Political Game Research Articles

Diskursus Karya Seni, Kreator, Dan Kapitalisme

This paper departs from the fact that capitalism has reached the stage of complete domination and hegemony. Art products, the art market, and creators are strongly influenced by the ups and downs of the market, the atmosphere and monetary stability, and market players such as auction houses, curators, collectors, collectors, art dealers, patronage, and the mass media. In such a position, it raises the question of how the position of the creator and his work in dealing with enthusiasts and observers of art, markets, and capitalism. Do the creators voluntarily submit and obey the choice to join the capitalist game, or do the creators have a strong bargaining position to maintain idealism and enthusiasm not to get caught up in the game of capital and political games. It is a document study, this article to answer the above questions. As a result, there are two perspectives: first, the perspective of artwork as a commodity that occurs in the current era, and the second is the artwork as an aesthetic object. In the perspective of art as a commodity, creators generally follow market tastes, assisted by patronage, collectors or collectors, and other elements such as curators and mass media. This capitalism employs a strategy called “frying fry.” The second perspective is the artwork as prestige and increasing social status. In this era, creators still have a good bargaining position because there are no market access constraints.

The hidden layers of resistance to dominant HRM transfer: Evidence from Japanese management practice adoption in Indonesia

While resistance to human resource management (HRM) practice transfers from multinationals has been widely researched in economically advanced countries, emerging economies are generally assumed to be institutionally more welcoming. This article contributes to debates on international HRM diffusion both by highlighting hitherto neglected arenas of host-country resistance and identifying the multiple levels at which this plays out. Specifically, this article examines the transfer of Japanese multinational corporations’ HRM practices into Indonesia. The study reveals that alongside apparently consensual micro-level ( organization) relations between home- and host-country management, important political power games are occurring at the meso-level ( subnational). These games involve competing notions of ‘best practice’ with host-country actors more powerful than deterministic models of diffusion would predict. The study shows how local actors seek to defend elements of the established Indonesian business system, while Japanese actors bypass host-country regulations by mobilizing corporate business associations. The findings extend current understanding of cross-border management practice transfer, highlighting contestation and negotiation at the meso-level.

Lobbist Organizations as Conflict Resolution Institute

The study specified in this article is devoted to an important problem in the modern state management practice of Russia - the study of conflict resolution of such a politically significant institute as lobbist organizations. The authors consider the phenomenon from a socio-economic, organizational, political perspective, which is categorized through the conceptual series “government relations - public administration - political institute” and is scientifically justified. The analysis methodology is based on the symbiosis of the neoinstitutional approach and game theory (continuous games) with the rent-oriented behavior of players. The urgency of the problems of lobbist organizations is due to the prolonged political and managerial crisis, both in Europe, the USA and in the countries of Asia. The scientific novelty of this paper is determined by the use of the neoinstitutional approach and the theory of games with the rent-oriented behavior of players as the fundamental methodological direction of the symbiosis when considering lobbist organizations as conflict resolution institutes with all the functions and rules of behavior in a political game inherent in them. The study will be based on the use of such empirical methods as analysis of documents and cases, which justifies the use of a qualitative methodology. The article is one of the first in Russian empirical practice related to the problem of lobbist organizations and, undoubtedly, will make a significant contribution to the study of the conflict logical specific nature of this socio-political institute. The article is part of the grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 19-011-31376opn “Conflict logical audit as a system of technologies for influencing ideological youth extremism in modern Russia”.

Save the Ukrainian People First: They Carry their Culture in their Hearts

Save the Ukrainian People First: They Carry their Culture in their Hearts

The Political Game of Impeachment in Brazil and The Case of 2016 Analyzed Using Game Theory

The purpose of this article was to analyze the impeachment process that took place in Brazil in 2016 and through Game Theory. Three games were created with the following players: president of the Chamber of Deputies, the National Congress, the president of the Republic and his deputy. The games take place via perfect but incomplete information. The theme is current, relevant and without studies that relate to Game Theory. Therefore, unprecedented. We tried to show the possible results and the political aspects and it was concluded that in most of the cases the filed cases. Between 1990 and 2018 the suggested game was played 193 times, judging by the number of complaints filed, of which only 2 were filed. Finally, this work showed the movements of the parties between the 2014 election and the impeachment vote in 2016, suggesting that the referred process is also a political judgment. Not just criminal.

