Gansu Province Of China Research Articles

First record of the genus Schistomitra Butler, 1881 (Lepidoptera, Epicopeiidae) from China, with the description of a new species.

The epicopeiid moth genus Schistomitra Butler, 1881 is reported outside Japan for the first time, with a new species, Schistomitra joelmineti Huang & Wang, sp. nov., described from the southern part of Shaanxi and Gansu Province in China. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided, and the distribution pattern of the genus is discussed.

Two New Species of the Genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 from Gansu Province of China (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

A new species group of Trechus Clairville, 1806 has been established to include two new rather isolated species of the genus from southern Gansu, China. Both species were collected in the high mountains located WSW of Longnan (= Wudu) City: T. glebisp. n. (from the valley, situated 8–11 km SE of Guazigou Village) and T. rhombussp. n. (from the sources of the Yantanghe River). In their external characters, members of the glebi-species group are characterized, first of all, by the Epaphius-like robust appearance and the posterior position of the preapical pore on elytra typical of the true Trechus.

Three‐dimensional electrical exploration methods for the mapping of polymetallic targets in Gansu Province, China

ABSTRACTWe describe a three‐dimensional electrical exploration system, and its use in carrying out a three‐dimensional survey on a polymetallic deposit located in China's Gansu Province. A time‐domain‐induced polarization method, along with a controlled‐source audiomagnetotelluric method, was used to survey the same station points for comparison. Then, a three‐dimensional inversion based on the incomplete Gauss–Newton method (for time‐domain‐induced polarization) and a nonlinear conjugate gradient (for controlled‐source audiomagnetotelluric) method were developed and applied in order to model the data sets. Four subsurface targets were mapped by the three‐dimensional electrical exploration method. A strong correlation was found between the zones of the revealed ore‐bearing anomalies and the geological setting. Using the results of the three‐dimensional electrical exploration, we revealed the spatial distribution of the ore‐bearing stratum, as well as the relationship between the ore bodies and the stratum. The results potentially provided evidence for future interpretations of deep geological structures, along with evaluations of mineral resources.

First molecular evidence of Babesia occultans and Theileria separata infection in ticks and sheep in China.

Protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia and Theileria are significant tick-borne pathogens of domestic animals and cause economic losses to the livestock industry in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. In this study, 274 blood samples and 32 tick samples were collected from four counties of Wuwei City in northwestern China in June and July in 2018. The DNA from the field samples was analyzed for Babesia or Theileria infection using specific PCR and sequencing based on 18S rRNA gene fragments. The total infection rates were 0.4% for B. motasi and T. separata (both 1/274) in sheep, 3.1% for T. annulata (1/32), 6.2% for B. occultans (2/32) and 9.4% for B. bigemina (3/32) in ticks, respectively. In particular, T. separata has been for the first time detected in sheep in China and B. occultans in Hyalomma asiaticum from Gansu Province of China.

ANALYSIS OF JIAYUGUAN [嘉峪关] PAVILIONS' DEFORMATION AND ITS INFLUENCE FACTORS WITH THE APPLICATION OF COMPREHENSIVE TECHNOLOGY

Abstract. In the case study of Guanghua Pavilion [光化楼] located in Jiayuguan [嘉峪关] City, Gansu province in China, the 3D laser scanning technology and leveling technology are used to analyze overall tilt, columns tilt and uneven settlement of the pavilion. It is found that Guanghua Pavilion [光化楼] tilted to the southeast; most of the columns from the first floor to the third floor tilted to the northeast and east directions, and all the tilted distance of the columns is within 100 mm.; a certain amount of uneven settlement happened on Guanghua Pavilion [光化楼], in which the east side sinks more obviously. In the process of analyzing the influencing factors of deformation, numerical wind tunnel simulation and Midas Gen modeling methods are used. It is concluded that the external wind load is the main cause of Jiayuguan [嘉峪关] pavilions’ deformation.

