Gain Scores Research Articles

Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah untuk Peningkatan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa Kelas 8 SMP Al-Muhajirin Purwakarta

This research was aimed at analyzing the enhancement of students' mathematical reasoning abilities through problem-based learning. The experimental design was pre-post control group design. The research population was all junior high school student of SMP Al-Muhajirin Purwakarta. The research sample was taken randomly, was the class VIII C students as the experimental group who participated in instruction with problem-based learning and the other class VIII D as control group who participated in instruction with conventional learning. Data was collected through test and questionnaires. The statistical analysis used is the Gain test for the results of students' mathematical reasoning ability tests. The analysis of gain score showed that the enhancement of students’ abilities who participated in instruction with problem-based learning was better than those who participated in instruction with conventional learning. Problem-based learning in mathematics lessons shows a positive response which shows that students like the method used.

Metacognitive self regulation integrated with science technology society to improving problem solving ability in microbiology courses

The purpose of this study was to improve students’ problem-solving ability and metacognitive self-regulation (MSR) by applying science technology society (STS) learning model integrated with metacognitive self-regulation. The participants were 13 students from Department of Biology Education who took microbiology courses. A quasi-experimental method with one-group pre and posttest design was used in this study. Data were collected through pre and posttest with eight open ended questions to measure students’ problem-solving ability on four microbiology topics (food, pathogen, waste and water microbiology). These topics were studied sequentially in two months. The instrument used to measure MSR is a questionnaire with open-ended questions. This questionnaire was developed based on three aspects of MSR namely, planning, monitoring and evaluation. MSR questionnaire was administered to students at the end of each topic. The N-gain test was used to analyze the improvement of students' problem-solving ability on each topic. The average score of all aspects in MSR questionnaire was used to explore students’ metacognitive self-regulation. The correlation between MSR and problem-solving ability was analyzed using Pearson correlation. The results revealed that the N gain score of problem-solving ability was increased from 0.56 in the first topic to 0.7 in the next three topics. The average of MSR score also increased from 66.15 in the first topic to 87.23 in fourth topic. There was a positive correlation between students’ MSR and problem-solving ability. These results indicated that application of Science Technology Society integrated with MSR is an effective strategy in improving students’ problem-solving ability and MSR. The implementation of this research is to develop a lecture program as an effort to improve the learning process

PjBL-based digital history model to improve historical concept skills and historical consciousness

Digital history-based project-based learning (PjBL) in history learning is a learning medium that can provide a special attraction for students who can improve historical concept skills and historical awareness. However, there are still many teachers who have not used it, so it is very important to study it. This research aims to analyze the influence of the digital history based PJBL model in improving historical concept skills and historical awareness. The method used is quasi-experimental with two classes, experimental and control. The population used class XI high school students in Lampung, Indonesia and the sample size was 213. Cluster random sampling was used to determine sampling, while data collection was in the form of test instruments. The test instrument questions were analyzed using the gain score and Kruskal-Walli’s test to determine the increase in historical concept skills and historical awareness with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 26. The research results confirmed that digital history based PjBL was effective in increasing historical concept skills and historical awareness with a high score, making it the best choice to overcome obstacles in history learning.

Pengembangan Buku Cerita Pop Up Berbasis Multikultural Pendidikan Untuk Anak Usia Dini

This research aims to create a pop-up picture book based on multicultural education for early childhood. Through this picture book, children can understand multicultural education and get used to the diversity around them. In addition, this picture book teaches children how to behave around friends who have different customs and cultures from themselves. This development study refers to the 4-D development design steps. It includes (a) definition, (b) design, (c) development, and (d) dissemination. Before conducting product trials, validation tests were carried out on three experts. Data were collected by conducting observations which were carried out twice, namely before giving the book and after giving the book. Data analysis was carried out through the gain score of pre-test and post-test scores. The product trial was carried out in two stages, namely a limited test with 12 children and the main test with 31 children of PGRI Silo 01 Kindergarten. The results of the product feasibility assessment of product verification were 3.8 (very feasible) for media experts and 4 (very feasible) for material experts. The effectiveness of illustrated pop-up books in instilling an understanding of multicultural education in early childhood is determined based on the results of the pre-test score of 5.13 and the post-test score of 5.95. From this comparison, it can be concluded that the use of pop-up picture books based on multicultural education is effective in increasing children's understanding of multicultural education.