INTERNATIONAL CAPITALIST TRADE AS IMPERIALISM: A HISTORICAL REBUTTAL OF JOSEPH SCHUMPETER’S THEORY OF IMPERIALISM

The paper is an attempt to use historical facts and narratives to challenge and refute the suppositions of Schumpeter’s theory of imperialism. Using qualitative method of data collection and analysis which involves the use of written sources and content analysis, the paper argue that Schumpeter, in his Eurocentric attempt to exonerate the European merchants from exploitation and underdevelopment of the Third World Countries (TWCs), dissociated capitalist trade from the whims and caprices of imperialism. Having said this, Schumpeter further approximated imperialism to pure political game, mere bellicosity and atavism, which is incongruent with capitalist trade that is rational and laced with clear objectives. The paper therefore, using historical facts concludes that international trade is not only linked with imperialism, but has been implicated as the fulcrum of the political outcome of imperialism.

서울 송현동 일대의 문화 헤게모니와 장소성 변화 분석

The History and Culture Park and the Lee Kun-hee Donation Hall will be built in Songhyeon-dong, Seoul. Political games from the Joseon Dynasty to the present greatly influenced the historicity of Songhyeon-dong. However, place analysis was limited to changes in landowners and land uses rather than a historical context. Therefore, this study analyzed the context in which the placeness of Songhyeon-dong changed according to the emergence of cultural hegemony using the perspective of modern cultural geography and comparative history. As a result of the analysis, cultural hegemony in historical transitions, such as Sinocentrism, maritime expansion, civil revolutions, imperialism, nationalism, popular art, and neoliberalism, was found to have created new intellectuals in Bukchon, including Songhyeon-dong, and influenced social systems and spatial policies. In this social relations, the placeness of Songhyeon-dong changed as follows. First, the founding forces of Joseon created pine forests as Bibo Forests to invocate the permanence of the dynasty. In the late Joseon dynasty, it was an era of maritime expansion, and as Joseon’s yeonhaeng increased, a garden for the Gyeonghwasejok, who enjoyed the culture of the Qing dynasty, was built. Although pine forests and gardens disappeared due to the development of housing complexes as the population soared during the Japanese colonial era, Cha Gyeong’s landscape aesthetics, which harmonized artificial gardens and external nature, are worth reinterpreting in modern times. Second, the wave of modernization created a new school in Bukchon and a boarding house in Songhyeon-dong owned by a pro-Japanese faction. Angukdongcheon-gil, next to Songhyeon-dong, was where thinkers who promoted civil revolution and national self-determination exchanged ideas. Songhyeon-dong, the largest boarding house, served as a residence for students to participate in the March 1st Movement and was the cradle of the resulting culture of student movements. The appearance of the old road is preserved, so it is a significant part of the regeneration of walking in the historic city center, connecting Gwanghwamun-Bukchon-Insadong-Donhwamunro. Third, from the cultural rule of the Government General of Joseon to the Military Government, Songhyeon-dong acted as a passage to western culture with the Joseon Siksan Bank’s cultural housing and staff accommodations at the U.S. Embassy. Ancient and contemporary art coexisted in the surrounding area, so the modern and contemporary art market was formed. The Lee Kun-hee Donation Hall is expected to form a cultural belt for citizens with the gallery, Bukchon Hanok Village, the Craft Museum, and the Modern Museum of Art. Discourses and challenges are needed to recreate the place in harmony with the forests, gardens, the street of citizens’ birth, history and culture park, the art museum, and the surrounding walking network.

