Abstract
BACKGROUND The longstanding application of insecticides for vector control without periodic monitoring of the population response to these chemicals can directly drive the selection of resistant populations of vector mosquitoes. Tocantins is the newest state of the Brazilian Federation. Despite a historically high number of dengue cases, studies and monitoring data concerning insecticide resistance in the state are lacking.OBJECTIVES To verify the resistance status of Aedes aegypti from 10 populations distributed throughout the state connected by rivers and roads.METHODS Between 50 and 150 ovitraps were installed in house gardens within each municipality. Collection points were established based on the importance of the towns and on geographic aspects. Dose response bioassays were performed in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. Molecular assays were conducted to detect kdr mutations, which are related to pyrethroid resistance.FINDINGS Of the 3,200 ovitrap paddles analysed, 25.8% contained eggs, with a total of 55,687 eggs collected. With the exception of Caseara, all evaluated populations were considered to be resistant to temephos. The data showed different levels of resistance to deltamethrin among the samples. Caseara and Guaraí showed the lowest RR95 values. On average, the NaVR1 kdr allele was most frequent (40.3%), followed by NaVS (38.1%), and NaVR2 (21.6%). Palmas, the capital of the state, had the highest frequency of kdr alleles (87.5%).MAIN CONCLUSIONS With the exception of Palmas, the towns with the highest indexes (ovitrap positivity, number and density of eggs), as well with high levels of resistance and kdr alleles were located along the BR-153 road, indicating that the flow of people and cargo can contribute to the dispersion of the vector and potentially resistance. This study contributes substantially to knowledge regarding the insecticide resistance profile of Tocantins mosquito populations; the data generated via the study could facilitate the judicious use of insecticides by vector control programs.
Highlights
The longstanding application of insecticides for vector control without periodic monitoring of the population response to these chemicals can directly drive the selection of resistant populations of vector mosquitoes
During the years that the insecticide resistance profile of the Brazilian mosquito populations was evaluated, only two towns in Tocantins (Araguaína and Palmas) were assessed with regard to temephos resistance in separate years (2006 and 2009).(21) to address the lack of data, we aim to investigate the presence and resistance status of Ae. aegypti from populations of Tocantins connected by two transfer routes, rivers and roads
Mosquito collections and laboratory rearing - Collections were conducted in collaboration with the Laboratório de Entomologia Médico-Veterinária at Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Tocantins (Funtrop), with support from Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ) in Araguaína, Palmas, Guaraí, Gurupi, and Colinas do Tocantins, and Vigilância Epidemiológica in Araguatins, Tocantinópolis, Paraíso do Tocantins, Porto Nacional, and Caseara
Summary
To verify the resistance status of Aedes aegypti from 10 populations distributed throughout the state connected by rivers and roads
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