Effect Of Gamma Irradiation Research Articles

Investigation of the Effects of Gamma Radiation and Y2O3 on the Elastic Properties of Al2024 Composites by Ultrasonic Method

In this study, the effect of Y2O3 contribution and γ-irradiation on the elastic properties of pure Al2024 and Al2024/Y2O3 composites was precisely investigated with the help of determined density and ultrasonic wave velocities. Ultrasonic longitudinal and shear wave velocity measurements of the samples were performed at room temperature using the ultrasonic pulse-echo method at 20 and 5 MHz frequencies, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy examined the microstructural properties and phase characterizations of metal matrix composite (MMC) samples. A gamma cell type 60Co source was used to irradiate MMC samples in the air at room temperature. The absorbed dose rate was measured to be approximately 1.5 kGy/h, and the total delivered dose was 50 kGy. According to the findings obtained from the research, the contribution of Y2O3 to pure Al 2024 at 0.5, 1, and 5 wt.% ratios and exposure to gamma rays of 50 kGy caused a decrease in VL, L, K, and μ values and a significant increase in ρ, VS, G, HV, H, and E values. The highest Young’s modulus values compared with pure Al2024 were obtained in both unirradiated and irradiated Al2024/0.5Y2O3 composites.

Gamma irradiation effects on photoluminescence and semiconducting properties of non-conventional heavy metal binary PbO–Bi2O3 glasses

Non-conventional heavy metal oxide glasses have attracted great interest owing to their unique optical properties and their radiation shielding behavior. Non-conventional glasses of main chemical composition (100 − x) PbO–xBi2O3 where x = 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, and 5 were prepared through the conventional melting and annealing approach. X-ray diffraction measurements denoted the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses. The optical absorption in the UV–visible range recorded strong UV-near visible absorption spectra that correlated to trivalent Bi3+ ions. The optical band gap Eopt, Urbach energy ∆E, and the refractive index were identified for the prepared glasses employing the cognizant theories. The variations in the optical parameters have been associated with the increasing Bi2O3 and the doses of γ- irradiation. The photoluminescent properties of the prepared non-conventional binary Bi2O3–PbO glasses were recorded in the visible range after UV excitation and the color coordinates are located and distributed in the hue violet degree. FT-IR spectroscopic measurements before and after gamma irradiation were applied to investigate the structural changes in the binary heavy metal PbO–Bi2O3 glasses. FTIR data specified that the glass network is composed of different structural building units from BiO3/BiO6 and PbO3/PbO4 depending on the addition ratio between PbO and Bi2O3.

Effect of gamma and neutron irradiations on the physical, magnetic and electrical properties of Ni–Cu–Cd nano-ferrites

The physical, magnetic and electrical properties variations for the sol-gel auto combustion synthesized Ni0.3Cu0.2Cd0.5Fe2O4 by gamma (γ) and neutron irradiations dose applications are studied in this research. The irradiation have been done through 2.0 × 1011 and 1.9 × 1012 cm−2s−1 per min fast neutron flux and γ rays from the research reactor of TRIGA MARK-II and 64 KCi cylindrical 60Co source respectively within room temperature. The rate of 1 Mrad and 3 Mrad dose is 1.067 Mrad/h. XRD results show greater intensities for the irradiation doses. Due to the redistribution of ions, changes in the lattice constant have been found by the irradiation through the results of XRD and Rietveld Refinement process. The saturated magnetization obtained from the VSM is found to decrease first by the irradiation and then increase drastically. This analysis is performed by the popular pulse field technique of hysteresis loop for nano ferrites and further analyzed by LAS. The frequency dependent characteristics such as dielectric constant, electric modulus, impedance analysis and ac conductivity are inspected for all samples with both types of irradiation process. The electrical modulus Cole-Cole plots insure the dominant property as electric stiffness for investigated ferrties. Extreme decrease has been found in the dielectric natures which also show good agreement in the higher ac conductivity nature at the higher frequencies. Electrical parametric dependent overlapping two semicircles which are not complete have been found in the plots of Cole-Cole for impedance data. The energy of activation for the process of diffusion decreases by the irradiation.