Demokrasi dan Politik Biaya Tinggi (High Cost Politics)


 Democracy is a concept of state and politics which is considered the most ideal today. Democracy also has an important role in arranging the rules of the political and state game in Indonesia. So that after the 1998 reformation democracy became one of the important ideologies in Indonesian politics. The concepts of justice, openness, representation, transparency and accountability are a series of epic concepts in democracy. The basic concept is actually very noble. However, in practice, democracy is not just a raw concept. Electoral political events have resulted in a logical consequence, namely high-cost politics that cannot be separated from every moment of democracy. So do not be surprised if in political moments such as the Presidential Election, Legislative Member Election, Regional Head Election from Province to Regency and City and even Village Head Election requires large funds. Both in terms of implementation to the succession of candidates. The result is a widespread culture of corruption that occurs in our country. So this will certainly affect state politics in Indonesia. Democracy does have an extraordinary ideal concept, but the implementation of democracy requires a lot of funds.

Digital diplomacy: international experience and ukraine’s perspectives

In the age of globalization and the dominance of digital technologies, public diplomacy is no longer the prerogative of politicians, as the number of agents of influence is constantly increasing. Openness and publicity dictate new rules of the political game and, accordingly, make new demands on public diplomacy of the state. In light of the global Covid-19 pandemic, digital technologies are becoming especially relevant, strengthening the importance of digital diplomacy as the newest direction of public diplomacy. The purpose of this paper is to study the international experience of integrated inclusion of digital diplomacy into the arsenal of public diplomacy and the opportunities and problems to apply that experience for the digitalization of Ukrainian public diplomacy.
 The need to understand digital diplomacy is determined by a number of factors, in particular, increasing information flows, the inclusion of diplomatic communication in the global context of networking, the use of new communication channels and tools as well as its intensity, and the emergence of new types of influence on the audience in diplomatic practice.
 The experience of the leading world’s democracies shows the potential of digital diplomacy as a strategic resource for promoting national interests and implementation of diplomatic tasks and state political doctrine. The essence of the cultural and political dimension of digital diplomacy is that the use of the latest information and communication tools in the foreign policy area contributes to strengthening the attractive image of the political culture of the state, ensuring the main goals of the country’s economy in the world economic space, as well as the promotion of national identity abroad. Digital diplomacy is a tool for spreading democratic values ​​worldwide that creates a basis for global unity.
 Opportunities for the development of "digital diplomacy" in Ukraine seem to be limited by the lack of national information and communication strategy, the shortage of trained professionals, and a number of risks inherent in working on the Internet. Nevertheless, digital diplomacy in Ukraine is actively developing, involving more and more stakeholders in the process of information exchange. That is facilitated by the very nature of social media, which, like any living organism, is constantly evolving.

The thematic analysis of the novels of Rohinton Mistry

Rohinton Mistry is an Indian born Canadian writer. To abscond from the customary life he started writing novels. He focused on the Parsi people and also socio-political issues in all his novels. Mistry portrays the anguish of Parsi people group all through the power of politicians. Politicians are good at making their own space in the society. On the contrary, common people become victims in the game of politics. This article aims to analyze the theme of politics and problematic representation of Parsis in Rohinton Mistry’s select novels.

Research on the Changes of the Social Curriculum of Basic Education in Taiwan and Its Enlightenment

The Twelve-Year National Basic Education Curriculum in Taiwan is compiled and revised on the basis of the Grade 1 - 9 Curriculum and is currently the main curriculum in Taiwan. The Twelve-Year National Basic Education Curriculum—Social Curriculum is one of eight learning focuses. Its value and function are to promote culture and institutions, develop attitudes and competencies for inquiry, engagement, practice, reflection and innovation. This paper takes the social curriculum in the Twelve-Year National Basic Education Curriculum and the Grade 1 - 9Curriculum as the research object, illustrates the reasons for the revision of the social curriculum, including contradictions brought by economic development, social burdens brought by population problems, teenagers under huge pressure due to “involution”, the political game between the Democratic Progressive Party and the Kuomintang and continuous updating of the curriculum. The main changes in the social curriculum are as follows: continuation of the basic idea, the shift from ability-oriented to literacy-oriented, adjustment of the content in history, geography, civic and social curriculum. These changes have brought following consequences. First, the integrated curriculum is conducive to cultivating students’ comprehensive quality, but also hinders the friendly development of cross-strait relations to a certain extent. Second, through the analysis of Taiwan’s Twelve-Year National Basic Education Curriculum—Social Curriculum, the reform of China’s basic education curriculum should promote the development of twelve-year consistent education, develop students’ problem awareness, cultivate interdisciplinary thinking, and form an evaluation approach suitable for local education.

