Objects Of Gas Industry Research Articles

The impact of changes in gas consumption on the selection of critical gas industry objects

The article is devoted to the problem of finding critically important objects of the gas industry from the standpoint of ensuring energy security. A critically important object is a partial or complete failure of which can cause significant damage to the country from the fuel and energy complex as a whole or within a separate energy system. The current state of the gas industry is characterized, on the one hand, by a significant decrease in gas exports to Europe, and on the other hand, by a significantly increased gas consumption within the country. The article presents the results of calculations in which the authors analyze how the change in the structure of gas consumption affected the previously found critically important objects of the gas industry. The change in the significance of these objects on the operability of the Russian gas industry is shown. Conclusions are made on the need to adjust the list of critically important objects of the gas industry.

Problems of searching for critically important combinations of gas industry objects from the position of ensuring energy security

The article is devoted to the problem of finding critical combinations of gas industry objects from the standpoint of ensuring energy security. A critically important object is the partial or complete failure of which can cause significant damage to the country from the fuel and energy complex as a whole or within a separate energy system. Gas transportation networks in Russia and Europe are very extensive, branched, and have many intersections and backup gas pipelines. Therefore, cases of simultaneous failure of several system objects are possible. The article presents the results of calculations in which the authors identify the most significant combinations of gas transportation network objects from the point of view of providing consumers with gas. The significance and influence of these combinations on the performance of the Russian gas industry is shown. Conclusions are drawn about the feasibility of searching for critical combinations of gas industry objects.

THE CAPABILITIES OF 3D GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DECISION-SUPPORT PROCESS FOR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EMPLOYMENT OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES

Abstract. The presented paper is concerned with the capabilities of 3D geospatial technologies in the decision-support process for the design, construction, and employment of engineering structures. Among the various geospatial technologies, the primary stress is made on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Despite the widespread application of TLS, its opportunities are not studied thoroughly. A vast volume of studies is dedicated to accuracy, processing workflow, and modeling by TLS data. However, only scanty research considers the TLS technology and data from an ordinary civil engineer's point of view. This study attempts to fill this gap. Covered topics are analysis of the current trends of measurement technologies; in-depth analysis of laser scanning results as a source of new unique data; laser scanning for industrial applications; laser scanning and BIM integration. Except for the mentioned topics, the new concept of the complete control of geometric parameters during the construction and operation of engineering structures is introduced. Complete control plays an indispensable role in the decision-support process during the building life cycle and therefore is an inherent part of any BIM. A description of the steps of complete control and its different applications for civil engineering is given. The decision-support process is addressed for different structures, e.g., roads, civil and industrial structures, oil and gas industry objects, etc. Moreover, complete control is considered for the various stages of a building life cycle, from design to demolition. The results provide convincing evidence that the complete control by TLS data has a prominent role in the decision-support process for civil engineering.

Мониторинг объектов нефтегазовой отрасли с помощью воздушного лазерного сканирования

The article presents a progressive method for performing aerial laser scanning of the territory of a well pad from an unmanned aerial vehicle DJI Matrice 300. The method includes the stages of planning, surveying, data processing and accuracy assessment. A description of the scanning process is given with a complete description of the experimental part and the main steps for processing the obtained data in the CoPre 2. By analyzing the profile of the point cloud, an accuracy assessment was made, which showed that the array of scanning points was obtained with an absolute accuracy not exceeding 0.10 and 0.05 m in terms of height, respectively, which, in turn, fit into the technical characteristics of the AlphaAir 450 mobile laser scanner declared by the manufacturer. The applicability of the described technique for using aerial laser scanning from an unmanned aircraft to study oil and gas industry objects is summed up.

ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ РИСКИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО ОСВОЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ АРКТИКИ

The article is devoted to the issues of geopolitical risks (GPR) in the hydrocarbon development of the Russian Arctic. Meanwhile, the authors pay special attention to the analysis of modern geopolitical and geostrategic challenges to the development of the Arctic region. The key geopolitical factors affecting the sustainable development of the Arctic are identified, similarities and differences in the geostrategic priorities of the Arctic Five countries are analyzed. GPR can be transformed into opposite environmental factors of oil and gas industry objects in the form of additional opportunities or threats, which the authors identify in detail for each type of risk.

Cascade Temperature Control Data Analysis in Oil and Gas Industry

Currently, one of the most effective methods of personnel training for the oil and gas industry is training on computer simulators. Studies show that most often emergencies occur in small areas of large production facilities, which indicates the existence of a problem with the possibility of training and development of simulators for basic objects of complex production chains. Nowadays, there are a lot of technical and technological solutions in the field of simulators, however, the segment of simulators of basic units and equipment of oil and gas industry objects is practically absent. In order to develop computer simulators that fully correspond to real objects, it is necessary to build adequate mathematical models. Within the framework of this research, the development of mathematical and structural models of the basic object of the oil and gas industry has been performed.

