Effect Of Gamma Irradiation Research Articles

Assessment of the Effects of Gamma Radiation on Qualitative and Quantitative Traits of Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Variety MO 4

Healthy seeds of red rice variety (Bhadra-MO 4) were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation at 15, 25, 35 and 45kR at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India. In M1 generation, 15kR and 25kR doses did not reduce the seed germination and its percentage. LD50 was found at 35kR dose, where seed germination was 51%, while at 45kR dose killed most of the seeds and the plant survival rate was reduced drastically (27%) as compared to the control (97%). Increased mean and variability were noticed in the number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains and filled grains per panicle and grain yield per plot at 15 and 25kR doses, meanwhile at 35kR dose exhibited reduced mean and increased quantitative variability and at 45kR dose showed decreased mean and variability for all the traits. Lower doses (15 and 25kR) of gamma radiation could be effectively used in mutation breeding for red rice crop improvement, which induces the stimulatory effect on grain yield.

Experimental measurements of gamma-radiation effects on fiber-optic cables

This paper reports on our study of the effect of gamma-ray irradiation on two types of experimental fiber-optic cables. The first type of cable, CTFS, had a jelly-filling compound, whereas the second type, CTDS, was without the jelly. The cables contained three multi-mode (A, B, C) and five single-mode (D, E, F, G, H) optical fibers. The study was performed using two gamma-irradiation facilities with 60Co sources for slow long-term irradiation with the dose of 80.5 kGy at the low dose rate of 5.5 Gy/h and with the dose of 65.5 kGy at the higher dose irradiation rate of 0.94 kGy/h. After the irradiation with the dose of 80.5 kGy, the C fiber in the CTDS cable had the optical loss of 5.91 dB; 140 days after the gamma treatment at the wavelength of 1300 nm, it was 4.96 dB. The lowest optical losses for a single-mode fiber after irradiation with the dose of 65.5 kGy were found for the D fiber in the cable CTFS, namely 3.26 dB at 1490 nm and 3.49 dB at 1310 nm. In the fiber E in the CTDS cable, the optical loss was 3.62 dB at 1550 nm. In the fiber F in the CTDS cable, it was 3.86 dB at 1310 nm.

Effect of gamma-irradiation on the photoluminescence of silver-doped lithium triborate glass.

Optical-luminescence properties, including absorption spectra, photoluminescence excitation spectra, and changes in photoluminescence spectra after irradiation with γ-rays in the dose range of 1-3Gy, were measured for novel L i B 3 O 5:A g dosimeter glass. A clear dependence of the intensity of the photoluminescence (PL), with a maximum of approximately 300nm, on the dose value when excited by light with λ e x c =220n m was observed. The mechanism of PL in γ-irradiated L i B 3 O 5:A g glass is proposed to be a consequence of radiation annihilation with the emission of relaxed exciton-like electronic excitations with the participation of impurity defects (A g 0) in the glass structure. Considering that L i B 3 O 5 has an effective atomic number of Z e f f =7.39, which is the closest to Z e f f =7.42 of human body tissue, L i B 3 O 5:A g glass can be very promising for γ-dosimetry in medical practice during radiation therapy of patients with cancer. The presence of lithium Li(6) and boron B(10) isotopes increases the sensitivity of L i B 3 O 5:A g glass to neutrons, which is promising for the manufacture of individual neutron dosimeters for applications in a new field of radiation therapy-neutron therapy.

A new technique for using gamma irradiation to enhance silver nanoparticles synthesized by chemical reduction and their effect on tomato early blight disease under field conditions

Early blight disease causes a significant loss in tomato production. This study focuses on the effective suppression of Alternaria solani, which causes huge losses in tomato yield. This research was conducted at the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority Nuclear Research Centre. Infected plants were treated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Two chemical materials, sodium borohydride and trisodium phosphate, were used for the synthesized silver nanoparticles. 1% polyvinylpyridine (PVP) was used as a stabilizer agent. AgNPs were exposed to several doses of gamma irradiation (0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24) kilo Gray (kGy) in order to enhance and maximize the effect of AgNPs on Alternaria solani. UV–Vis spectroscopy (UV), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize AgNPs; sodium borohydride and trisodium citrate were used for the chemical reduction. AgNPs and AgNPs + gamma irradiation led to increases in shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight; they also elevated the antioxidant enzymes, as well as peroxides and catalase, when compared with control (untreated) plants. AgNPs and AgNPs + gamma irradiation decreased the disease severity compared with the control untreated. Our study not only corroborates established trends in nano-agriculture but also introduces novel insights into the specific effects of gamma irradiation on AgNP that led to a decrease in this size in the quantum dot range (3–10) nm, as shown in Tem. By drawing parallels with the work of esteemed researchers in the field.