Олигархи без олигархии: структурные факторы институциональных реформ в Грузии

After the ‘rose revolution’ Georgia significantly improved its governance and state institutions. Scholars explain it with the professional and personal qualities of the reformist team led by Mikhael Saakashvili, with the concentration of power in the hands of the reformers, and with the international settings. However, most of those explanations hardly work in case of the reforms that were implemented after Saakashvili’s team lost the power in 2012. From 2012 to 2020 Georgia have retained and even slightly improved the quality of state institutions. Also, the governments of the ruling ‘Georgian Dream’ party implemented three major reforms: of judiciary, of local self-government, and of public service. Why did Georgia continue reforms despite its domestic political settings changed dramatically after 2012? The paper aims to reveal structural factors which support the long-term reformist course. We point out three factors. The first is that the structure of Georgia’s economy and the constellation of the elite’s interests preclude the making of influential oligarchy able to significantly distort the state institutions. Unlike Ukraine, Georgia did not inherit from the USSR large export-oriented and lucrative heavy industrial sector that could have become an economic base for making sustainable financial-industrial groups with strong political influence. Unlike Moldova, Georgian home-grown “oligarchs” were locked within the small consumer market of their country and served as clients of the political leaders. The richest politicians in Georgia like Bidzina Ivanishvili, late Badri Patarkatsishvili, late Kakha Bendukidze played their own political game but the main sources of their wealth were abroad, their economic interest lay far beyond the national scale and they have (had) no strong incentives to distort the state institutions in the country. Therefore “oligarchs” in Georgia did not make obstacles for reforms. The second factor is that the opposition in 2012–2020 had no reasons to obstruct reforms implemented by “Georgian Dream” governments, because most of those reforms opened new ways (municipal reform) or gave new guaranties (judicial and public service reforms) for political participation. The third is the geopolitical one. The confrontation with Russia since 2004 provides Georgian political elite strong motivation to continue reforms in order to secure the Western patronage.

From Special Partner to Limited Alienation -- New Trend of India's Strategy towards Russia

With the rapid development of its own strength, India has become an important border power body in the political chess game of great powers in this century, and is beginning to adjust the strategic direction of major powers by taking advantage of its unprecedented international position and extremely special geographical environment. In this context, India's strategy towards Russia is facing a new round of positioning. Its adjustment to Russia strategy is not only related to the development of India-Russia relations, but also of great significance to the regional geopolitical security environment. This article around India to Russia's strategic adjustment this topic, first reviews the history of India since 1962 on Russia's strategic change, and then to India on Russia's strategic adjustment agent in factor analysis, based on this model to describe India after the picture and put forward the strategies of major powers limited strategic alienation as India to Russia's strategic developments, Finally, based on the relevant judgment of strategic circle, this paper analyzes the prospect of a new round of India's strategy against Russia from the perspective of alliance theory and lists three possible scenarios in the future.

Great Britain and the Third Reich: From Pacification to Confrontation

The article presents the dynamics of Anglo-German relations in the 1930s, the distinguishing feature of which was the encouragement of the daring and aggressive initiatives of the Third Reich by Great Britain. Examining the political and diplomatic position of Great Britain, the author comes to the conclusion that it was dictated by the fact that through concessions and appeasement of Nazi political and diplomatic ambitions Hitler's foreign policy interests had to be redirected exclusively to the East, thereby securing the West from Nazi aggression. The British, based on anti-Soviet views, were guided solely by the categories of blind national egoism and opportunism; with the help of Nazi Germany, they sought to build a new world order without the USSR. In this political and diplomatic game that unfolded in the pre-war period Hitler outplayed the British. The article focuses on the transformation of the position of Nazi Germany towards Great Britain from anglophile to confrontational views, which was dictated by the understanding of the Nazi political elite that generous British concessions helped Hitler achieve tremendous diplomatic success, and therefore he no longer needed the "services" of the British. British political and diplomatic strategies of the 1930s were doomed to failure, and the result of this short-sighted policy was another world catastrophe, which could have been avoided by creating a collective security system initiated by the Soviet Union. The article analyzes the nature of political and diplomatic initiatives and maneuvers used by the British and Germans to achieve their foreign policy goals.