Investigations of the Potential Application of k-out-of-n Systems in Oil and Gas Industry Objects

The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the possibilities of assessing the reliability of oil and gas industry structures with the help of mathematical models of k-out-of-n systems. We show how the reliability of various structures in the oil and gas complex can be described and investigated using k-out-of-n models. Because the initial information about the life and repair time of components of systems is only usually known on the scale of one and/or two moments, we focus on the problem of the sensitivity analysis of the system reliability indices to the shape of its components repair time distributions. To address this problem, we used the so-called markovization method, based on the introduction of supplementary variables, to model the system behavior with the help of the two-dimensional Markov process with discrete-continuous states. On the basis of the forward Kolmogorov equations for the time-dependent process’ state probabilities, relevant balance equations for the process’ stationary probabilities are presented. Using these equations, stationary probabilities and some reliability indices for two examples from the oil and gas industry were calculated and their sensitivity to the system component’s repair time distributions was analyzed. Calculations show that under “rare” component failures, most system reliability indices become practically insensitive to the shape of the components repair time distributions.

Environmental and economic assessment of the impact of oil and gas production on the state of landscape and botanical complexes in the Urals

The article presents the results of environmental and economic assessment of the impact of oil and gas industry objects on the state of landscape and botanical complexes in the Urals. Using the example of two oil and gas fields, the complex impact of the construction and operation of this type of facility is shown. The greatest disturbances to the land are caused by the construction and operation of industrial sites for integrated gas treatment plants and gas distribution networks, wells and service pipelines, crane assemblies and piston start-up and intake assemblies. Despite the fact that according to the point system, the impact of the enterprise on biocenoses is assessed as “weak negative,” the impact of oil and gas production facilities has led to a significant change in landscape and botanical complexes. In addition to changing the geochemical state of landscapes and the redistribution of natural geochemical cycles, a change in the ecological structure of species of edificators, a change in their physiological and morphological functions has been established. This impact directly affects the state of forest ecosystems, water conservation, water regulation, and absorption functions of the forest. Economic damage from the operation of oil and gas production facilities is 137042, 00 rubles.

БПЛА ДЛЯ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ МОНИТОРИНГА ОБЪЕКТОВ НЕФТЕГАЗОВОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

The results of calculations of an unmanned aerial vehicle adapted for monitoring oil
 and gas industry objects are presented.

Разработка системы диспетчерского управления и сбора данных компьютерного тренажера отработки навыков по управлению типовыми объектами нефтегазовой отрасли

Разработка системы диспетчерского управления и сбора данных компьютерного тренажера отработки навыков по управлению типовыми объектами нефтегазовой отрасли

Совершенствование подходов к выполнению пусконаладочных работ на объектах газовой промышленности

Совершенствование подходов к выполнению пусконаладочных работ на объектах газовой промышленности

Проблематика разработки модифицированных стандартов на объекты нефтегазового комплекса

Проблематика разработки модифицированных стандартов на объекты нефтегазового комплекса

Сравнительный анализ и выбор импликаторов нечетких множеств для автоматизации объектов газовой промышленности

Сравнительный анализ и выбор импликаторов нечетких множеств для автоматизации объектов газовой промышленности

Search of the most important combinations of gas industry objects from the positions of system operability

The article is devoted to the search and determination of the most important combinations of gas industry objects from the standpoint of system operability. The study was carried out on the example of the Unified Gas Supply System of Russia. The study is a development of the topic of the search and determination of critical objects of the system. Cases of simultaneous failure of two disconnected and independent from each other system objects are possible. The article presents a list of the most important combinations of gas industry objects that are not included in the list of critical objects, failure of which can lead to a significant gas shortage among consumers. Their significance and impact on the performance of the Russian gas industry are shown. Conclusions have been drawn on the feasibility of searching for such paired combinations of gas industry objects from the standpoint of system operability.

Formation of the list of gas industry critical objects from the standpoint of energy security of the country

The paper is devoted to the search for critical objects of the Russian gas industry in terms of energy security of the state and regions. The task of identifying critical objects of the gas industry is presented and an algorithm for their distribution according to the lists of federal and regional levels is shown. A list of critical facilities of the federal gas industry is presented. This list includes, along with gas transmission network objects, head compressor stations at the exits from gas fields and underground gas storages.

МЕТОД ОЦЕНКИ ДОСТОВЕРНОСТИ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННОГО АНАЛИЗА РИСКА НА ОБЪЕКТАХ НЕФТЕГАЗОВОЙ ОТРАСЛИ