Method to quantitatively partition the temporal preferential flow and matrix infiltration in forest soil

Preferential flow is a major part of water infiltration, to partition the rainwater into the runoff generation and soil recharge in forest soil. A method is advanced in this study to measure soil matrix infiltration to verify its uniformity, before it was used to partition temporal preferential flow from the total infiltration employing two double-ring infiltrometers. A thin layer of fine sands were placed onto the nylon cloth in the inner ring and between the inner and outer rings of one double-ring infiltrometer to shelter the preferential paths and ensure that water infiltrates the soil matrix only. The other double-ring infiltrometer was directly inserted a shallow depth into soil to measure total infiltration at a nearby spot. Therefore, the difference of the total and the matrix infiltration is used to determine the preferential flow infiltration. Field experiments were conducted at five sites of a forested field in Tianshui Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station, on the Loess Plateau, Gansu province of China. Experimental results indicated that the soil matrix infiltration processes at the five sites were roughly the same, thereby indicating that the matrix infiltration at one spot could be replaced by that of the nearby spot at the experimental site. The measured matrix infiltration can be used to partition the preferential infiltration from the total. The measured initial preferential flow infiltration rate (PIR) was 2.6–10.2 times of soil matrix infiltration rate (MIR) and the steady PIR was 2.3–4.9 times of that of the MIR. Preferential cumulative infiltration contributed 66–82% to total infiltration. These highlighted that preferential flow was a main part of forest soil infiltration at the experiment sites. This study provides a convenient method for fast determination of preferential flow infiltration in field conditions which is helpful for managing agricultural water resources and infiltration-related ecosystem service.

The Rates and Medical Necessity of Cesarean Delivery in the Era of the Two-Child Policy in Hubei and Gansu Provinces, China

To describe the cesarean rates in different child policy periods and assess the medical necessity of cesareans during the 2-child policy period. We collected hospital-level aggregate data on 93 745 deliveries and individual-level data on 27 977 deliveries from 6 hospitals in the Hubei and Gansu provinces of China from 2013 to 2016. Experts in gynecology and obstetrics assessed the medical necessity of 1024 randomly selected cesareans in 2016. The overall cesarean rate decreased significantly from 45.1% in the 1-child policy period (January 2013-September 2014) to 40.4% in the selective 2-child policy period (October 2014-July 2016) and further to 38.9% in the universal 2-child policy period (August 2016-December 2016). The rate of cesarean delivery on maternal request decreased by 46.3%, whereas the rate of cesarean delivery indicated by a previous cesarean delivery increased by 118.8% (P < .001). The experts assessed 222 (21.6%) cesareans as lacking medical necessity. The overall cesarean rate in Hubei and Gansu provinces decreased after the implementation of the 2-child policy, and one fifth of cesareans might be nonessential.

Load Characteristics of Tunnel Lining in Flooded Loess Strata considering Loess Structure

Loess has a unique structure and water sensitivity, and the immersion of loess leads to many tunnel lining problems in shallowly buried tunnels. Based on a tunnel in Gansu Province in China, two failure glide planes of a shallowly buried loess tunnel and their immersion modes are summarized. Finite element calculation of the structural Duncan‐Chang constitutive model is realized via the secondary development of finite element software, by which the loads on the secondary lining are calculated and verified in comparison with measured results. The load characteristics of the secondary lining are studied. The load evolution is closely related to the immersion position and scope of the load. After the loess near the failure glide plane of the arch foot is flooded, the load on the arch foot sharply increases. As the immersion expands, the maximum load moves from the arch end up to the hance. After the loess near the failure glide plane of the hance is flooded, the load on the hance decreases slightly. The stability of the overlying loess decreases gradually, which causes the loads on the vault and arch shoulder to rapidly increase. Additionally, the load distribution characteristics on the secondary lining are summarized.

Preliminary report on the study of postharvest fruit rot bacteria and yeasts in Lanzhou Lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) in China

AbstractFruit rot is one of the most important factors affecting the postharvest quality and shelf life of Lanzhou Lily fruits. The aims of this study were to characterize different isolates from Lanzhou Lily using morphological and molecular approaches and to test their pathogenicity in Lanzhou Lily fruit. Different isolates were collected from decayed Lanzhou Lily fruits in Lanzhou in Gansu Province in China during 2016 and 2017. In total, four isolates were obtained and identified based on their DNA sequences of the 16S rDNA and 26S rDNA genes in combination with the morphological characteristics of the cultures and sporulation. Of the four isolates, one was identified as Bacillus safensis, one was Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and the other two isolates were Metschnikowia pulcherrima. The pathogenicity tests showed that all four isolates were pathogenic in Lanzhou Lily fruit. Previously Fusarium tricinctum has been reported to be the primary cause of fruit rot in Lanzhou Lily throughout the world. Our report is the first to show results that indicate that B. safensis, S. maltophilia and M. pulcherrima are pathogenic in Lanzhou Lily in China. This is the first report on the bacteria and yeast that infect Lanzhou Lily fruits.

