Gait Speed Test Research Articles

LBODP062 SGLT2 Inhibition Ameliorates Cognitive And Physical Impairment In Patients With HFpEF And Diabetes

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to assess whether the inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) empagliflozin improves cognitive impairment in frail older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF). Methods We designed a prospective study to assess cognitive and physical function in consecutive frail older adults with DM and HFpEF, comparing the effects of empagliflozin, metformin, and insulin. Results A total of 162 frail elders with HFpEF and DM successfully completed the study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was measured at baseline and after 1-month: 19.80±3.77 vs. 22.25±3.27 (p<0. 001) in the empagliflozin group; 19.95±3.81 vs. 20.71±3.56 (p: 0.26) in the metformin group; 19. 00±3.71 vs. 19.1±3.56 (p: 0.81) in the insulin group. A multivariate regression analysis confirmed the beneficial effects of empagliflozin. Additionally, we observed a marked amelioration of physical impairment, assessed by the 5-meter gait speed test, in the empagliflozin and in the metformin arms, but not in patients receiving insulin. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show significant beneficial effects of empagliflozin treatment on cognitive and physical impairment in frail subjects with HFpEF and DM. Presentation: No date and time listed

Portable Digital Monitoring System for Sarcopenia Screening and Diagnosis.

Sarcopenia is a well-known highly prevalent muscle disease that severely impairs overall physical performance in elders, inducing a massive health-related economic burden. The widespread screening, diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia are pivotal to restrain the disease progression and constrain its societal impact. Simple-to-use, portable, and reliable methods to evaluate sarcopenia are scarce, and sarcopenia-related assessments are typically done in several time-consuming stages. This study presents a portable digital system that enables a simple and intuitive method to evaluate sarcopenia-based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) algorithm-including the four Find-Assess-Confirm-Severity (FACS) steps. The system comprises a mobile application (app); two wireless devices: a dynamometer (Gripwise) and a skinfold caliper (Lipowise); and a back-end website. To find cases, the SARC-F questionnaire is applied. To assess sarcopenia, the handgrip strength and the sit-to-stand tests are performed with the Gripwise and an application-embedded stopwatch, respectively. To confirm cases, anthropometric measures are performed, and muscle quantity is estimated with Lipowise. Finally, to assess severity, the app stopwatch grants the gait speed test application, evaluating physical performance. This step-by-step sarcopenia assessment results in a final grading according to the cut-off points of the EWGSOP2 criteria. All data is automatically encrypted and exported into a GDPR-compliant cloud platform, in which healthcare professionals can access and monitor their patients through the internet.

USING 6-MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE AND FRAILTY MEASURES TO PREDICT RISK OF POSTSTEM CELL TRANSPLANT PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS AND MORTALITY

USING 6-MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE AND FRAILTY MEASURES TO PREDICT RISK OF POSTSTEM CELL TRANSPLANT PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS AND MORTALITY

Quantitative and qualitative criteria for assessing gait speed in women aged 60–75 years – A pilot study

Introduction: The use of the Gait Speed (GS) test in clinical practice has been documented in many scientific studies. However, there is a lack of tools to use the aforementioned test for diagnosis and follow-up of changes in the process of health training in postmenopausal women. Having considered the foregoing, the main objective of this study was to develop quantitative and qualitative criteria to assess gait speed in women aged 60–75 years. Material and methods: Sixty women aged 60–75 years participated in the study. The structure of the gait speed rating scale was based on Zaciorski's model. The data collected during the GS test was analyzed. We developed quantitative and qualitative criteria to assess gait speed in women over the age of 60, which ranged from 1.25 m/s to 2.3 m/s. Results and conclusions: The scale presented in this study can constitute an effective tool to help estimate the level of gait speed in women aged 60–75 years, which is particularly important in coaching practice during diagnostics and programming of physical activity.

