House Garden Research Articles

Construction and technical examination of wooden structures (on the example of a wooden country house)

In practice, the construction of wooden buildings of low-rise residential construction is carried out based on the experience and knowledge of the builders, and does not agree with the legal framework of the construction industry. Therefore, many low-rise and garden houses are typical, unequal spacing of the beams, overestimated the distance between the bearing walls, the construction of attic floors without regard to bearing loads of the lower floors, uneven box joints timber, use of faulty material or materials from different batches with different parameters and characteristics. All these violations in the construction and operation of objects made of wooden structures lead to civil disputes in the framework of which it is necessary to conduct construction and technical expertise.

Environmental Value of Housing Gardens in Urban Landscape: A Case Study of Tusba/Van Detached Home Gardens

Residential gardens; increasing the quality of urban landscape by increasing the agricultural skills of the people of the city, providing economic gain, being one of the most effective methods of combating food, improving air quality, contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions and temperature, enabling social activities, recreation and leisure time opportunities has positive effects. The detached house gardens in the city of Van are characterized by multifunctionality, which gives people different advantages as in other cities. The aim of this study is to determine the place, properties and importance of residential gardens in urban life in urban area. In the study, detached house gardens, which are important traditions, were found in the neighborhoods of Tusba in Van. The literature on the subject has been searched, geographic information system software has been used to determine the available area uses and on-site observation and analysis methods have been used. As a result, the neighborhood with the highest number of residences with gardens was identified as Altintepe Quarter with 893 residences. At the end of the study, the aim of this study is to develop the suggestions for the sustainability of the garden culture by revealing the role of detached house gardens in the city which existed throughout history and whose examples are decreasing today. Keywords: Urban landscape, cultural heritage, detached house gardens, Tusba county. DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-01-07

City dwelling wild bees: how communal gardens promote species richness

Urban areas consist of wide expanses of impervious surfaces which are known to negatively affect insect biodiversity in general, but green spaces within cities have the potential to provide necessary habitat and foraging resources. Although, communal gardens were primarily intended to provide fresh, regional food to denizens, these green islands also host a surprisingly high number of wild bee species. The gardens were characterized based on structural elements such as flower frequency, the relative percentage of lawn, trees, shrubs, planted crops and infrastructure (e.g. seating possibilities or garden houses). Further, the effects of different landscape structures surrounding the gardens and distance to the city center were analyzed on the total wild bee species richness and functional traits. Focusing on these putative influencing factors, statistical analyses calculating random decision forests along with generalized linear mixed models were applied. With 113 observed wild bee species, communal gardens provide habitat for a quarter of all known species in Vienna. In conclusion, results revealed that only elements within the gardens had an effect on species richness, with flower frequency as the major positive driver. The examined communal gardens promote and conserve wild bees independent from the location within the city or garden size. Furthermore, these green patches are important sanctuaries, hosting rare and threatened species as well as remarkably special wild bee communities.

The Effect of Location on the Value of Ornamental Trees Using the Example of a Green Space in Lublin

Abstract This paper examines and identifies, using a specific example, how the location of trees influences their value. For the valuation of trees outside a forest area, appraisers often employ methods recommended for estimating forest stands, which significantly reduces the value of trees and valued properties. The tree-valuation method developed by SZCZEPANOWSKA et al. (2010) was used in our study. First, we compiled an inventory of trees located on plots intended for expropriation. The study covered all specimens with trunk circumferences of over 25 centimetres, which amounted to a total of 76 trees. We considered the value of the trees in the conditions of the actual location, which means that our calculations included house gardens in the city and the values of the same trees in hypothetical growth conditions: tree stands in rural and urban areas, green spaces in urban and rural areas, housing estates, roads and streets (both urban and rural), and historic areas, health resorts and health-resort protection zones. Our study has shown that the tree valuation method based on differentiating coefficients is a very useful tool for establishing the value of trees in outlying areas.