Gamma irradiation effects on diphenhydramine hydrochloride: an EPR study

This study seeks to detect and characterize the free radicals generated in gamma-irradiated diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DP-HCl), a precursor for an antihistamine drug. The investigation aims to assess the radiation sensitivity of DP-HCl under varying microwave power, radiation doses, temperature conditions, and storage durations. After irradiation with 14 kGy, the observed radical associated with the –ĊHCH2N– fragment exhibited a singlet signal with a g-value of g = 2.0016 ± 0.0005. The signal intensities from experimental spectra within the 2–20 kGy dose range were found to exhibit the optimal fit with a polynomial function. Experimental spectra were recorded in the temperature range of 123–423 K to investigate whether distinct types of radicals were formed at low and high temperatures. Furthermore, the stability of the free radicals generated in the irradiated sample was assessed by determining the extinction curves of the signal intensities of the sample. The novelty of this study lies in examining the radiation sensitivity of the –ĊHCH2N– radical, demonstrating its remarkable stability across different temperatures and storage durations. This leads to the conclusion that radiation sterilization of the DP-HCl sample is not suitable.

Effects of Sterilization on Cellobiose Dehydrogenase and Glucose Oxidase Based Glucose Biosensors

AbstractResearch on implantable glucose biosensors is driven by the need for innovative medical devices for continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, biosensor sterilization is a step that is widely omitted during the process of innovation. To compare the effects of gamma irradiation and chemical treatment with ethylene oxide (carbon microarray electrodes are fabricated, functionalized with glucose oxidizing enzymes (cellobiose dehydrogenase CDH or glucose oxidase GOx), and coated with a specifically designed zwitterionic polymer prior to the sterilization step. Cyclic voltammetry in the presence of 100 mm glucose of the biosensors before and after sterilization shows that gamma irradiation with a low radiation rate (25 kGy, 260 Gy h−1) does not induce a sensor performance loss, unlike the EtO treatment. In addition, no cytotoxic by‐products are released after gamma sterilization. Based on these results obtained with both glucose oxidizing enzymes (CDH and GOx), gamma irradiation of the glucose biosensors with a low dose rate is preferable to exposure to EtO for biosensor terminal sterilization.

Effect of gamma irradiation on proliferation and growth of friable embryogenic callus and in vitro nodal cuttings of ugandan cassava genotypes.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production and productivity in Africa is affected by two viral diseases; cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). Induced mutagenesis of totipotent/embryogenic tissues or in vitro plant material can lead to the generation of CMD and/or CBSD tolerant mutants. To massively produce non-chimeric plants timely and with less labor, totipotent cells or tissues are a pre-requisite. This study aimed to determine the effect of gamma radiation on the proliferation and growth of friable embryogenic callus (FEC) and in vitro nodal cuttings respectively. To obtain FEC, 2-6 mm sized leaf lobes of nine cassava genotypes were plated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with varying levels (37, 50, 70, 100) μM of picloram for production of organized embryogenic structures (OES). The OES of five cassava genotypes (Alado, CV-60444, NASE 3, NASE 13 and TME 204) were crushed and plated in Gresshoff and Doy (GD) basal media in combination with the amino acid tyrosine in varying concentrations for FEC production. FEC from five cassava genotypes and in vitro nodal cuttings of nine genotypes were irradiated using five different gamma doses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Gy) at a dose rate of 81Gy/hr. The lethal dose (LD)50 was determined using the number of roots produced and flow cytometry was done to determine the ploidy status of plants. The highest production of OES was noted in Alado across varying picloram concentrations, while TME 204 obtained the highest amount of FEC. The irradiated FEC gradually died and by 28 days post irradiation, FEC from all five cassava genotypes were lost. Conversely, the irradiated in vitro nodal cuttings survived and some produced roots, while others produced callus. The LD50 based on number of roots varied from genotype to genotype, but plants remained diploid post-irradiation. Accordingly, the effect of gamma irradiation on Ugandan cassava genotypes (UCGs) was genotype-dependent. This information is foundational for the use of in vitro tissues as target material for cassava mutation breeding.