Determine the Functional Limitations in Activities of Daily Living Through Short Physical Performance Battery Test Among Asthmatic Adults

Background: To determine the functional restrictions in functional activities of daily lives in middle aged asthmatic adults and association of BMI with limitations in their daily life activities. Method: An observational cross sectional study was carried out at pulmonology opd of Shalamar hospital. A sample of 36 diagnosed asthmatic adults of middle aged with moderate to severe allergic asthma was taken. A Purposive sampling technique was used to conduct the study. Prediction of functional limitations in everyday activities through Short Physical Performance Battery test was determined. Three series of tests named balance test, gait speed test, repeated chair stand test were conducted which were the part of short physical performance battery test. Each test scored 4 and there was the total of 12 score. Those subjects who had less than 10 score were at risk of limitations in their daily life activities in future. Result: Sample of 30 participants were included for this study from age 35 to 55. Out of which 13 participants were of normal weight with BMI of less than 23.9 and 17 were overweight with the BMI ranges from 24.0 to 30.0. Participants with greater BMI were at the high risk of mortality. The results showed that the 13 subjects were overweight had the high risk of mortality, 13 had the risk of functional limitations in activities of daily living and 4 had the good functional status. There was statistical difference between the BMI and Short Physical Performance Battery test score. (P value= 0.001) Conclusion: This study concluded that middle aged asthmatic adults with moderate allergic asthma had greater risk of functional limitations and high risk of mortality due to the disease effect. This study also showed that the predictive value of functional limitations was more pronounced in females with greater BMI than males. Keywords: Allergic asthma, Activities of daily living, Functional Limitations, Short Physical Performance Battery test,

Smart ankle bracelet-laser device to improve gait and detect freezing of gait in Parkinsonism patients: a case series

ABSTRACT Freezing of gait (FOG) is one of the most disabling symptoms of Parkinsonism. Moreover, it does not respond well to medication. Visual cues have been shown to alleviate FOG in Parkinsonism; however, their efficacy is inconsistent. Currently, most mobile cueing devices are used as an open-loop cueing system, which requires manual control to enable constant visual cues. Thus, such devices may not be suitable for some people, especially those who have attention deficits. In addition, objective measurements of FOG in real-life situations remain challenging. Therefore, we developed a smart-ankle laser as a closed-loop cueing system that can detect the patient’s walking pattern and automatically project a laser line that follows each walking step, thus requires less attention. Real-time motion was also recorded within the device for FOG measurement. We studied the efficacy of the device in three Parkinsonism patients with FOG (one man and two women, aged 58–76 years) immediately after use and two patients at 1-week follow-up. Gait speed, Timed Up and Go test performance, stride length, and % FOG improved with the use of the laser, without adverse effects.

A Proposed Method of Converting Gait Speed and TUG Test in Older Subjects.

Sarcopenia is one of the most important health problems in advanced age. In 2019, the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) updated the operational diagnostic criteria for identification of people with sarcopenia (EWGSOP2). Among the two proposed low performance measures of sarcopenia are gait speed and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Usage of any of those tools requires recalculation for the second one for eventual comparisons. The simple linear regression has been used for such comparisons in several previous studies, but the appropriateness of such an approach has not been verified. The aim of this study is to find the most appropriate model describing the relationship between these two popular measures of physical function. The study was performed in 450 consecutive outpatients of the Geriatric Clinic of the Medical University of Lodz, Poland, aged 70 to 92 years who volunteered to participate in the study. The TUG test and gait speed at 4 m to assess physical function were used. Different alternative models were compared to obtain the highest R-squared values. A Reciprocal-Y model (R-squared = 71.9%) showed the highest performance, followed by a Logarithmic-Y square root-X model (R-squared = 69.3%) and a Reciprocal-Y square root-X model (R-squared = 69.1%). The R-squared for the linear model was 49.5%. For the selected reciprocal model, the correlation coefficient was 0.85 and the equation of the fitted model was: Gait speed (m/s) = 1/(−0.0160767 + 0.101386 × TUG). In conclusion, in independent community-dwelling older adults, the relationship between gait speed and the TUG test in older subjects is nonlinear. The proposed reciprocal model may be useful for recalculations of gait speed or TUG in future studies.

Rapamycin treatment during development extends life span and health span of male mice and Daphnia magna.

Development is tightly connected to aging, but whether pharmacologically targeting development can extend life remains unknown. Here, we subjected genetically diverse UMHET3 mice to rapamycin for the first 45 days of life. The mice grew slower and remained smaller than controls for their entire lives. Their reproductive age was delayed without affecting offspring numbers. The treatment was sufficient to extend the median life span by 10%, with the strongest effect in males, and helped to preserve health as measured by frailty index scores, gait speed, and glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Mechanistically, the liver transcriptome and epigenome of treated mice were younger at the completion of treatment. Analogous to mice, rapamycin exposure during development robustly extended the life span of Daphnia magna and reduced its body size. Overall, the results demonstrate that short-term rapamycin treatment during development is a novel longevity intervention that acts by slowing down development and aging, suggesting that aging may be targeted already early in life.