Problems of solid waste management for recreation zones of St Petersburg

More than 1.5 million city dwellers spend every summer in their garden houses in the sitesaround St Petersburg. Really it is a land of the Leningrad region. Total amount of solid wastefrom them is about 72.1 thousand ton per year. It is about 20% of total amount of waste frompermanent habitants of these places. Besides 724.6 ton of waste per year is from short-termrecreants who visit forests, lakes, rivers and other places for rest. The morphological structureof solid waste from the recreants essentially differs from structure of city waste: shares ofmetals and plastics are much more.The most problem is that there is no a legal solid waste management system for recreants.One of the reasons is that recreants use territories outside places of living for permanentinhabitants. As a result numerous landfills have been appeared during last years. Dangerouscontamination of surrounded soil and water is obvious. No special control from localauthorities is existed. There is an urgent task to develop local legislation for recreant solidwaste management. Unfortunately the Leningrad region has rather aged solid wastemanagement. Practically only landfilling is used for solid waste. In the case of using onlylandfilling for recreant waste it is needed at least 4 7 ha of lands for new landfills.The most reasonable alternative is a joint solid waste management for both permanenthabitants and recreants. It will allow reducing cost of the whole system. In this case it will beeasier to attract investment for introducing the appropriate system basing on modemtechnologies. Experience of Finland when neighboring municipalities combine their resourcesfor solving this problem is the best way also for St Petersburg. In this case different methodsof waste processing can be used: compost digesting, incineration, recycling and landfilling forthe rest waste.

La Faceta de Kafka como Dibujante. La Casa del Jardín de Goethe: Un Dibujo de Franz Kafka

This study is about Franz Kafka’s artistic facet. It explores the knowledge that the author possessed about this subject. For that purpose, this research focuses on the analysis of one of his drawings, Goethe’s Garden House, in The star, in Ilm Park, in Weimar. Before addressing the central point of the text, it is noted that Kafka knew about Art History, that he interacted with artists, that he had a huge inclination for the plastic arts and that he took drawing lessons. Goethe is mentioned (Italienische Reise) as the model present in Kafka in his Reisetagebücher. It is remarked in this study the emotional state in which Kafka was when making the previously mentioned drawing.

Prevalence of Psychological Frailty in Japan: NCGG-SGS as a Japanese National Cohort Study.

There has been less research conducted on the psychological aspects of frailty than on the physical and cognitive characteristics of frailty. Thus, we aimed to define psychological frailty, clarify its prevalence, and investigate the relationship between psychological frailty and lifestyle activity or disability incidence in older adults in Japan. The participants in our study were 4126 older adults (average age 71.7 years) enrolled in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-i87uStudy of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS). We characterized physical frailty of the following as ≥ 3: slow walking speed, muscle weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weight loss. We used the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 items version (GDS-15) to screen for depressive mood, indicated by 5 points or more on the scale. The co-presence of physical frailty and depressive mood was defined as psychological frailty. The incidence of disability was determined using data from the Japanese long-term care insurance system over 49 months. We found that the prevalence of physical frailty, depressive mood, and psychological frailty were 6.9%, 20.3%, and 3.5%, respectively. Logistic regression indicated that the odds ratios for loss of lifestyle activities were significantly higher in participants with psychological frailty for going outdoors using the bus or train, driving a car, using maps to go to unfamiliar places, reading books or newspapers, cognitive stimulation, culture lessons, giving advice, attending community meetings, engaging in hobbies or sports, house cleaning, fieldwork or gardening, and taking care of grandchildren or pets. During the follow-up period, 385 participants (9.3%) developed a disability. The incidence of disability was associated with both physical and psychological frailty in the fully adjusted model. However, no significant association between disability and depressive mood was found. We conclude that individuals with psychological frailty had the highest risk of disability. Future policies should implement disability prevention strategies among older adults with psychological frailty.

Vi khí hậu vườn nhà tại phường Tây Lộc, thành phố Huế

The subject of this research is the effect of house gardenonmicroclimate, especially in the hot season with southwest foehn wind . The research is carried out by examining the vegetation structure oftraditional house gardens as well as new ones and their effects on microclimate. Monitoring results on some hot waves in 2017 shows that in the traditional house garden, there are many vegetation layers, high LAI, etc, as a result, it lowered the temperature by up to 3 - 5 0C, the humidity is 6 - 14% higher as compared to the data of the Hue station; as for the new house garden, the survey data is not much different from Hue station. When it comes to the comfort temperature of hot season ranging from 29 to 29.5 0C, the temperature in the traditional house gardens has little difference than that of the new house gardens.

A study of the potential of using the Earth to air heat exchanger for cooling and heating of residential buildings in Iraq

AbstractThe Earth to air heat exchanger (EAHE) is an effective passive cooling and heating system for buildings. This paper studied numerically the potential for reduction in energy consumption for cooling and heating loads for a residence equipped with an EAHE system in the climate of Nasiriya city, which is located in southern Iraq and at 31.7°N and 45.8°E, latitude and longitude, respectively. Also, this paper presents a study about the thermal performance of three types of EAHE systems, system 1, consisting of one layer of EAHE and buried at an available area of house garden with 3‐m depth, system 2, at the same site of system 1, but with two layers of EAHE at two depths, 3 and 4 m, and finally, system 3, buried along the area of the house at a depth of 3 m. First, the built numerical model was validated against experimental results, and the results of the comparison showed good agreement. The electricity consumption for cooling and heating of the house is calculated with and without the EAHE system. The results showed that with using EAHE, there is a considerable saving in energy and saving in the cost of electricity consumption, which reached 376 329 IQD ($301.11) over 1 year for system 2.