Influence of gamma radiation on the composition and physicochemical characteristics of olefins: post-radiation effects

The effect of gamma radiation on olefins was studied under static conditions at an absorbed dose of 65 kGy and at a dose rate ofP= 0.076 Gy/s. The effect of radiation on the physicochemical characteristics and structural and group composition of the resulting olefins has been established. Post-irradiation effects were studied immediately after irradiation and during 1, 2, 4, and 7 months later. When fuels are irradiated, polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons occurs. After cessation of irradiation, the postpolymerization process occurs The chemical instability of olefins in fuels leads to the formation of carbon deposits in the engine system, tanks, and valves. IR spectra, iodine values, density, and kinematic viscosity of irradiated samples were measured.

Gamma irradiation effect of female gametophyte in emasculated spring bread wheat plants on ovaries’ growth when crossed with maize

Gamma irradiation effect of female gametophyte in emasculated spring bread wheat plants on ovaries’ growth when crossed with maize

Effect of gamma and ultraviolet irradiation on the optical properties of copper oxide nanostructured thin films by chemical spray pyrolysis

Nanostructured copper oxide thin films were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. Utilizing a homemade spray pyrolysis method, thin films are created. This work investigates the role of gamma ray and ultraviolet ray irradiation on the optical properties of copper oxide thin films(CuO) prepared. In this framework, used different substrate temperatures 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C for the layers were grown on glass for the prepared CuO thin films. UV–visible spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction patterns(XRD) measurements were all used to characterize the samples. The UV–visible spectroscopy showed a decrease in the absorbance and the optical band gap of CuO thin films with the increase in the higher substrate temperatures before irradiation. Additionally, surface plasmon resonance peaks (λSPR) were observed at 329 nm. FE-SEM images revealed spherical-like shapes with an average diameter range of 48 nm,56 nm and 62 nm for 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C, respectively. An analysis of X-rays revealed that CuO thin films contained the crystallographic planes of a monoclinic and an orthorhombic crystal system. Also, when samples were exposed to gamma and UVC radiation, the absorbance intensity of CuO thin films increased, but the optical band gap decreased.

Effect of gamma irradiation in the coffee grounds oil and kernel mango fat properties

Effect of gamma irradiation in the coffee grounds oil and kernel mango fat properties

Mechanical and thermal stability properties improvement of polyethylene wax-coated tungsten carbide/high-density polyethylene γ-rays shielding composites through irradiation-induced crosslinking

It is well known that the properties of polyethylene can be improved by irradiation-induced crosslinking the formation of three-dimensional network structures. This paper investigated the effects of gamma irradiation on the mechanical, thermal stability, and γ-rays shielding properties of TAIC-containing γ-rays shielding composites (HDPE/WC-PEW/TAIC). As a result, SEM images showed that agglomerations are alleviated after polyethylene wax (PEW) coated tungsten carbide (WC). The tensile strength and hardness increased from 25.39 MPa to 94 HA to 29.49 MPa and 98 HA after 50 kGy irradiation in vacuum as compared with all composites, while the thermal stability was also improved. The XPS and gel content results showed that the more crosslinked structures generated after 50 kGy irradiated in vacuum between high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and PEW, but irradiation in air is accompanied by the destruction of polymer skeleton. Moreover, the shielding rates of HDPE/WC-PEW/TAIC with thickness of 2 mm and containing 50 wt% WC can exceed 50% and 25% for 137Cs and 60Co sources respectively. In summary, HDPE/WC-PEW/TAIC could be an alternative to lead as γ-rays shielding material with excellent mechanical, thermal, and γ-rays shielding properties after 50 kGy irradiation in vacuum.

Gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation effects on polymers in an advanced bone cement mixer device

The medical device industry has been investigating ways to increase the use of alternatives to cobalt-60 gamma radiation and ethylene-oxide gas sterilization, such as electron beam (E-beam) and X-ray radiation, due to regulatory and market pressures. One impediment to switching to E-beam or X-ray technology for sterilization is the lack of data on the effects of these radiation sources on medical device polymers. To provide such data this work considers irradiation and testing of a common single-use medical bone cement mixing system, the Stryker Advanced Cement Mixer (ACM®), that is composed of seven polymer materials. The ACM® devices considered here were processed to sterilization-relevant doses (15, 25, 50, and 70 kGy) using three radiation technologies: gamma, E-beam, and X-ray. The system and its polymer components were tested for product functionality, as well as mechanical and visual properties to determine how exposure effects may be influenced by radiation technology and dose level. We found that although there were instances of statistically significant differences in effects between the gamma-irradiated products and those irradiated with E-beam and X-ray, those effects were negligible in terms of retained functionality of the product and retained mechanical properties of the polymer components. Overall, results of this study demonstrate that, for of the effects studied, E-beam and X-ray are viable alternatives to cobalt-60 gamma radiation for sterilization of the polymer-based device investigated.