Effect of gamma irradiation and electrospinning applications on the physicochemical, antioxidant, and molecular properties of anthocyanin colorant obtained from black carrot pomace

This research article describes the approach of the electrospinning technique for the development of nanofibers from anthocyanin powder and the possibility of using biodegradable polymers, such as gelatin. The irradiation technique was also examined to improve the technological properties of the AP, which was prepared from black carrot pomace. In the present study, the monomeric anthocyanin content of the anthocyanin powder was reduced from 254.6 to 167.9 mg/g after irradiation treatment. The nano-encapsulated anthocyanin powder with wall material showed stronger color properties compared to those of the irradiated samples. FTIR results revealed that changes in OH stretching and galacturonic acid peaks were observed in anthocyanin powder samples at wave numbers of 3500–3200 cm−1 and 800–1000 cm−1, respectively. The electrospinning technique showed a significant improvement in the thermal stability of the AP compared to that with irradiation. Based on this evidence thus far, it can be concluded that irradiation and electrospinning are promising techniques to develop a natural red colorant from industrial food waste for food, food supplement, and pharmaceutical applications. Industrial relevanceNatural colorants are attracting growing attention as a result of consumer demand. For this reason, the black carrot pomace can be considered an important source of natural colorants from industrial food waste resulting from juice extraction. However, the use of BCP to produce red colorants for various products (eg., food and food supplements) is not an easy task. In this regard, both electrospinning and irradiation are beneficial and effective technologies to produce a red colorant from industrial food waste sources, and improve its technological properties that provide opportunities for clean labeling.

Comparison of Proton and Gamma Irradiation on Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes

In this paper, the effects of proton and gamma irradiation on reach-through single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are investigated. The I–V characteristics, gain and spectral response of SPAD devices under proton and gamma irradiation were measured at different proton energies and irradiation bias conditions. Comparison experiments of proton and gamma irradiation were performed in the radiation environment of geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) with two different radiation shielding designs at the same total ionizing dose (TID). The results show that after 30 MeV and 60 MeV proton irradiation, the leakage current and gain increase, while the spectral response decreases slightly. The leakage current degradation is more severe under the “ON”-bias condition compared to the “OFF”-bias condition, and it is more sensitive to the displacement radiation damage caused by protons compared to gamma rays under the same TID. Further analysis reveals that the non-elastic and elastic cross-section of protons in silicon is 1.05 × 105 times greater than that of gamma rays. This results in SPAD devices being more sensitive to displacement radiation damage than ionizing radiation damage. Under the designed shielding conditions, the leakage current, gain and spectral response parameters of SPADs do not show significant performance degradation in the orbit.

Highlighting the effects of gamma irradiation of the brain through non-conventional X-ray imaging

Whole brain irradiation is largely used as an alternative radiotherapy of brain tumors that cannot be eliminated by surgery so the effects of ionizing radiation on brain healthy tissue represents an important research domain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the irradiation effects on in vitro brain tissue spheroids models as well as the whole mouse brain using standard cellular biology assays and a multi-energy X-ray imaging technique. The spheroids irradiated with gamma rays (dose between 0–30 Gy) and treated with biocompatible nanoparticles consisting of concentrations between 0–100 μM proved to be morphologically stable and with a high radio-resistance. The reactive oxygen species concentration and the γ-H2AX foci number increase with the irradiation dose, as expected. The X-ray imaging with dual-energy technique method proposed here was able to differentiate between irradiated and control samples (whole brain). Concluding, our results proved the expected effects of ionizing radiation on brain tissue. The dual-energy X-ray imaging method tested here appears as a promising method for characterizing the ionizing radiation effects on the whole brain level.