Snakes Ladders Game as an Effort to Improve Mixed Counting Operation Skills of Langenharjo 02 State Elementary School Students

Many students find it challenging to learn Mathematics. Mixed operations are one of the materials that are difficult to understand. Educators must use innovative learning models, including the Snakes and Ladders Game media. Therefore, this study aims to determine the improvement of student learning achievement through learning with games, namely snakes and ladders. The method used in this research is classroom action research (PTK). This research was carried out with three cycles. The subjects of this study were grade VI students of SD Negeri Langenharjo 02, Sukoharjo Regency, with 13 students. A total of 10 items were used in this study to measure student learning achievement. This study's results showed an increase in the average score from cycle I to cycle II. The average produced in cycle I was 27.69. In cycle II, an average score of 73.08 was produced; in cycle III, an average of 96.92 was obtained. The gain score obtained was 0.627, and the percentage increase was 62.7% in cycles I and II. Then, in cycles II and III, there was a gain score of 0.885 with a percentage of 88.5%. These results show an increase in the average learning achievement of SD Negeri Langenharjo 02 grade VI students through the Snakes and Ladders game.

Development of Comic Learning Media Based on Critical Thinking for Elementary School Students

Development of Comic Learning Media Based on Critical Thinking for Elementary School Students

Critical Thinking Skills Enhancement: Implementation of CLIS Learning Models on Work and Energy

This study aimed to improve critical thinking skills (CTs) using the children learning in science (CLIS) model of students about work and energy at Junior Secondary School. The form of research used a pre-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research participants were 28 students (eight grades) selected by using the intact group technique, randomly. The research instrument consisted of 6 essay questions. The result showed CTs students on work and energy was 49% in the medium category before the CLIS Lesson, while in the posttest it was 63% with the high category. Statistic descriptive analysis shows t count > t table, which means that Ho is rejected. It reveals a significant increase in the CTs of students. The increase in CTs in the CLIS model uses a gain score of 0.3 in the moderate category. So, it can be concluded that applying the CLIS model can improve CTs in energy and work materials. The CLIS model can be used as an alternative in the learning process to improve student’s CTs in work and energy materials. Keywords: critical thinking skills, CLIS learning models, work and energy

A cluster-randomized trial of water, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions on stress and epigenetic programming

A regulated stress response is essential for healthy child growth and development trajectories. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in rural Bangladesh (funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01590095) to assess the effects of an integrated nutritional, water, sanitation, and handwashing intervention on child health. We previously reported on the primary outcomes of the trial, linear growth and caregiver-reported diarrhea. Here, we assessed additional prespecified outcomes: physiological stress response, oxidative stress, and DNA methylation (N = 759, ages 1–2 years). Eight neighboring pregnant women were grouped into a study cluster. Eight geographically adjacent clusters were block-randomized into the control or the combined nutrition, water, sanitation, and handwashing (N + WSH) intervention group (receiving nutritional counseling and lipid-based nutrient supplements, chlorinated drinking water, upgraded sanitation, and handwashing with soap). Participants and data collectors were not masked, but analyses were masked. There were 358 children (68 clusters) in the control group and 401 children (63 clusters) in the intervention group. We measured four F2-isoprostanes isomers (iPF(2α)-III; 2,3-dinor-iPF(2α)-III; iPF(2α)-VI; 8,12-iso-iPF(2α)-VI), salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol, and methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) exon 1F promoter including the NGFI-A binding site. Compared with control, the N + WSH group had lower concentrations of F2-isoprostanes isomers (differences ranging from −0.16 to −0.19 log ng/mg of creatinine, P < 0.01), elevated post-stressor cortisol (0.24 log µg/dl; P < 0.01), higher cortisol residualized gain scores (0.06 µg/dl; P = 0.023), and decreased methylation of the NGFI-A binding site (−0.04; P = 0.037). The N + WSH intervention enhanced adaptive responses of the physiological stress system in early childhood.