Physical and Chemical Inactivators Evaluation for the Puumala Virus Vaccine Technology Development

Relevance. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is leading among natural focal human diseases in Russia, the causative agents of which - orthohantaviruses - belong to the order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae. More than 98% of HFRS cases in Russia are caused by the Puumala virus. It is a serious zoonosis for which there is still no specific treatment. The WHO has not approved a vaccine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of formaldehyde, β-propiolactone, hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet rays, gamma irradiation and thermal inactivation on the immunogenic activity of inactivated vaccine preparations against HFRS Materials and methods. To achieve this aim, experimental vaccine preparations based on the PUU-TKD/VERO strain of Puumala virus were prepared and inactivated using the methods described above. The time intervals required for complete inactivation of the virus were determined, and the effects of the inactivators on viral RNA and immunogenic activity of the vaccine preparations were evaluated in BALB/c mouse and Syrian hamster models. Results. According to our results, vaccine preparations inactivated by different chemical and physical methods, which differ significantly in the mechanism of the mechanism of interaction with the virus, show no significant differences in immunogenic activity, except for thermal inactivation. Conclusion. A certain advantage of β-propiolactone is the short virus inactivation time, its complete degradation into non-toxic compounds within a few hours, and the reduction of total protein content after sterilization filtration, which is probably due to less aggregation of virus particles and cellular proteins

Thermal properties and FTIR spectroscopy: Edible film of chitosan-glycerol utilizes gamma irradiation

Abstract As chitosan and glycerol are mixed, they form a polymer blend that can be processed into edible films, or other plastic-like materials. Chitosan-glycerol mixing generates properties of edible, which means it can break down into non-toxic components over time through natural processes, reducing its environmental impact. In this work, edible film is contained chitosan-glycerol edible films were prepared by evaporation casting from its solution. Edible films were placed on the polyethylene packages and irradiated by Co-60 gamma rays on various radiation doses. After gamma irradiation process, edible films were stored at ambient temperature. To conduct a more in-depth analysis, the edible films undergo characterization using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, effects of gamma irradiation are shown in shifts of C-O stretching shifted to 1045-1080 cm−1. The N-H and O-H bond became narrow after irradiation of edible films as a higher gamma irradiation dose. Gamma irradiation increased the melting point of chitosan-glycerol mixtures from 173.4 °C to 190.2 °C endothermic peak. The findings revealed that gamma radiation led to enhanced molecular interaction between chitosan and glycerol, thereby influencing the thermal properties of edible films.

Effect of gamma radiation on percent survival, lethality percentage of axillary buds of apple cv Ambri and determination of Lethal Dose (LD50)

Effect of gamma radiation on percent survival, lethality percentage of axillary buds of apple cv Ambri and determination of Lethal Dose (LD50)

Effect of gamma-radiation on the transmission and return losses of FC/APC connectors

The Fibre Optics Current Sensor (FOCS) installed at ITER will use optical fibres to perform plasma current measurements based on the Faraday effect. A connection between the sensing fibre placed on the Vacuum Vessel and the fibre guiding the signal to the data-acquisition hardware will be required. Because of practical reasons, this link contains FC/APC connectors, which guarantee the low return loss required for normal operation of the FOCS. The connectors will be located in the port cell area and will be subject to high levels of nuclear radiation. Radiation may influence both transmission and return losses of the FC/APC connectors and, as a result, degrade the FOCS performance. To address the problem, several FC/APC connectors were exposed to Co60 gamma radiation up to a 550 kGy dose. Transmission through the connectors was monitored during irradiation. The return loss of mated FC/APC connectors was measured before and after irradiation. It was found that radiation-induced changes of both transmission and reflection parameters are acceptable for the FOCS at ITER.