Gamma radiation-induced degradation of Acid Violet 49 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an aqueous medium

Abstract The present study is about the effect of gamma radiations on the degradation of Acid Violet 49 (AV49) in the presence of H2O2 (γ/H2O2). The Cs-137 radiation source was calibrated to irradiate the aqueous solution of AV49 within the 1 kGy, 5 kGy & 10 kGy dose range. The results showed that 50–150 mg/L of AV49 was effectively degraded by γ radiation (85 %), however, the concentration of H2O2 in the range of 0.2–0.6 mL promoted degradation to 90 % and 98 %, respectively. It was observed that all absorption bands declined with rising irradiation dose and disappeared completely after 10 kGy applied dose. pH conditions (3, 5,7, and 9) were used in the radio-lytic degradation of AV49, the results showed that the best degradation efficiency has been found for pH 9. The optimum degradation rate is higher (98 %) with a 50 mg/L concentration of AV49, 0.6 mL H2O2, and pH 9 at a 10 kGy absorbed dose. In addition, the influence of various parameters on the rate of degradation such as the effect of irradiation dose, pH, H2O2, and dye (AV49) concentration was also studied. Furthermore, the removal of total organic carbon TOC was not as effective as that of the AV 49. Total nitrogen TN was not completely removed even at high dosage. Radio-lytic degradation of AV49 was analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as an analytical technique. Results revealed that the proposed methodology for degradation of dyes is effective and probably could be applied for the removal of other toxic pollutants.

The effect of gamma radiation on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion in water and dimethyl sulfoxide

Abstract 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a biomass-based chemical platform that can undergo many feasible reactions. One of the most important reactions is the oxidation to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which is the monomer for bioplastic production. In this work, the radiation method was used to investigate the conversion of HMF in both aqueous (DI) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. The effects of media solvents, atmospheric gases, HMF concentrations, additive bases, and absorbed doses of gamma radiation were studied. The results showed that the media solvent played a crucial role in HMF conversion under gamma irradiation. At 30 kGy, the HMF conversions in DI and DMSO were 92.1 and 24.1%, respectively, and the oxidation products were only found in the irradiated samples under DMSO. The HMF conversion and oxidation product formation increased with the gamma radiation dose. Moreover, it was found that FDCA stability toward gamma irradiation is highly sensitive in aqueous solution but relatively stable in DMSO. The results implied the alternative promising choice of radiation method compared with traditional methods. To join the bridge, the use of a mixture solvent DI/DMSO seems considerable in the future.

Gamma radiation effects on high-temperature superconducting ReBCO tape

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets are crucial components in future fusion reactors, subjected to prolonged irradiation and complex mechanical conditions. While the irradiation sensitivity of HTS materials has been extensively studied, limited research has explored the effects of force conditions during irradiation. This study investigated the influence of irradiation on ReBCO tapes. An irradiation experiment was conducted utilizing a Co60 source irradiation device. Superconductor properties were evaluated through the induction method, while microstructure analysis was performed using x-ray diffraction measurements. The results indicate that the critical current initially increases and subsequently decreases, while the critical temperature remains relatively stable. Furthermore, the bending degree during irradiation affects the critical current density, with a decrease in radius corresponding to a first increase and then subsequent decrease in critical current density. The force applied during irradiation exhibits a impact on the superconducting properties, underscoring the importance of considering force conditions in future investigations.

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Embryogenic Calli of Rice and Subsequent Shoot and Regeneration

This study was carried out during May 2021 to January 2022 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh for callus induction and regeneration ability of plantlet from low doses irradiated embryogenic calli of Binadhan-13 and BR5 (Dulabhog). The effect of low gamma rays such as 4, 6 and 8 Gy were observed in vitro shoot, root and plantlet formation. Two different incubation conditions such as light and dark incubation were maintained. Between two varieties, Binadhan-13 showed the highest ability of callus induction in both conditions. Callus induction was significantly higher under dark condition (77.14%) than light condition (67.14%) ‍at 21 days. Data revealed that gamma rays affect both shoot and root regeneration ability of embryogenic callus. Shoot regeneration ability was the highest at 4 Gy in Binadhan-13 (60%) and gradually decreased with the increased doses of gamma rays. Among the treatments, shoot regeneration ability (60% in Binadhan-13 and 50% in BR5) was higher at 4 Gy dose of gamma ray followed by 6 Gy where shoot regeneration ability was 55% and 45% in Binadhan-13 and BR5 respectively. In root induction, the highest root induction ability (80%) was observed in the cultivar Binadhan-13 at control condition. Like shoot regeneration, 4 Gy gamma ray showed better root induction in both the varieties (70% in Binadhan-13, 60% in BR5). The in vitro regenerated plantlets from irradiated embryogenic calli were successfully transferred to soil in pots. The regeneration protocol could be further used for varietal improvement of rice varieties using nuclear technique (60Co gamma ray). Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 37(2): 29-42, 2023

Gamma irradiation effects on microbial and qualitative properties of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) fresh fruit during storage