Gait Characteristics Following Stroke: A Prospective Crossover Study to Compare Ankle-Foot Orthosis with Functional Electrical Stimulation.

Management of foot-drop following stroke can be addressed with ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) or functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the peroneal nerve. There is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of FES as a substitute for a conventional ankle-foot orthosis. The aim of this study was to compare efficacy of FES against AFO in management of foot-drop in patients following stroke. Twenty patients (ten per group) were enrolled in this prospective crossover trial. Group A patients received gait training with AFO during first week followed by training with FES during second week and vice-versa for group B. Outcome parameters following AFO/FES training included Ten-meter, Six-minute walk test and spatiotemporal gait parameters. Patient satisfaction level was assessed using feedback questionnaire. Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed to compare outcomes between barefoot, AFO and FES. The P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Nineteen males and one female aged 45.5 ± 9.45 years were recruited. Statistically significant improvement was observed in Ten-meter and Six-minute walk tests, gait speed, Timed up and go test (TUG), stance-swing ratio and single-limb support among users of FES as compared to AFO and barefoot. There was no statistical difference observed in other gait parameters. Physiological cost index (PCI) showed trend in improvement among FES users. Patient satisfaction scores were higher for FES users. Quantitative and qualitative results were in favour of FES as compared to AFO and barefoot suggesting that FES can be a potential orthotic intervention in hemiplegic patients.

A Guide to the Assessment of Function and Fitness in Older Adults

Apply It! After finishing this article, the reader will: • Understand the components of an integrated assessment to be used with older adults. • Understand the screening process and interpret the data to reveal health risks. • Learn the procedures for functional fitness assessments including the Senior Fitness, Gait Speed, Functional Reach, Timed Up-and-Go, and Dual-Task Testing.

Reference Ranges for Gait Speed and Sit-to-Stand Performance in a Cohort of Mobility-Intact Community-Dwelling Older Adults From Singapore.

Slow gait speed and sit-to-stand performance are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in older adults. Identifying older adults with functional performance "below norms" is the first step toward prevention. We aimed to (1) examine the associations of age, body height, and gender with gait speed and sit-to-stand performance and (2) develop subgroup-specific reference ranges in older adults with no self-reported mobility limitations. Cross-sectional study. This study analyzed data from 775 community-dwelling older adults who reported no difficulty walking 100m, climbing stairs, and rising from the chair. Gait speed and sit-to-stand performance were measured by the 10-m gait speed test and 5-times sit-to-stand test, respectively. Bayesian linear regression was used to derive 95% reference ranges for gait speed and sit-to-stand performance, defined by different levels of age, body height, and gender. Overall, 95% reference range was 0.89-1.79m/s for habitual gait speed and 7.4-27.9 stands/30s for sit-to-stand pace. Age had the highest posterior probability (>99%) of a meaningful association with both functional outcomes. Additionally, height was strongly associated with gait speed: a 10-cm increase in height was associated with 0.07m/s (95% credible interval, 0.05-0.10) faster gait speed. For sit-to-stand test, the lower 95% reference range limits tended to be similar across gender and gender-specific height subgroups, owing to the associations of faster sit-to-stand pace with shorter height and male gender. Because extensive tables of reference ranges are impractical, a web-based application (https://sghpt.shinyapps.io/ippts/) is created to provide subgroup-specific reference ranges. In a large sample of mobile-intact older adults, reference ranges for gait speed and sit-to-stand performance differed meaningfully by age. Furthermore, gait speed was stature dependent. Although requiring validation, our findings may be used to define subgroup-specific "below-range" values and to complement existing universal clinical cut points for gait speed and sit-to-stand performance.

Sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenic obesity among community-dwelling and institutionalized female older woman in Caxias do Sul, Brazil

Introduction: Sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity are considered risk factors for the health of the elderly, which may cause or worsen the reduction in functional capacity. Objective: To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity among community-dwelling and institutionalized female elderly in Caxias do Sul, Brazil. Methods: Observational epidemiological study, with cross-sectional design. 423 elderly women (≥60 years old) institutionalized and community-dwellers, participated in the study. Sarcopenia was identified according to the criteria established by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). The gait speed test estimated low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) by bioimpedance, low handgrip strength using a hand dynamometer, and low physical performance. Obesity was defined as Body Mass Index ≥27.0kg/m² and sarcopenic obesity by the simultaneous occurrence of obesity and sarcopenia. The Chi-Square test was performed, with a 5% significance level. Results: The overall prevalence of obesity was 53.9%. Sarcopenia was observed in 16.3% of the total sample, affecting 7.5% of the elderly in the community and 25.1% in institutions (p≤0.0001). Regarding sarcopenic obesity, 0.9% of the community and 3.8% of institutionalized elderly presented the dysfunction. Non-sarcopenic elderly women had a high prevalence of obesity. In the elderly of both groups, sarcopenia was more frequent in those with advanced age. Conclusion: Institutionalized elderly women had a higher prevalence of sarcopenia, emphasizing the importance of paying attention to the health of this population and highlighting the need for preventive measures.