An American Terrestrial Leech

Our common land leech was first obtained by me in April, 1876, at Normal, McLean County, Illinois, where it was dug up in a house garden, about a dozen rods from the nearest rivulet. An example sent the following year to Prof. A. E. Verrill, with some remarks on its superficial characters, was by him identified provisionally and with some hesitation as his Semiscolex grandis, originally described* from three aquatic individuals obtained from Lake Huron, Lake Superior, and West River, Connecticut. I have now, however, fifty-six specimens of this leech, all from the earth in Central Illinois, some of them half a mile or more from water, and representing collections made at different times from April, 1876, to June, 1890 ; while, on the other hand, it has not once occurred in the course of a large amount of aquatic work done in the same regions during these fifteen years. It has, moreover, constant characters which clearly distinguish it from Semiscolex qrandis as far as one may judge by a comparison with Verrill's description, and I do not doubt that it is distinct.

II: EARLY LIFE: 1906–1924

I was born in London at Wilton Crescent on September the 28th, 1906 almost within earshot of Bow Bells, the definition of a Cockney. The following notice appeared in the press the day after my birth. There was born yesterday an heir to the Irish House of Hare in the person of the son of Viscount and Viscountess Ennismore. Lord Ennismore, who married Lord Derwent's grand-daughter only a year or so ago, is the eldest son of the Earl of Listowel. In addition to his Irish estates, Lord Listowel is the fortunate possessor of a fine, if not large, London property. It is situated near the Albert Hall, and close to Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens. It comprises Kingston House and Ennismore Gardens. There are scores, if not hundreds of houses on the estate, and probably not one yields a ground rent of less than one hundred pounds per annum, while some of the larger mansions produce hundreds a year in ground rents. It is to this property that the Earl of Listowel's grandson, born yesterday, is the ultimate heir, as well, of course, as to the Irish estates.

Research on Detached Housing Construction Technology in Nanjing during 1930s: Baiziting - Fuhougang Residential Area as an Example

ABSTRACT With the Nationalist Government made Nanjing its capital city, 1930s’ Nanjing witnessed a boom of detached houses. These Western style garden houses were constructed in the first residential area for upper class, such as celebrities from military, government, and institution. In this article, the general background and construction technology of detached houses in Baiziting—Fuhougang residential area are presented. This area was determined to be the first residential area in The City Plan of Nanking (1929), houses in this area shared similar characteristics such as social status of owners, build time, developing mode, building scale, architectural style, and construction technology. Based on the field survey and measurement of existing houses in this area, precise details of the foundation, wall, ground and floor, stairs, windows and doors, roof are clearly shown in the form of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional graphics, at the same time, construction methods and technological characteristics of these detached houses are revealed. This in-depth research on the building construction technology indicates its characteristics of transplantation and local adaptation, and lays a basic technical foundation for the conservation of these architectural heritages.

Technologies for Manufacturing of Moisture-Resistant Products from Modified Wood

Wood, as a finishing and building material, has always been given special attention. Wood has many positive properties, but it's no secret that faced with its shortcomings such as fragility, instability of form and susceptibility to decay, people often prefer synthetic materials, putting aside the ecology and useful properties of wood and choosing the long life of non-natural materials. In this regard experts around the world are constantly searching for new solutions aimed at improving the physical, mechanical and operational properties of wood, which would allow a person to limit the use of artificially created analogs of natural materials and enjoy the atmosphere of tranquility and appeasement in a house that can create a tree. Analyzing the knowledge and skills of previous generations the author of the article took as a basis various technologies of deep processing with the aim of improving the quality, extending the service life and expanding the scope of its use, thanks to which a new modern moisture resistant "hardened" tree is created for furniture, interior, finishing elements for garden houses and plots. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the biological resistance of wood thermo modified in five different technologies: vacuum-convective thermal modification in a superheated steam, convective thermal modification in a saturated high-pressure steam environment, thermal modification of wood in hydrophobic liquids, thermal modification of wood in a flue gas environment and vacuum-conductive thermal modification. The degree of moisture resistance of the samples is calculated, which makes it possible to conclude that the mass of thermo-modified wood is significantly lower, caused by the destructive effect of fungi, as compared to untreated samples. The most optimal technology for structures involving close contact with water or soil is determined.

PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN OBAT OLEH SUKU JERIENG DI KABUPATEN BANGKA BARAT

Indonesia has been know as own high diversity of flora and fauna. In addition, Indonesia has been know high diversity of ethnics which has various distinctive traditions, including local knowledge. One of the local knowledge on using of traditional medicinal plants. The utilization of plants as medicinal plants has never been reported yet because of the changes of era, the local wisdom knowledge especially for medicinal plants has faded away. The purpose of this research is to determine the local knowledge of Jerieng ethnic in utilizing the plant include the parts of the plant, the processing, and the benefit as medicinal plants), collecting data of the medicinal plants diversity (species numbers, scientific name, local name, familes, habitat and habitus). The method of this research was used the qualitative and descriptive analysis. Data was collected from survey and interview in the Jerieng ethnic using snowball sampling. The result of research show there are 82 plants species 52 families, 16 informans, and 45 species disease. The most dominant families of medicinal plants is Zingiberaceae with 7 kinds and graminae//poaceae with 6 kinds. The most frequent used part of the plants by Jerieng ethnic are the leaf 46%, trunk habitus species 35% and the higher habitat is at plants garden house 52%. Meanwhile for the most used processing is by boiling the medicinal plants.

Evaluation of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations connected by roads and rivers: the case of Tocantins state in Brazil.

BACKGROUND The longstanding application of insecticides for vector control without periodic monitoring of the population response to these chemicals can directly drive the selection of resistant populations of vector mosquitoes. Tocantins is the newest state of the Brazilian Federation. Despite a historically high number of dengue cases, studies and monitoring data concerning insecticide resistance in the state are lacking.OBJECTIVES To verify the resistance status of Aedes aegypti from 10 populations distributed throughout the state connected by rivers and roads.METHODS Between 50 and 150 ovitraps were installed in house gardens within each municipality. Collection points were established based on the importance of the towns and on geographic aspects. Dose response bioassays were performed in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. Molecular assays were conducted to detect kdr mutations, which are related to pyrethroid resistance.FINDINGS Of the 3,200 ovitrap paddles analysed, 25.8% contained eggs, with a total of 55,687 eggs collected. With the exception of Caseara, all evaluated populations were considered to be resistant to temephos. The data showed different levels of resistance to deltamethrin among the samples. Caseara and Guaraí showed the lowest RR95 values. On average, the NaVR1 kdr allele was most frequent (40.3%), followed by NaVS (38.1%), and NaVR2 (21.6%). Palmas, the capital of the state, had the highest frequency of kdr alleles (87.5%).MAIN CONCLUSIONS With the exception of Palmas, the towns with the highest indexes (ovitrap positivity, number and density of eggs), as well with high levels of resistance and kdr alleles were located along the BR-153 road, indicating that the flow of people and cargo can contribute to the dispersion of the vector and potentially resistance. This study contributes substantially to knowledge regarding the insecticide resistance profile of Tocantins mosquito populations; the data generated via the study could facilitate the judicious use of insecticides by vector control programs.

FAMINE FOODS AND FOOD SECURITY IN THE NORTHERN MAYA LOWLANDS: MODERN LESSONS FOR ANCIENT RECONSTRUCTIONS

AbstractInequality and changing responses to food scarcity may create a stigmatization complex around certain foods. Here, we conduct a literature search to develop a working definition of “famine foods” in the Maya lowlands, centering qualities such as hardiness, productivity, nutrition, preparation, and stigmatization complexes. An analysis of the nutritional characteristics that might make up such a food yields the idea that famine foods are likely members of a time- and place-specific arsenal of plant resources. We compare the results of the literature search to botanical data from arejolladasurvey from Xuenkal and asolar(house garden) survey conducted in Yaxunah. Examining the data through the lens of a history of manipulation of food access, shifting relations of power, and modern responses to food insecurity illuminates cultural plasticity and resilience in diet and agricultural strategies in the Maya lowlands. We conceptualizesolaresandrejolladasas food-related resilience strategies.

Revisiting enterprise politics in the interwar Hungary: The case of The Rimamurány–Salgótarján Iron Works Co.