A novel combined model based on echo state network – a case study of PM10 and PM2.5 prediction in China

ABSTRACTParticulate Matters such as PM10, PM2.5 may contain heavy metal oxides and harmful substances that threaten human health and environmental quality. In this paper, we propose a new combined neural network algorithm which based on Elman, echo state network (ESN) and cascaded BP neural network (CBP) to predict PM10 and PM2.5. In order to further improve the performance of the prediction result, we use the simulated annealing algorithm (SA) to optimize the parameters in the combination method to form the optimal combination model. And particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the parameters in ESN. The chemical species in the atmosphere which include SO2, NO, NO2, O3 and CO in Baiyin, Gansu Province of China are used to test and verify the proposed combined method. The experimental results show that the prediction performance of the combined model presented in this paper is indeed superior to other three neural network models.

Preparation of oil sorbents of corn straw and its application in oil-water separation

The leakage of crude oil at sea and the discharge of domestic oily wastewater are likely to cause environmental pollution and threaten human health. Therefore, the development of techniques for the collection and recovery of the large amount of oil from water is attracting worldwide attention. To deal with the polluted water by spilled oil, materials with special wettability have been designed and developed over the past decades. Currently, metal meshes, sponges and cotton fabrics as well as particles with superhydrophobicity/superoleophiliciy or superhydrophiliciy/superoleophobicity have often been employed to separate oil and water mixtures. However, how to remove the spilled oil from water via techniques of low operation cost, high separation selectivity and efficiency as well as good recoverability for reuse without causing secondary contamination to environment is still a big challenge. Consequently, it is highly desirable to develop a new and advanced oil-water mixtures separation material that can selectively absorb oil while completely repelling water. Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer, which is mainly used as a raw material to produce paper and cotton fabrics. Plant-derived cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, and usually found in a mixture with hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and other substances. Corn is a very common crop and widely planted in the Zhangye district of Gansu Province in China, and the corn straw are very abundant after harvest in autumn. However, the unused and accumulated corn straw can be easily rotted and hence cause the waste of resources, and the traditional treatment of burning can also induce serious environment pollution. With the consideration of the wide source, low cost, light weight, high oil adsorption capacity, good floatability in water as well as easy recycling, the corn straw is an ideal raw material which can be employed to prepare oil sorbent. In this research, corn straw was employed to fabricate oil sorbent. Corn straw was first crushed and then immersed into ZnO sol for 24 h, subsequently, corn straw powders were taken out and dried in air at 80°C. Finally, the dip-coated corn straw powders were immersed in octyltrimethoxy silane (OTS) solution for 24 h, taken out and dried at 120°C, and then, the corn straw powders begun to exhibit superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. Water contact angle on the superhydrophobic corn straw powders is 158.6° and the sliding angle of water droplet is about 4°, but the oil droplets can spread out completely on the corn straw powders due to the superoleophilicity. Synergy effects between surface morphology and surface chemical composition are known as the crucial factors to realize the opposite wettability to oil and water. The surface morphology and surface chemical composition of the obtained corn straw powders with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), respectively, and the wettability were measured with an optical contact angle meter at ambient temperature. The research indicates that both the dip-coating ZnO sol and surface modification with OTS play an important role for the performance of superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity of corn straw powders. Because water and many oils are intrinsically immiscible, and the corn straw powders with extremely different affinities towards oils and water can be employed to separate oil-water mixtures by ways of filtration, and the separation efficiency towards water and oil is up to 99.6% and 98.0%. In addition, the spilled oil on water can also be removed by adsorption. Compared with the adsorption capacity of the pristine corn straw powder to spilled oil, the adsorption capacity of superhydrophobic corn straw powder is much high, and the corresponding adsorption capacity is 2.1 and 3.8 g/g, respectively. Moreover, the corn straw and spilled oil adsorbed by superhydrophobic corn straw can be reused and recovered by treatment of high speed centrifugation. When the adsorption time increased from 1 to 10, the water contact angle on the recovered corn straw powders is still about 156°±1°, and the corresponding sliding angle of water is about 8°, and the average percentage of recovery of superhydrophobic corn straw to hexadecane is above 70%. The design and fabrication of oil sorbent of superhydrophobic-superoleophilic corn straw made by dip-coating ZnO sol and modifying with OTS are expected to provide a new idea for the processing and utilization of corn straw as well as preparation of oil sorbents.