Combined resistance training with aerobic training improves physical performance in patients with coronary artery disease: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial.

BackgroundThe efficacy of combined resistance training (RT) and aerobic training (AT) compared with AT alone is well established in cardiac rehabilitation (CR); however, it remains to be elucidated whether RT load (high load [HL] vs. low load [LL]) modifies the outcomes. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of HL-RT and LL-RT combined with AT in comparison to AT alone on body composition and physical performance in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) enrolled in phase II CR.MethodsWe randomized 79 patients with a stable CAD to 12 weeks of lower limb LL-RT + AT (35–40% of one repetition maximum [1-RM]; n = 28), HL-RT + AT (70–80% of 1-RM; n = 26), or AT (n = 25). Fifty-nine patients (75% men) with mean (standard deviation) age 61 (8) years and left ventricular ejection fraction 53 (9)% completed LL-RT (n = 19), HL-RT (n = 21) and AT (n = 19). Body composition and physical performance (upper and lower submaximal muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and mobility) were measured at baseline and post-training.ResultsTraining intervention had no significant impact on time × group interaction in the body composition measures. There was a significant time × group interaction for the gait speed test, chair sit-and-reach test, arm curl test, Stork balance test, up and go test, STS-5, and 6-min walk distance (p-values ≤ 0.001–0.04) following the training intervention. After the training intervention, HL-RT improved gait speed (+12%, p = 0.044), arm curl (+13%, p = 0.037), and time of Up and Go test (+9%, p < 0.001) to a greater extent compared with AT group, while there was a greater improvement in time of Up and Go test (+18%, p < 0.001) and time of five sit-to-stand tests (+14%, p = 0.016) following LL-RT when compared with AT. There were no differences between HL-RT and LL-RT in post-training improvement in any of the physical performance measures.ConclusionThe combination of AT with HL-RT or LL-RT promoted similar improvements in physical performance, which were superior to AT. Therefore, both types of combined AT and RT can be applied to patients with CAD.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04638764] Identifier [NCT04638764].

Physical performance as a predictor of mortality in nursing home residents: A five-year survival analysis

This study developed a five-year survival analysis to verify the relationship between the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and death in older adults residing in nursing homes (NHs). A total of 114 residents of NHs in Northeast Brazil participated in the follow-up. In addition to the SPPB, the older adults answered questions about sociodemographic and health condition information. The relationship between physical performance and mortality was evaluated using the Kaplan Meier survival curves and Cox proportional regression. As a result, 61.40% of the participants presented low performance and 41.22% died. Low physical performance increased the chance of death by 2.77 times in five years (adjusted Hazard Ratio 2.77; 95% CI 1.40–5.50; p < 0.01). Low SPPB Gait Speed Test also represented a 2.58-fold increased risk of dying (adjusted HR 2.58; 95% CI 1.38–4.83; p < 0.01). The results of this study showed that low physical performance can predict the mortality of older adults residing in NHs over five years.

Short physical performance battery as a predictor of mortality in community-dwelling older adults: a longitudinal study in the Brazilian Amazon region.