The Rimamurány–Salgótarján Iron Works Co. in Salgótarján started to run up from 1871. Thepeople who lived in the workers’ colony of the Steelworks in Salgótarján differentiated themselvesfrom the rest of the local residents not only spatially but also in their appearance, as a result oftheir higher standard of living. At the begining of the 20th century the major streets of the colony(Acélgyári Street) had macadam or stoned surface and were lit with public street lightning. Theduty of the socalled Dwelling Master was to guarantee neat, clean, tidy streets within the colony.Steelworkers had more opportunity to visit the shops and barbershop than those men who livedwithin the downtown. This difference was partly due to their higher income and partly due tothe fact that the services of the comany’s shop and the barber at the colony were much cheaperthan those of other local barbers since it was ordered so by factory management. Workers’houses were up to the standards of the time, they did not pay rent or just a very low price andworkers had a possibility to build their own garden houses on the land of the company. All thisfundamentally changed in the second half of the 1940s owing to post-war lack of raw materialand Socialist ’modernization’ and uniformization. The period of communist dictatorship afterWorld War II, nationalization of the works and Socialist ’modernization’ created trauma at thecolony.

Hoop House Gardening in the Wapekeka First Nation as an Extension of Land-Based Food Practices

Rural Indigenous communities in Canada’s North face many challenges getting regular access to nutritious foods, primarily because of the high cost of market food, restricted availability of nutritious foods, and lack of government support for nutritious food programs. The consequences of food insecurity in this context are expressed in high rates of diabetes, heart disease, and childhood obesity. Many Indigenous communities are responding to issues related to healthy food access by attempting to rebuild local food capacity in their specific regions. Important first steps have been taken in developing local food initiatives, yet whether these initiatives are improving northern food security remains to be seen. We explore this question by working with the Oji-Cree First Nation in the community of Wapekeka, northern Ontario, to construct a hoop house and develop a school-based community gardening program. Using a community-based participatory approach, we determined that hoop house and gardening initiatives in rural, northern settings have the potential to build up local food production, develop the skills and knowledge of community members, engage youth in growing local food, and align with land-based food teachings. We show that despite widespread and multidimensional community hardships, there was considerable community buy-in and support for the project, which gives hope for future development and provides important insight for those seeking to initiate similar gardening, hoop house, or greenhouse initiatives in northern Indigenous communities.

Analisis Prilaku Ibu Rumah Tangga di Perkotaan Terhadap Pemanfaatan Teknologi Aquavertikulture Inovasi Pengembangan Budidaya Pertanian dan Perikanan pada Lahan Sempit

Urban is the destination and center of all community activities. According to Harahap,(2013) states that each population has a significant increase and population growth.Communities living in cities are highly demanded to have high productivity in order tocompete and meet their individual needs. But it cannot be denied that there are some urbancommunities who are not able to compete with the population. The profession of ahousewife in one example is a society that is not competitive and unproductive. Based onnational socio-economic survey data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (2004) statedthat most mothers in cities from 40 years who have children are 63.3% of households and29.6% of them are career women. This is because being a housewife in a city depends moreon the husband's income. Lately in Indonesia there has been considerable economicupheaval in various sectors that have enabled an increase in various needs in variousregions of Indonesia. This condition requires housewives to play the brain to supportfamily needs. Aquaverticuture insulation of agricultural development and efforts inincreasing productive business of housewives is a solution that can be offered insupporting the economy, this implementation program will be implemented in thecommunity of housewives in urban areas, while the areas to be piloted in this program arethe Circle of Friends Dahlia and Gardania at Sulfate Gardens Housing, PandanwangiVillage, Blimbing, Malang City.

Analisis Prilaku Ibu Rumah Tangga di Perkotaan Terhadap Pemanfaatan Teknologi Aquavertikulture Inovasi Pengembangan Budidaya Pertanian dan Perikanan pada Lahan Sempit

Urban is the destination and center of all community activities. According to Harahap,(2013) states that each population has a significant increase and population growth.Communities living in cities are highly demanded to have high productivity in order tocompete and meet their individual needs. But it cannot be denied that there are some urbancommunities who are not able to compete with the population. The profession of ahousewife in one example is a society that is not competitive and unproductive. Based onnational socio-economic survey data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (2004) statedthat most mothers in cities from 40 years who have children are 63.3% of households and29.6% of them are career women. This is because being a housewife in a city depends moreon the husband's income. Lately in Indonesia there has been considerable economicupheaval in various sectors that have enabled an increase in various needs in variousregions of Indonesia. This condition requires housewives to play the brain to supportfamily needs. Aquaverticuture insulation of agricultural development and efforts inincreasing productive business of housewives is a solution that can be offered insupporting the economy, this implementation program will be implemented in thecommunity of housewives in urban areas, while the areas to be piloted in this program arethe Circle of Friends Dahlia and Gardania at Sulfate Gardens Housing, PandanwangiVillage, Blimbing, Malang City.