A Single Star and Bloody Knuckles: A History of Politics and Race in Texas by Bill Minutaglio

Reviewed by: A Single Star and Bloody Knuckles: A History of Politics and Race in Texas by Bill Minutaglio Mark Stanley A Single Star and Bloody Knuckles: A History of Politics and Race in Texas. By Bill Minutaglio. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2021. Pp. 456. Illustrations, notes, index.) In A Single Star and Bloody Knuckles: A History of Politics and Race in Texas author Bill Minutaglio takes on the daunting task of exploring the interrelationship of politics and race in Texas history from Reconstruction to the present. The book’s title alludes to a quote from John Nance “Cactus Jack” Garner, the first Texan to serve on a winning presidential ticket, which he did as Franklin D. Roosevelt’s vice-president in 1932. A salty yet well-seasoned Texas politician, Garner first noted the need to “bloody your knuckles” when “playing the political game” in Texas (210) because Texas politicians played hard and played to win. Always in the background, however, and even in broad daylight, ran the issue of race. As the author notes, the issue was whitewashed by generations of Texas leaders. The existence of slavery was “an inconvenient truth” (8). The two issues are so intertwined in Texas history and political life that the challenge of untangling them is like separating berries from the bramble. Minutaglio approaches this methodically with concise chapters covering each decade from the 1870s to the 2010s, all written in an accessible, easy-to-read style one would expect from a professor of journalism. He does a good job of picking out the key actors—politicians, progressive activists, and innocent bystanders—as well as key events in the story. The author has written the chapters as a series of vignettes rather than as a traditional narrative. This approach allows Minutaglio to tie various narrative elements together without bogging them down in the bramble, as might happen in a more traditional approach. The author’s decade-by-decade approach begins in the 1870s and gathers pace as Texas politics becomes more competitive and vocal. The book hits its stride in the 1890s in the chapter entitled “Elites and Aliens: the 1890s.” The middle chapters covering the 1940s through the 1980s are the strongest, as Texas and Texans were becoming more prominent in national politics. This rise is also true of race and civil rights, because [End Page 332] some of the most important court cases decided during the period originated in Texas. The latter chapters of the book, 13 through 15, are good but may be too recent for deep examination. The book is generally well researched, using a wide variety of primary sources, strong secondary sources, and archives. A Single Star and Bloody Knuckles was an ambitious undertaking that could have been much longer. While not comprehensive, the book offers a well-rounded look at the complexities of race and politics, as well as the various characters involved. Minutaglio is to be commended for adding to the underrepresented topics of race and politics in post-civil war Texas historiography. Mark Stanley University of North Texas at Dallas Copyright © 2022 The Texas State Historical Association

International Guarantees of Belgium’s Neutrality on the Eve of Franco-Prussian War 1870—1871: Position of Russia

Based on the materials of the documents of the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, the article analyzes the position of Russia in relation to the problem of Belgium’s neutrality on the eve of the Franco-Prussian war of 1870—1871. The diplomatic correspondence used as the main source shows that although the security of Belgium was guaranteed in the 1830s by the great powers, the neutral State was involved in a complex political game between the main opponents in the impending conflict. The reports of the ambassadors in Brussels make it possible to draw a conclusion about the high role of Russia in trying to prevent the violation of international treaties and show its interest in maintaining Belgian neutrality as important part of the European balance of power.