Flip Science Module Using an Integrated PBL Model for Market Snacks to Improve Problem Solving Skills

Science education at junior high school level has a strategic role in forming students' problem-solving abilities. This research aims to see the effect of the Flip science module using a PBL model integrated with market snacks to improve middle school students' problem solving abilities. The experimental method carried out in this research used a one group pretest-posttest design. This research was conducted at SMPN 6 Yogyakarta in the even semester of 2023. This research was conducted in one class, namely class VIII D. The sampling technique used cluster random sampling. random sampling. The class is determined by the school with the assumption that the class is assumed to have the same abilities based on even gender. The data analysis technique for measuring problem solving abilities uses a normalized gain score. The research results show that the Science flip module flip module using a PBL model integrated with market snacks can improve students' problem solving abilities based on the results of a gain score of 0.7 in the high category. The results of this research can be used by teachers to improve the problem solving abilities of junior high school students in science subjects

From Text to Texture: Elevating English Teaching Through Visual Literacy Skills

In an era dominated by visual media, this study examines the effects of visual literacy training on the ability of English teachers at Kalam Kudus Elementary School in Bali to create effective teaching materials. Utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design, 21 teachers underwent training in the CRAP (Contrast, Repetition, Alignment, Proximity) principles. Data collected from pre-and post-tests, alongside a supplementary questionnaire, indicated a notable enhancement in teachers' visual literacy, with an average Gain score of 74.15%. Although the training was deemed moderately effective, educators experienced a significant boost in their understanding and application of visual design principles, contributing to the creation of more engaging educational content. The study highlights the need for continued professional development in visual literacy to address ongoing challenges, emphasizing its importance in improving educational practices.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF SIPEDA SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BERPIKIR KRITIS

Student interest in learning science needs to be increased by facilitating students in the learning process so that learning is interesting and learning goals are achieved according to national education goals, one of which is increasing the ability to think critically. There is still a low level of critical thinking and media that supports improving students’ critical abilities. So, media is needed that can provide a breakthrough for these problems. The purpose of this study is to develop media in the form of an android application called SIPEDA by referring to indicators of critical thinking skills for grade V elementary schools. Media development with the Lee and Owens (2004) model. The research subjects consisted of material and media experts, class V teachers, and 22 students for field trials. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques with interview, observation, questionnaire and test methods. The results of the material expert questionnaire got a percentage of 87% with very decent category, media experts got 82.7% of very decent category, the questionnaire for grade V teachers got 85.9% of the very decent category. Field trials with a gain score of 0.59 which means that the media affects critical thinking skills. So, it is concluded that SIPEDA media is feasible and valid to be used in the science learning process of human circulatory system material to improve critical thinking.

Development of MOOC content with STEM approach and its influence on students’ geographical literacy

This research aims to develop MOOC content with a STEM approach using the Schoology Learning Management System (LMS) and apply the developed product to assess its impact on students' geographical literacy abilities. The research falls under the category of Research and Development (R&amp;D) with a mixed-method analysis. The development model used in this study is ASSURE. The research design implemented the one-group pretest-posttest design with the N-gain score test when a significant difference was found between the average pretest and posttest scores through the paired sample T-Test. The N-gain score was then used to determine the product’s effectiveness based on Heke’s category. Then, the trial subjects were selected by purposive sampling method based on the location and school criteria. The data collection instruments used were interviews and questionnaires. The study's findings show that the MOOC content developed using a STEM approach on the LMS Schoology is highly commendable, with a score of 98.8 percent. Furthermore, the analysis indicates a significant improvement in students' geographical literacy skills, as demonstrated by the N-gain test results, which show a high gain score of 0.7105. These outcomes confirm that using the STEM approach in MOOC content within the LMS Schoology is effective in enhancing students' geographical literacy.