BackgroundThe Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is an instrument for assessing physical performance widely used in research among the elderly in multiple settings. We did not find Brazilian longitudinal studies that aimed to analyze the predictive capacity and accuracy of the SPPB among community-dwelling older adults and no systematic reviews were found on the accuracy of the SPPB in predicting mortality in community- dwelling older adults. This study aimed to analyze the capacity and accuracy of the SPPB for predicting mortality in community-dwelling older adults, as well as to determine cut-off points for men and women.MethodLongitudinal observational study conducted with 411 (70.1 ± 7.25 years) community-dwelling older adults, between 2017 and 2020 (37.7 ± 6.24 months). Physical performance was evaluated using the SPPB and information on the all-cause mortality rate was also recorded. Multivariate Cox regression analyses and curves were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed, with the parameters of area under the ROC curve (AUC) to determine cutoff points for discriminating mortality, considering a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 95%.ResultsOlder adults with very low and low physical performance in the SPPB, showed higher risks of mortality (HR = 9.67; 95% CI [1.20–77.65]; HR = 4.06; 95% CI [1.09–15.01]), respectively. In the subtest’s analysis, older adults with low performance in the balance (HR = 0.54; 95% CI [0.36–0.81]) and gait speed tests (HR = 0.50; 95% CI [0.33–0.76]) showed greater risks of dying. The same was reproduced for categories in each test (participants that scored 2 points in the balance test had an HR = 5.86; 95% CI [1.84–18.61] and 2 points in the gait speed test, HR = 5.07; 95% CI [1.76–14.58]. The cutoff point ≤ 9 in the SPPB set the discriminator criterion for mortality in older people of both sexes.ConclusionsThe SPPB, as well as the balance and gait speed subtests were predictors of mortality, and the SPPB is accurate in predicting mortality among community-dwelling older adults.

Physical Fitness and Frailty in Males after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study.

Simple SummaryThe prevalence of frailty is increased among young adult childhood cancer survivors and is associated with early morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to analyze physical fitness, physical activity and the prevalence of frailty in male long-term survivors of pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We observed significantly lower muscle strength and muscle endurance in the hand-grip and sit-to-stand tests compared to the age and sex matched normative reference values of the tests. Furthermore, 30% of the survivors were considered pre-frail or frail. Chronic graft-versus-host disease, shorter stature, higher body fat mass and hazardous drinking predicted prefrail/frail status. Common cardiovascular risk factors were associated with poor physical fitness and low physical activity level. These results indicate a need for cardiometabolic follow up as well as health education in the decades following HSCT.Purpose and methods: To analyze physical fitness, physical activity and the prevalence of frailty in male long-term survivors of pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We performed a Nordic two-center study of 98 male survivors (mean age 28.7 years, range 18.5–47.0) treated with pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) 1980–2010 in denmark or finland. physical fitness was evaluated by the dominant hand grip-strength, timed up-and-go, sit-to-stand, gait speed and two-minute walk tests. Results: Survivors presented significantly lower muscle strength and muscle endurance in the dominant hand-grip strength (median Z-score −0.7, range −4.3–3.9) and sit-to-stand tests (median Z-score −1.5, range −3.5–2.5) compared to age and sex matched normative values of the tests. However, mobility and gait speed were not affected on a group level. The prevalence of frailty (pre-frail 20% or frail 10%) was high among the survivors. In multiple regression analysis, chronic graft-versus-host disease, shorter stature, higher body fat mass and hazardous drinking predicted prefrail/frail status. Common cardiovascular risk factors, such as increased levels of serum triglycerides, higher resting heart rate and diastolic blood pressure, were associated with lower physical fitness. Conclusion: Low muscle strength and a high incidence of frailty were observed in survivors of pediatric HSCT. There is a predominant risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the long-term.

Practitioner perceptions of the feasibility of common frailty screening instruments within general practice settings: a mixed methods study

BackgroundFrailty is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome increasing older people’s vulnerability to risk of adverse outcomes. Better frailty identification through expanded screening implementation has been advocated within general practice settings, both internationally and within Australia. However, little is known about practitioner perceptions of the feasibility of specific instruments, and the underlying motivations behind those perceptions. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes and perceptions of a convenience and volunteer sample of Australian general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses (PNs) towards common frailty screening instruments.MethodsThe feasibility of several frailty screening instruments (PRISMA-7 [P7], Edmonton Frail Scale [EFS], FRAIL Questionnaire [FQ], Gait Speed Test [GST], Groningen Frailty Indicator [GFI], Kihon Checklist [KC] and Timed Up and Go [TUG]) to 43 Australian GPs and PNs was assessed. The study adopted a concurrent embedded mixed-methods design incorporating quantitative (ranking exercise) and qualitative (content analysis) data collection integrated during the analysis phase.ResultsPractitioners assessed multi-dimensional instruments (EFS, GFI, KC) as having relatively higher clinical utility, better integration into existing assessment processes and stronger links to intervention over uni-dimensional (GST, TUG) and simple (FQ, P7) instruments.ConclusionsWhile existing frailty screening instruments show promise as an initial step in supporting better care for older people, all the included instruments were associated with perceived advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, clinicians will need to weigh several factors in their selection of the optimal screening instrument. Further translational research, with a focus on contextual fit, is needed to support clinical decision-making on the selection of instruments for frailty screening.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio and C-Reactive Protein Levels are not Associated with Strength, Muscle Mass, and Functional Capacity in Kidney Transplant Patients.

