This research developes an innovative thermodynamic coupling model for gas-bearing coal, improving temperature change simulations during coalbed methane desorption. The model distinctively integrates adsorption/desorption heat effects, free gas expansion, dynamic diffusion, the Klinkenberg effect, and moisture influence, offering a more comprehensive perspective of thermodynamic behavior. Comparisons with empirical data and previous models demonstrate that the predicted temperature changes closely match experimental results, indicating superior accuracy. The investigation finds a 23.51 % increase in desorption temperature as gas pressure rises from 0.4 MPa to 1.2 MPa, with temperature changes following the sequence CO2 > CH4 > N2, in the ratio ΔT(CO2): ΔT(CH4): ΔT(N2) = 1.76: 1.35: 1. Adsorbed gas desorption and free gas expansion are recognized as the primary drivers, especially near 0.5 MPa, where adsorbed gas contributes nearly 70 %. Sensitivity to variables such as gas pressure, adsorption heat, and permeability diminishes over time, with moisture exerting minimal impact. The study highlights a close thermodynamic connection between temperature changes and gas outbursts, proposing temperature variation as an reliable indicator for predicting and evaluating outburst risks. These findings enhance understanding of coalbed methane desorption and provide new theoretical foundations for efficient resource development and disaster prevention.