AbstractFruit of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) has high economic, medicinal, and nutritional values. Rosehip is rarely consumed fresh due to limitations of seasonality and short shelf life. They are usually processed, which affects the nutritional and sensory characteristics of rosehip products. Radiation processing along with storage at 4 °C is a way to increase safety and prolong fresh rosehip durability. Rosehip fruits were harvested at enough maturity stage, irradiated at doses of 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kGy, and stored at 25 and 4 °C for 60 days. Gamma irradiation at 1 kGy caused an increase in weight loss during storage for 60 days at 25 °C. Microbial counts, total phenolic contents (TPC), total anthocyanin contents (TAC), ascorbic acid contents (AAC), DPPH• scavenging activity, total colour difference (∆Eh), and sensory properties were acceptable in the sample irradiated at 1 kGy and preserved for 60 days at 4 °C. The amounts of acidity, pH, and total soluble solids (TSS) were not significantly different from the control. Gamma irradiation at 1 kGy and thereafter storage of the irradiated fruit at 4 °C are suggested as minimal processing and storage conditions of rosehip fresh fruit (RFF) for 60 days.

Gamma irradiation and ozone application as preservation methods for longer-term storage of bee pollen

Bee pollen is a healthy product with a good nutritional profile and therapeutic properties. Its high moisture content, however, promotes the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeast during storage commonly result in product degradation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of gamma irradiation (GI) and ozone (OZ) as bee pollen preservation methods for longer storage time, as well as whether they are influenced by pollen species. To do that, GI at a dosage of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 kGy was applied at a rate of 0.68 kGy/h and OZ application at a concentration of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 g/m3 was applied for one time for 6 h, to Egyptian clover and maize bee pollen, then stored at ambient temperature for 6 months. We then determined the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of treated and non-treated pollen samples at 0, 3, and 6 months of storage. Total bacteria, mold, and yeast count were also evaluated at 0, 2, 4, and 6 months. Statistical analyses revealed that, TPC, antioxidant, and microbial load of both clover and maize pollen samples were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by both treatment and storage time and their interaction. Both methods were extremely effective at preserving the antioxidant properties of pollen samples after 6 months of storage at room temperature. Furthermore, the highest concentrations of both GI and OZ applications completely protected pollen samples from mold and yeast while decreasing bacterial contamination. GI at the highest dose (7.5 KGy) was found to be more effective than other GI doses and OZ application in preserving biologically active compounds and lowering the microbial count of pollen samples for 6 months. As a result, we advise beekeepers to use GI at this dose for longer-term storage.

An anomalous low dose phenomenon in gamma irradiated BaTiO3-based commercial multilayer ceramic capacitors

Owing to its miniaturization and high dielectric permittivity, BaTiO3-based multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) have attracted more and more attention in recent years, and are widely used in gamma-ray environments, such as nuclear and space application. Compared to the extensively studied thermal or electrical reliability issues, the potential risks caused by irradiation have not been well understood, let alone the dielectric structure changes. Unlike the common monotonic dose-dependent trend, we found non-monotonic results in MLCCs with low dose, named as the anomalous low dose (ALD) phenomenon. That is the capacitance decreases at low gamma-ray doses, and then abnormally recovers to the initial value at high doses. Similar cases have been found in almost all the physical properties of MLCCs. Intensive characterizations help to confirm that it is the dose-dependent consistent lattice and electronic structure changes that are most likely to cause this anomalous phenomenon. In detail, the gamma irradiation induces charged defects and consequently lattice distortion, which reduces the number of domains with low-field inversion and eventually causes the capacitance decrease. This work provides a new cognition about the gamma irradiation effect of BaTiO3-based (BTO) dielectrics and commercial MLCCs based on BTO.

Comparative effects of microwave energy and gamma radiation on the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Comparative effects of microwave energy and gamma radiation on the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Gamma radiation-induced alterations in nanocrystalline titanium nitride (TiN) particles: A structural perspective

The effect of gamma radiation on the structure of nanocrystalline TiN particles was studied. Initially, nanocrystalline TiN particles were exposed to gamma radiation at doses of 50 kGy, 200 kGy, 900 kGy and 3.5 MGy. The crystal structure of non-irradiated and irradiated samples with different doses of gamma rays was studied by X-ray diffraction method. As a result of the determination analysis of the X-ray diffraction spectra by the Rietvield method, the dependence of the lattice parameters on the radiation dose was established. The effect of gamma irradiation on the size of crystallites was determined by the Scherrer equation. The amorphization occurred in nanocrystalline TiN particles was calculated by the method of integration of diffraction peaks. It was determined that 2.5% amorphization occurred in the specified irradiation interval.