Chronic inflammation has been associated with components of sarcopenia; however, these associations are unknown in kidney transplant patients (KTPs). The aim of this study was to associate neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with strength, muscle mass, and functional capacity in KTPs. A cross-sectional study evaluating 108 KTPs was performed. Strength was evaluated by handgrip strength and five-times-sit-to-stand test (5STS), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The ASM index (ASMI) was calculated using the ASM (kg)/height (m2). Functional capacity was assessed by the 4-m gait speed test and short physical performance battery (SPPB). The electrochemiluminescence method was used for analyzing CRP levels, and the cytometric method XN-3000 Sysmex was used for obtaining leukogram values to calculate the NLR. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between systemic inflammation and sarcopenia components, adjusting for confounders. NLR and CRP levels were not associated with handgrip strength (β = - 0.231, p = 0.389; β = - 0.291, p = 0.577), 5STS (β = - 0.114, p = 0.288; β = - 0.202, p = 0.334), ASM (β = - 0.027, p = 0.813; β = 0.062, p = 0.788), ASMI (β = - 0.036, p = 0.242; β = 0.040, p = 0.505), 4-mgait speed (β = 0.013, p = 0.082; β = 0.004, p = 0.769), and SPPB (β = 0.076, p = 0.170; β = 0.152, p = 0.157), respectively. In conclusion, NLR and CRP levels were not associated with muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity in KTPs.

Prevalence of sarcopenia in women at stable weight phase after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Evaluating the prevalence of sarcopenia in women submitted to bariatric surgery - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Design: Observational, cross-sectional study. Women (18-65 years old) who underwent bariatric surgery (BG) ≥ 2 years and reached stable weight ≥ 6 months, were investigated. Control group (CG) comprised non-operated matched women with obesity. Body composition was determined through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low lean mass (LLM) was defined as appendicular lean mass index (ALM kg/height m2) < 5.5 kg/m2. Physical strength was assessed through dynamometer and sit-to-stand test (SST), whereas performance was assessed through 4-m gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery Tests (SPPB). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in the presence of LLM and low strength. One-hundred and twenty women (60 in each group, 50 ± 9.7 years old) were investigated. All anthropometric and body composition parameters were lower in BG than in CG, whereas strength and performance were similar between groups. Women with reduced strength presented high total fat mass and low physical activity level (p < 0.005). LLM was observed in 35% of BG and in 18.3% of CG (p = 0.04), whereas sarcopenia was diagnosed in 28.3% of BG and in 16.6% of CG (p = 0.12). Sarcopenic women in BG had better performance both in SST (p = 0.001) and SPPB (p = 0.004). Total lean mass (OR:1.41, 95% CI [1.18; 1.69], p < 0.001) and obesity (OR: 38.2 [2.27; 644.12], p < 0.001) were associated with sarcopenia in the multivariate analysis. Despite great weight loss, sarcopenia prevalence did not increase in BG and its presence was influenced by total lean mass and obesity.

Progressive machine-based resistance training for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the oldest old: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The muscle disease sarcopenia, which is characterised by a loss of muscle strength, muscle quantity, and physical performance, restricts mobility and independence in an ageing society. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyse the effects that long-term progressive resistance training interventions performed on weight machines have on sarcopenia (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) and how the interventions are composed. In total, 779 articles published between 2000 and 2020 were scanned (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL) and 14 randomised controlled trials were included within the review. Populations, interventions, control groups and outcomes were analysed. Subsequent meta-analysis (10 studies, 902 participants) revealed that the time needed in a chair-stand-test, as an indicator for leg strength, was predominantly reduced, whereas grip strength remained unchanged after the interventions. Data concerning the effects of machine-based progressive resistance training on muscle quantity were insufficient for meta-analysis. Physical performance measured by undergoing the Timed-Up-and-Go-test, gait speed test, Short Physical Performance Battery and 6min-walk-test improved significantly as well. The quality of evidence (GRADE) in the analysed studies was low or moderate. In summary, machine-based progressive resistance training has the potential to reverse sarcopenia in the oldest old, as reflected by enhanced muscle strength and physical performance. The systematic review revealed promising initial results for muscle quantity.