Investigation of the synergistic effects of gamma irradiation and (Sm3+, Cu2+) co-doping on the spectroscopic and radiation shielding properties of sodium-zinc-borate glasses

Investigation of the synergistic effects of gamma irradiation and (Sm3+, Cu2+) co-doping on the spectroscopic and radiation shielding properties of sodium-zinc-borate glasses

Gamma radiation-induced changes in the structural and optical properties of CsPbBr3 thin films for space applications

Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are emerging as a next generation display technology. In this regard, exploring the structural and optical stability when subjected to radiation is crucial for expanding their application in aerospace and radiation detection technologies. In this study, we investigated the effects of gamma radiation on CsPbBr3 heterojunction thin films through a comprehensive analysis of their structural and optical characteristics. The thin films of CsPbBr3 were subjected to varying doses of gamma radiation, ranging from 100 krad to 1 Mrad, followed by thorough examination using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical spectroscopy techniques. Our findings unveil significant changes in the crystal structure of CsPbBr3 thin films when exposed to gamma radiation, including shifts in diffraction peak positions from cubic to monoclinic phases, broadening of peaks, and variations in peak intensities due to induced surface defects. The optical properties, such electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) intensity slightly drops at the moderate irradiation dose of 300 krad, while at an irradiation dose of 1 Mrad deteriorated severely. Notably, 300 krad is equivalent to the radiation dose accumulated by satellites in low-Earth orbit over 10 years. The findings in this work suggest the fabricated CsPbBr3 thin film has the potential to be used in space applications.

Sustainable Engineered Geopolymer Composites Utilizing Gamma-Irradiated PET and Graphene Nanoplatelets: Optimization and Performance Enhancement

Effective waste management is a matter of global concern. The utilization of widely recognized waste materials, such as plastics, rubber, and glass, in the construction industry is being investigated for their cost efficiency, enhanced material properties, and reduced environmental impact, contributing to broader sustainability efforts. This study investigates the development of an engineered geopolymer composite with a focus on sustainability by utilizing industrial waste materials. Gamma-irradiated polyethylene terephthalate was employed as a partial replacement for silica sand, while graphene nanoplatelets were incorporated to enhance composite properties and reduce environmental waste. A statistical technique known as response surface methodology was used to optimize the effects of gamma-irradiated polyethylene terephthalate and graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of the engineered geopolymer composite. Key findings indicate that gamma-irradiated polyethylene terephthalate, with higher crystallinity and robust interfacial bonding with the geopolymer matrix, significantly enhances compressive strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, and flexural toughness. However, graphene nanoplatelets, while improving mechanical properties, reduce the ductility index. Optimal composite properties were achieved with 26.4% gamma-irradiated polyethylene terephthalate and 0.12% graphene nanoplatelets. This research underscores the potential of gamma-irradiated polyethylene terephthalate in creating high-performance, sustainable construction materials and highlights the trade-offs between mechanical reinforcement and ductility. Future research should explore the chain scission effects of gamma irradiation on polyethylene terephthalate, further optimize composite properties, and investigate mechanisms to enhance ductility, advancing the utilization of polyethylene terephthalate in sustainable construction materials.

Fabrication of Al/n-GaN/p-Si/Al diodes by thermal evaporation and evaluation of effect of gamma irradiation on device properties

This study investigates the impact of γ-irradiation on the material and device properties of Al/n-GaN/p-Si/Al heterojunction diodes. GaN thin films were deposited on glass and p-Si substrates using thermal evaporation, followed by annealing at 450 °C. The diodes were subjected to γ-irradiation doses of 0, 3, and 6 kGy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed significant structural changes, including phase transitions influenced by radiation. Electrical characteristics were assessed through current–voltage (I-V) measurements within the ± 2 V range. Notably, the ideality factor for the annealed diodes improved from 6.60 to 4.62 and 3.85 with increased γ-irradiation. The barrier height was determined to be 0.85 eV, and it did not exhibit a significant change upon γ-irradiation dose. The results provided valuable insights into the response of heterojunction diodes to radiation exposure, aiding in the understanding and potential improvement of the radiation resistance of GaN-based electronic devices.