and organizations for various functional purposes, united to meet the needs of consumers in provision of natural gas, on the example of improving the organizational structure and management system of NK «YUKOS», all stages of its transformation into a world–class oil company are considered. Recommendations on the use of positive experience in Ukraine are provided. It is shown what achievements of NK «YUKOS» have already been taken into account in the reform of the management system of JSC «Ukrgasvydobuvannya», – in particular, today it is conditionally represented by three large sectors: upstream, midstream and downstream. The upstream sector includes the search for potential underground or underwater natural gas fields, drilling of exploration wells, drilling and operation of the wells extracting unprocessed natural «wet» gas; the midstream sector provides transportation (pipelines, railways, barges, oil trucks or regular trucks), storage and wholesale of gas, while networks of natural gas pipelines aggregate gas from natural gas purification stations and deliver it to consumers – local utilities; the downstream sector usually refers to the processing and purification of natural gas, crude oil, as well as the sale and distribution of products derived from natural gas and crude oil. Distribution by sector in gas production allows to classify fixed assets in accordance with the above–mentioned sectors: drilling rigs, offshore drilling platforms, well repair machines, software for geological exploration and geophysical research – upstream; well plumes, inter–industrial gas pipelines, condensate pipelines, oil pipelines, booster compressor stations, equipment for the complex gas preparation – midstream; gas processing and oil refineries, petrol stations – downstream. Much attention is paid to the development of the intellectual potential of the gas production complex, as it ensures both the successful development of production and the formation of effective management of the company.

Radiation Diagnostics of Pipelines and Equipment of Oil and Gas Production Complexes

An alert indicating the formation of salt deposits in the pipelines of oil and gas production complexes reduces the financial losses associated with the removal of these deposits and the loss of production. A method of taking into account the presence of the native radionuclide 232Th and its decay product 208Tl in the deposits is proposed for performing radiation diagnostics of pipelines. The appearance of the deposits is identified according to the 2.614 MeV γ-rays. The thickness of the deposits is determined according to the attenuation of the γ-rays from an external thorium dioxide source placed on the outer surface of a pipe. Calculations confirmed the presence of 1–2 mm thick deposits with probability 0.9 and a false positive rate of 0.01 in 1 h measurements with background 3 counts/sec. A 232Th-based external source with activity 105 and 106 Bq makes it possible to determine deposit thicknesses 2.5–3 and 1–2 mm, respectively, with measurement time 1 h and error about 15%.

The Electrochemical Cleaning of Various Types of Soils Contaminated with Reservoir Water and Oil

The constant development of the technosphere leads to negative consequences, such as environment pollution by components with toxic properties and violation of natural biosphere processes. The most significant negative effect of the functioning of the oil and gas production and processing complex is soil pollution. This article is devoted to the study of the features of the electrochemical cleaning process in various types of soils contaminated by oil and reservoir waters. The mechanisms of the hydrocarbons amount decrease are described. The greatest contribution is made by electrokinetic processes as well as by direct and indirect oxidation. The dependence of the content of petroleum hydrocarbons on the amount of transmitted electricity in several types of soil (clay, loam, chernozem and sand) is established. It has been established that there is the limit quantity of charge required for effective cleaning of each type of soil. This parameter primarily depends on the soil characteristics. It was revealed that at a high soil moisture the voltage differences are insignificant. The efficiency of cleaning for each type of soil was calculated. The clay soil has optimal conditions for electrical treatment (cleaning efficiency is 84.5%). The cleaning efficiency of sand soil was minimal.

Ранжирование нефтяных и газовых скважин, выводимых в консервацию и (или) ликвидируемых, в целях решения задач анализа риска аварий на опасных производственных объектах нефтегазодобывающего комплекса «Фонд скважин»

Ранжирование нефтяных и газовых скважин, выводимых в консервацию и (или) ликвидируемых, в целях решения задач анализа риска аварий на опасных производственных объектах нефтегазодобывающего комплекса «Фонд скважин»

К вопросу о консервации и ликвидации опасных производственных объектов нефтегазодобывающего комплекса «Фонд скважин»

К вопросу о консервации и ликвидации опасных производственных объектов нефтегазодобывающего комплекса «Фонд скважин»

Обоснование требований к точности расходомеров-регуляторов систем управления комплексами получения синтез-газа

Обоснование требований к точности расходомеров-регуляторов систем управления комплексами получения синтез-газа

Research of the well efficiency improvement based on mathematical modeling

The important aspect of oil and gas production complex is stable operation of flooded gas and gas condensate wells.This existing plunger lift designs were analyzed by the authors. The efficiency of plunger lifts in flooded and low-debit wells was determined. The facility for well internal tubing surface cleaning from liquid was developed. Based on mathematical model, the research of well efficiency improvement was performed. Based on calculations, the graphical dependence of the cleaning facility velocity on its position in the well tubing system. It was determined, that increase of liquid specific mass in the well tubing leads to decrease of the facility velocity. Based on the mathematical model, the patterns of the cleaning facility motion mode in well tubing were determined.