Public-private partnerships in hospital administration in the Brazilian Unified National Health System in Bahia State, Brazil

The process of building Brazil´s Unified Health System has always been a space of dispute between the political forces that defend greater private sector participation in patient care and administration of services and those who defend strengthening public administration. In the context of underfinancing of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), associated with the restrictions imposed by the so-called Fiscal Responsibility Law, new management models have been adopted in hospital administration, including public-private partnerships (PPPs). Considering the relevance of investigating decision-making processes pertaining to the adoption of these models by State Health Departments, this study aims to analyze the decision-making processes and incorporation of this hospital administration model in the State of Bahia, Brazil, the first administrative concession in Brazil´s health sector. This is a case study in which the theoretical reference was Social Game Theory elaborated by Carlos Matus, linked to the Public Policy Cycle analytical model. The data were produced with document research and semi-structured interviews with key informants who participated in the pre-decision and decision-making stages of the PPP model. The article presents the political game involved in the choice of this alternative among other hospital administration models, besides debating the models´ advantages and disadvantages according to the key actors and concludes that determinants (not only financial, but also political and ideological) marked the decision-making process for the PPP model in Bahia, in which the driving factor and source of consultancy was the International Finance Corporation, an arm of the World Bank.

Small states in international relations: Some theoretical aspects

One of the important trends in the development of international relations in the second half of the 20th — early 21st centuries is the growing importance of small states in international relations. From passive “pawns” in the big political games of the great powers, they are turning into active players capable of pursuing their own national interests in the international arena. During the Cold War period, European neutral states acquired an unique experience of fruitful cooperation in international organizations, peaceful mediation and peacemaking. Multilateral diplomacy, renunciation of the use of force, striving for a peaceful political resolution of conflicts predetermine, to a certain extent, interest in studying the experience of small countries. The decline in the ability of the leading great powers to resolve conflicts effectively on the periphery of the international system, on the other hand, the capability of small countries to generate new ideas and norms in international relations create preconditions for a further increase in the role of small countries in international relations. It is necessary to study not only the great powers, but also the small countries that make up the vast majority of states, if we want to understand the nature of international relations in general, the formation and behavior of modern coalitions and alliances in particular. This article aims to identify the main stages of the study of small states in international relations, to analyze the main approaches to the definition of the concept of “small state”, to consider the factors of formation of the foreign policy of small states through the prism of some theories of international relations, to find out the features of the foreign policy behavior of small countries in international relations.

BRICs: from Norm-takers to Norm-makers in Climate Governance

The issue of climate change has become an increasingly prominent global issue. Climate change is no longer a simple natural science problem caused by excessive emissions of greenhouse gases, but a political problem related to national interests. In order to maximize their respective interests, developed countries and developing countries, namely the North and South camps, have launched a complex and fierce political game over the issue of climate change. This article discusses that the role of the Europe Union has been weakened in the field of global climate governance, while the emerging economies represented by BRICS countries has gradually improved, from norm-makers to norm-makers.

Contemporary Arab Media Reality Problems and Solutions

It is no longer a secret to anyone that media has become a significant player in the local, regional and international arenas, as the famous phrase “politics and the economy are two sides of the same coin” has become limited to expression unless it is associated with the third, intensely active face, which is the media, which, along with politics and economics, constitutes the most effective trinity when speaking. About international relations, not to mention the domestic interior of countries. The media is no longer confined to traditional functions but beyond strategic operations. The starting point in this framework may be that the media has become one of the internal and foreign policy tools of countries. This departure from the traditional framework of the press went in several directions according to the following: The ideological media promotes certain ideologies and often plays a role in ethnic, and sectarian strife if founded or managed on the principle of deviation from moderation, and tolerance. The politicized media follows the agendas of specific countries and adopts double standards in its proposals according to the eternal political game that raises humanitarian and social slogans as a cover for interests. Balanced media takes neutrality and objectivity as a basis for the message on which the media literature is based as a platform for honest news and an optimistic guide for public opinion. Without a doubt, in many cases, there is an intertwining or mutual use of ideological media and politicized media, which produces media for extremist ideological injections according to government agendas.