Despite the existing arsenal of various methods of quantitative risk analysis both in Russian and international practice, problems arise related to the assessment of the reliability of the results obtained during their practical application, including at oil and gas facilities. The question remains to what extent the decision-maker can trust the results. The article considers the problem of assessing the reliability of quantitative risk analysis at oil and gas facilities. Existing methods for estimating reliability are investigated. It is proposed to use an approach based on ensuring the quality of the process of risk analysis itself. To increase the objectivity in assessing the reliability of the results of a risk analysis, a formal quantitative method was proposed. The article introduces 5 criteria that ensure the quality of the process of risk analysis at oil and gas facilities. A system of rules for coding the values of each of the basic criteria into three discrete qualitative levels was developed. The solution of the task was accomplished by constructing a classifier in which the reliability index of a quantitative risk analysis of oil and gas industry objects is a function of the values of the basic criteria. The reliability of the risk analysis was evaluated on the basis of a naive Bayesian classifier that takes into account the values of the five basic criteria in the evaluation framework. The results of the classifier work are based on a variety of training data that were previously evaluated by experts. The article suggests an approach to the assessment of the quality of the classifier itself, based on a cross-checking with successive exclusion of one copy of the training data. The merits of using the naive Bayesian classifier for assessing the reliability of quantitative risk analysis in oil and gas industry objects include the fact that the classification is carried out quite easily and quickly, surpasses many other algorithms, and requires a smaller amount of training data. A naive Bayesian classifier works very well with categorical features, which is exactly what is reflected in this article.

Thermal insulation: operational properties and methods of research

Construction system consists of materials with different properties. The use of materials in the design should ensure maximum of its performance and its durability. The use of thermal insulation materials is an effective way to form the thermal envelope of a building, reducing energy costs and increasing the durability of building structures. The properties of materials are determined by their structure, which is formed in the process of technological influences. Formation of the insulating shell of oil and gas industry objects is possible only when considering the special features of the thermal insulation layer in the construction and the use of high-quality materials that retain their characteristics, both in the early stages of operation and throughout the calculation period. The first is achieved by competent design, the second the possibility of assessing the properties of thermal insulation (and predicting changes in these properties over time) directly in the construction site.The methodology for assessing the properties of insulating products includes two main components: testing facility and methodology for assessing operational stability. The methodology of conducting accelerated tests and prediction of durability is tested for mineral wool products of a layered, corrugated and volume-oriented structure. The test results give good convergence with the methods recommended by the building codes.

Life-Support Model of Supply Systems of Oil and Gas Industry Objects

At present, repair and diagnostic complexes are being developed for repair of oil and gas production facilities, including control areas for working capacity, diagnosing components used in maintenance stations, as well as areas equipped with the necessary technological equipment, measuring instruments, tools and equipment for carrying out current repair of replacement elements. For maintenance of repair, repair-diagnostic complexes are equipped with means of power supply, sets of spare property and accessories and operational documentation. Repair-diagnostic complexes can be represented using a three-phase multi-channel queuing system. The study of such a system with the distribution functions of the service time of applications different from the exponential makes it difficult to use analytical models. The developed simulation model of the repair and diagnostic complex allows to evaluate the characteristics of its functioning, the most important of which is the average service time of the application in the system, as well as to determine the required number of channels on each site. The developed model can be aggregated into a general model of research into the operation of complex technical systems for supplying oilfield facilities.

Search of critically important combinations of objects of the gas industry from the positions of the system operability

The paper is devoted to the search for critical combinations of gas industry objects from the standpoint of system operability. Critically important is the object partial or complete failure which can cause significant damage to the country from the fuel and energy complex in general or within the framework of a separate energy system. It is possible to failure of a critical and other object of the system. The paper presents the main major critical combinations of gas industry objects. Their significance and impact on the efficiency of the gas industry in Russia is shown. Conclusions are made about the expediency of searching for critical combinations of gas industry objects from the standpoint of system operability.

Problems of the Assessment of Economic Damage Caused by Power Supply Interruption

The article is devoted to the development of the methods of the assessment of damage caused by an emergency interruption in the electrical supply of industrial consumers. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the structure of direct and indirect damage and to develop an adequate technique for the quantitative assessment of a full damage caused by the interrupt in electrical supply of various groups of industrial consumers. The analysis of domestic and foreign methodological approaches to the assessment of the damage caused by breaks in an electrical supply allowed to substantiate the structure of a full damage. For this purpose, we propose three groups of techniques. The first method is based on the standard approach. We apply it for a detailed account of the components of damage (real loss, social and economic losses, ecological damage, indirect losses) with reference to the occurred failure. The second technique is based on the use of three groups of typical scenarios of the consequences of an emergency interruption in power supply. These scenarios have resulted from the analysis of the regulation documentation and statistical data on the basic groups of industrial consumers (on the example of gas supply system, these are production facilities, transport, storage, reprocessing and support facilities). The third method is based on the specific indicators of unplanned coasts depending on the size of the disconnected capacity, an interruption duration and the duration of the restoration of electricity. The second and third techniques are developed to forecast the damage and to substantiate the efficiency of measures for improving the reliability of the electrical supply of the industrial consumers. The article includes the results of the assessment of full damage caused by the interruption in the electrical supply through the developed techniques on the example of the gas industry objects. The comparison of the results of the assessment with the real values of damages from the occurred failures would suggest the adequacy of the developed techniques. The appropriate account of the economic damage caused by breaks in the electrical supply would substantiate the measures making energy supplies for the safe and reliable. The reliability of power is the fundamental factor for the economic stability of the country and its regions.