Measurement and analysis of the internal displacement and spatial effect due to tunnel excavation in hard rock

It is very difficult to observe the deformation of the surrounding rock within a very short time after excavation in hard rock such as granite. This paper reports an in situ monitoring test of the internal displacement of the surrounding rock conducted using multi-point extensometers that were pre-embedded before excavation in the Beishan Exploration Tunnel (BET) in China's Gansu Province. The internal deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock throughout the whole tunnel excavation process were analyzed, and an analysis of the spatial effect of the tunnel excavation face and an estimation of the loss displacement were carried out with 3 typical longitudinal deformation profile (LDP) curve equations: the Lee equation, the Hoek equation and the Vlachopoulos and Diederichs (V-D) equation. The results show that under the geological conditions of Beishan granite, the internal displacement of the surrounding rock throughout the whole process of blasting excavation passes through 3 stages, including initial growth, rapid growth and stable convergence. The temporal curve of the internal displacement of the surrounding rock near a measuring section shows stepwise characteristics, which are similar to the morphological characteristics of a creep test curve for rock subjected to graded loading. Measuring points farther from the side wall of the tunnel are less affected by the spatial effect of the tunnel excavation face and experience a larger displacement release ahead of the tunnel face relative to the total displacement. The loss displacement calculated with the Hoek equation is closest to the measured value; thus, the Hoek equation is the optimal estimation equation. When the measuring section is located 2 m from the tunnel face, the loss displacement accounts for more than 50% of the total displacement.

Adsorption properties and mechanism of purified palygorskite on methylene blue

The palygorskite clay minerals from Gansu Province in China were purified by suspension precipitation method using sodium hexametaphosphate solution as dispersion reagent. The content of quartz and dolomite associated minerals in palygorskite clay minerals reduced effectively after purification, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectra (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The purified palygorskite exhibits excellent adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB) in water, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 219.69 mg g−1. The adsorption kinetic studies revealed that adsorption kinetic of palygorskite on MB followed pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption mechanism of palygorskite for MB was discussed in detail via zeta potential analysis, N2 adsorption desorption curve and BET analysis, and infrared absorption spectrum analysis. The results demonstrated that the adsorption mechanism may be attributed to electrostatic interaction between MB and the negative charge on the palygorskite surface. Meanwhile, the bond M-OH in palygorskite structure can combine with N, S element in MB to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Research on Potential Evaluation and Sustainable Development of Rural Biomass Energy in Gansu Province of China

The development and utilization of renewable energy is an important way to solve the environmental dilemma. Biomass energy is a kind of renewable energy and one of the most widely distributed and easily accessible energy forms. It has currently become a main direction of renewable energy development. This paper took Gansu Province of China as the research object to calculate its theoretical reserves of biomass energy resources and then evaluate its potential of biomass energy development by using TOPSIS method under different agricultural development and geographical environmental conditions. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was also performed to reveal the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the potential of biomass energy development in Gansu Province. The results show that: (1) The total reserves of biomass energy resources from agricultural wastes in Gansu Province reach 7.28 × 107 t/year, with equivalent biogas production of about 1.95 × 1010 m3/year. (2) In most counties of Gansu Province, the Ci value is smaller than 0.5000, indicating that the potential of biomass energy development is relatively low in Gansu Province. (3) The spatial agglomeration of biomass energy development potential occurs mainly in the Hexi area, the Gannan area and the Loess Plateau area of East Gansu Province. (4) There is an area with obvious high-low (H-L) agglomeration of biomass energy development potential to the north-west side of the Gannan area with low-low (L-L) agglomeration of biomass energy development potential. It is a key zone to help drive biomass energy development in the Gannan area. (5) The spatial range of positive correlation (high-high and low-low agglomeration) areas shrunk during the evaluation period.

Social capital and Rotating Labor Associations in rural China

This paper studies social capital and households' participation in Rotating Labor Associations (ROLAs) in rural China. I employ both self-reported trust and the presence of village temple prior to 1949 as proxies for social capital. I find that households in communities with higher levels of social capital are more likely to participate in ROLAs, using household data collected from the Gansu province in China.