Production and characterization of melanin pigment from black fungus Curvularia soli AS21 ON076460 assisted gamma rays for promising medical uses

Owing to the growing need for natural materials in different fields, studying melanin production from biological sources is imperative. In the current study, the extracellular melanin pigment was produced by the fungus Curvularia soli AS21 ON076460. The factors that affect the production of melanin were optimized by the Plackett-Burman design (P-BD). The effect of gamma irradiation on melanin productivity was investigated. The maximum melanin yield (3.376 mg/L) was elicited by a stimulus of gamma irradiation at 1.0 kGy. The results evoked that, Curvularia soli AS21 ON076460 melanin exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria and fungi. Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and P. digitatum were mostly affected by melanin registering the inhibition zone diameters of 37.51 ± 0.012 and 44.25 ± 0.214 mm, respectively. Moreover, Curvularia soli AS21 ON076460 melanin indicated a significant antiviral efficacy (77% inhibition) of Herpes simplex virus (HSV1). The melanin pigment showed antioxidant activities with IC50 of 42 ± 0.021 and 17 ± 0.02 µg/mL against DPPH and NO, respectively. Melanin had cytotoxic action against human breast cancer and skin cancer cell lines (Mcf7and A431) as well as exerting a low percentage of cell death against normal skin cell lines (Hfb4). Melanin was effective in wound management of human skin cells by 63.04 ± 1.83% compared with control (68.67 ± 1.10%). The novelty in the study is attributed to the possibility of using gamma rays as a safe method in small economic doses to stimulate melanin production from the fungi that have been isolated. In summary, melanin produced from fungi has significant biological activities that encourage its usage as a supportive medical route.

Selected physicochemical and morphological properties of Gamma‐Irradiated tapioca flour, rice flour, and pea flours

SummaryThe effects of gamma irradiation on selected physicochemical and morphological properties of tapioca, rice, and pea flours were studied. Treatments by gamma irradiation at different doses (0, 2.5, 5.5, and 7 kGy) caused changes in structure and physicochemical properties of starch granules of those flours. Generally, the solubility of tapioca, rice, and pea flour significantly increased (100.69%, 116.72%, and 15.18%, respectively) whereas swelling power (19.61%, 10.16%, and 25.08%), pasting parameters (peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and setback), enthalpy of gelatinisation (34.26%, 83.54%, and 84.80%) and syneresis (68.21%, 58.79%, and 26.91%) significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) as the dose of irradiation increased. Irradiation affected the pasting temperature and syneresis of pea flour more than those of tapioca and rice flours. Gamma irradiation did not change starch granule surface of the flours. This study demonstrated that the gamma‐irradiated flours had significant changes in physicochemical properties depending on the radiation dose; these changes will affect their uses in food formulations.

Evaluation of gamma irradiation effects on antioxidant capacity of propolis

The irradiation effects on antioxidant potential and on content of phenolic compounds of propolis ethanoic extracts were studied. It was found out that gamma treatment of samples with 2 and 10 kGy had a weak decreasing effect on the total phenolic content (TPC), while no change was observed in the propolis irradiated with 5 kGy. The antiradical activity of extracts was assessed by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity evaluated by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The EPR results were in agreement with TPC. Some main phenolic compounds of the studied non-irradiated and irradiated samples were identified and compared by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC).

Synthesis, characterization, PXRD studies, and theoretical calculation of the effect of gamma irradiation and antimicrobial studies on novel Pd(II), Cu(II), and Cu(I) complexes.

The main objective of this study is to synthesize and characterize of a new three complexes of Pd (II), Cu (II), and Cu (I) metal ions with novel ligand ((Z)-2-(phenylamino)-N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)acetohydrazide) H2LB. The structural composition of new compounds was assessed using several analytical techniques including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, electronic spectra, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermal behavior analysis. The Gaussian09 program employed the Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach to optimize the geometry of all synthesized compounds, therefore obtaining the most favorable structures and crucial parameters. An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of γ-irradiation on ligands and complexes. Before and after γ-irradiation, the antimicrobial efficiency was investigated for the activity of ligands and their chelates. The Cu(I) complex demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity after irradiation, as well as other standard medications such as ampicillin and gentamicin. Similarly, the Cu(I) complex exhibited superior activity against antifungal species relative to the standard drug Nystatin. The docking investigation utilized the target location of the topoisomerase enzyme (2xct) chain A.