A15972 The characteristic of adrenoceptor related gene polymorphism of hypertension in northwest region Han people of China

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the the characteristic of adrenoceptor related gene polymorphism of hypertension in northwest region Han people of China. Methods: Genetic analysis of the Arg347Cys polymorphism was conducted by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. We have compared cardiovascular risk variables and genotypes using ANOVA, and Chi-square test for univariate comparisons and logistic regression for multivariate comparisons. A case-control study comprising 576 hypertension cases and 576 controls from the general population of Gansu province in China was used to evaluate the association of 13 adrenoceptor tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tagSNPs) in northwest region Han people of China. Genetic analysis of the adrenoceptor related gene polymorphism was conducted by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism Results: Three SNPs were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), including rs17327624 (p = 6.167 × 10–4, beta = 5.650), rs3789243 (p = 4.331 × 10–3, beta = 2.800), and rs4148734 (p = 3.514 × 10–3, beta = 3.692). Rs17327624 (p = 2.818 × 10–4, beta = 2.753) and rs3789243 (p = 6.345 × 10–3, beta = 1.497) were significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and rs17327624 was significantly associated with hypertension (p = 1.746 × 10–4, OR = 1.605). These three SNPs (rs17327624, rs3789243 and rs4148734) were also associated with hypertension in female subjects but no significant signal was detected in males. Conclusion: Our results suggest that ABCB1 polymorphisms may contribute to the blood pressure variation in northwest region Han people of China and the effect may be specific in females.

The Evaluation of Forest Cultural Value Based on WTP: A Case Study in Diebu County of Gansu Province in China

The Evaluation of Forest Cultural Value Based on WTP: A Case Study in Diebu County of Gansu Province in China

A keratin-associated protein (KAP) gene that is associated with variation in cashmere goat fleece weight

The keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are key constituents of cashmere fibres. Of the many mammalian KAP genes (KRTAPs), KRTAP20-1 has been described in humans, but it has not been described in any other species. A search for comparable sequences in the goat genome using the human KRTAP20-1 sequence as a model, revealed an open reading frame on chromosome 1 that would encode a high glycine/tyrosine KAP. Using PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis as a screening tool, four different banding patterns were identified in 406 cashmere goats from the Longdong District of the Gansu Province in China. These represented four unique DNA sequences that were named A - D, and six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in them. The sequences had highest similarity to the human KRTAP20-1 sequence, and this suggests they are variants of caprine KRTAP20-1. The gene was expressed in secondary fibre follicles, but not in the longissimus dorsi muscle, and tissue from goat heart, liver, lungs and kidneys. Variant A was associated with crimped (un-straightened) fibre length and increased weight of harvested cashmere fibre per goat. Variant B was associated with a reduction in the weight of harvested fibre. Genotype AA goats had a greater harvested fibre weight and crimped fibre length, than genotype BB goats.

A comparative study about superamphiphobicity and stability of superamphiphobic coatings based on Palygorskite

Abstract Naturally rich clay minerals are receiving increasing attention recently in preparation of super anti-wetting coatings, superhydrophobic and superamphiphobic ones. Clay minerals are a class of very promising natural building blocks for constructing microstructures of the coatings. Clay minerals such as Palygorskite (Pal), kaolinite, halloysite nanotubes and montmorillonite have been used. However, the comparative study about the effects of source of clay minerals on properties of the coatings remains a gap to be filled. Here, the first comparative study about superamphiphobicity and stability of superamphiphobic coatings based on Pal from different sources was reported. The superamphiphobic coatings were fabricated by hydrolytic condensation of silanes in the presence of Pal followed by spray-coating the as-prepared dispersions onto substrates. Five Pal samples from Anhui, Jiangsu and Gansu Provinces of China were chosen, and their effects on superamphiphobicity and stability of the coatings were studied using various analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The superamphiphobicity and stability depend on micro/nanostructures of the coatings, originating from the microstructures of Pal. The Pal sample from Anhui is more suitable for preparing superamphiphobic coatings than the others because of the higher Mg content and the higher aspect ratio of the Pal nanorods. The finding will shed light on the progress of the clay-based super anti-wetting coatings.

A Study on the Groundwater Contamination by the Agriculture Fertilizer Inputs and its Spatial Distribution Pattern in the Zhangye Basin, Northwest China

The Heihe River is one of the largest rivers in Gansu province in China, which originates from Qilian Mountains and terminates at Ejina Basin in Gobi desert. The river is the only water source of the region, which is highly dependent on agriculture-based economy. The recent changes of economic and environmental sectors have been affected the sustainable agricultural practices of the region. Those changes may give adverse impacts on water quality. In this context, this study focuses on the water quality of both shallow-groundwater and deep-groundwater in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, the main agricultural region of the basin. Total of 35 water samples are used for measure water quality, i.e NO3− , NO2−, NH3 and pH. The water quality measurement results indicate two different spatial distribution patterns of chemical contamination respectively for shallow and deep ground water. This paper discusses the current spatial pattern of nitrogen contamination of the groundwater and its temporal change through the comparison with the past studies.