Effects of Religious Versus Non-religious Self-compassion Interventions on Anxiety and Quality of Life of Iranian Infertile Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Anxiety is one of the common psychological problems among infertile women, which affects their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of self-compassion intervention based on a religious and non-religious perspective regardingthe anxiety and quality of life of infertile women. A randomized clinical trial design with experimental and control groups was used. A total of 78 infertile women who lived in Yazd province, Iran, were referred to Yazd reproductive sciences institute, were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and one control groups. The participants of the first experimental group received eight sessions of self-compassion-focused intervention based on religious instructions. The second experimental group received eight sessions of non-religious self-compassion intervention, while the control group was put on the waiting list. Data were collected using Quality of Life in Infertile Couples Questionnaire (QOLICQ) and Beck anxiety inventory (BDI) in the pretest, posttest and 2-month follow-up phases and then analyzed using repeated measures as well as one-way analysis of variance. The results showed as compared to control group at the posttest and follow-up phases, the quality of life (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001) of infertile women increased and decreased, respectively, across both experimental groups. Comparison of experimental groups showed that although the difference between the two groups in the subscales of social relationships and sexual satisfaction was not significant, the gain scores of quality of life and anxiety were significantly greater in the first experimental group. These findings indicate that given the religious background of infertile women, religious self-compassion intervention can be relatively more effective in improving the quality of life and anxiety of infertile women than non-religious intervention.

Conditioning on the Pre-Test versus Gain Score Modelling: Revisiting the Controversy in a Multilevel Setting.

We consider estimating the effect of a treatment on a given outcome measured on subjects tested both before and after treatment assignment in observational studies. A vast literature compares the competing approaches of modelling the post-test score conditionally on the pre-test score versus modelling the difference, namely, the gain score. Our contribution lies in analyzing the merits and drawbacks of two approaches in a multilevel setting. This is relevant in many fields, such as education, where students are nested within schools. The multilevel structure raises peculiar issues related to contextual effects and the distinction between individual-level and cluster-level treatments. We compare the two approaches through a simulation study. For individual-level treatments, our findings align with existing literature. However, for cluster-level treatments, the scenario is more complex, as the cluster mean of the pre-test score plays a key role. Its reliability crucially depends on the cluster size, leading to potentially unsatisfactory estimators with small clusters.

EFFECTS OF USING DISCUSSION SUPPLEMENTED WITH MUSIC ON INTEREST AND PERFORMANCE OF HOME ECONOMICS PUPILS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

The study investigated the effects of using discussion supplemented with music on the interest and academic achievement of Home Economics pupils in Primary Schools in Abia State. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses formulated and tested for the study. The design of the study was a quasi-experimental research design.. A sample size of eighty (80) which consist of 38 pupils (17 males and 21 females) that was assigned to the experimental group and 42 pupils (20 males and 22 females) that was assigned to the control group of primary five drawn from the population involving two intact classes using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used for data collection were Home Economics Achievement Test (HEAT) and Measure of Home Economics Interest Scale (MHEIS), determined using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) statistic and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The study revealed that Pupils taught with discussion supplemented with music had more interest in Home Economics than the pupils in control groups. This is evident in the table 1 were both of the experimental and control groups had the mean gain score for experimental group I as 11.400 while that for control group was 0.750. Music teaching method has relative effect on Pupils achievement in Home Economics in terms of interest. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that teachers should be encouraged to make use of the supplementation of music in teaching for better interest and academic achievements in Home Economics.

The Teachings of Tamansiswa (Niteni, Nirokke, Nambahi) Based E-PBL-STEM: Is It Feasible to Improve Critical Thinking Skills and Science Verbal Representation?

Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze the feasibility and impact of the Tri N-based E-PBL STEM learning model on students' critical thinking skills and verbal representation in science learning. Theoretical framework: The competencies students must have in the 4.0 era are not just hard skills but more soft skills such as critical thinking and verbal representation. Learning must be able to facilitate the development of these skills while still upholding the teachings of the nation's culture. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a learning model based on problems, STEM and Tamansiswa Tri N teachings while still integrating technological advances with augmented reality. Method: The method used is quasi experiment with a one group pre test-post test research design. This quasi experimental research uses only one experimental class without using the control class as a comparison.. Results and conclusion: The research results show that the Tri-N based EPBL-STEM model was rated "Very good" by the validator with a total score of 114, meaning it exceeds 85.5. This is reinforced by 100% implementation of the RPP and 82.4% student response, which means they really like this model and practicality results from practitioners are 87.5%. The Tri N-based E-PBL STEM model also has the impact of increasing students' critical thinking skills scores and verbal representations through the GAin test. The average gain score for each material is 0.64. Meanwhile, the average scores for critical thinking skills and verbal representation were 0.64 and 0.70 respectively. The conclusion that there is an increase in students' critical thinking skills and verbal representation in the medium category. The findings of this research show that the Tri N-based EPBL-STEM model developed is very good and very practical, so it is very suitable to be applied in learning. Implications of the research: This research is limited to the variables of critical thinking skills and verbal representation of science as a first step to increasing students' soft skill competencies in building their own knowledge freely and comfortably. Originality: In the developing skills for the 4.0 era towards 5.0, this research is based on problem-based learning combined with STEM and Tamansiswa Tri N teachings by integrating AR.

Developing Supplementary Books on Mangroves in Aceh Tamiang for Biology Students

This study aimed to produce supplementary books on mangroves in Aceh Tamiang for undergraduate students in the Ecology course. Research and Development (R&amp;D) adapted from the Thiagarajan (4D) model consisting of defining, designing, developing and disseminating stages were used. Field research was employed to develop the product. Material expert lecturers, learning design experts, and layout design experts validated the supplement book developed. Ecology lecturers and students of the Biology department at the State University of Medan assessed it. The results of the assessment by the material experts had a mean score of 86.6% in the very good/feasible category. Meanwhile, learning design experts had a mean score of 93.2% in the very good/feasible category. Likewise, the layout design experts had a mean score of 91.3% in the very good/feasible category. Responses towards the books by lecturers had a high very good/feasible category with an overall percentage of 90.26%. The students’ results based on individual, small group and limited field tests obtained the mean scores of 97.9%, 89% and 90.95%, respectively, in the very good/feasible category. These results indicated that the supplementary books that have been developed were very good/feasible. This product’s effectiveness could be seen from the gain score of 0.52 in the moderate category and the results of the Wilcoxon test t-count 0.000 &lt; t-table 0.05. It can be concluded that using the supplement books effectively increases students’ knowledge of mangrove ecosystems with significant differences in pretest and posttest scores so that supplement books can be used as additional teaching materials for lecturers, students and readers.&#x0D; Keywords: supplementary books, mangroves, ecology course

The Effectiveness of Utilizing PhET in Increasing the Comprehension of Physics Concepts

This research was conducted with the objective of assessing the effectiveness of utilizing PhET media in order to increase the comprehension of physics concepts among eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Makassar. This research design was a true experiment, specifically a pretest-posttest control group design. The population comprised all students of XI Science at SMA Negeri 2 Makassar with the total of three classes. The sampling method utilized was random sampling, and the process of collecting data entailed a test. The test consisted of a pretest conducted before the learning phase and a posttest administered after the completion of the learning activities. The indicators for assessing the comprehension of the concepts were based on Bloom's Taxonomy, specifically Translation, Interpretation, and Extrapolation. The comprehensive analysis of the data revealed that the students' comprehension of physics concepts was increased more effectively through the utilization of PhET simulation media. These findings suggest a significant positive effect of incorporating PhET simulation media in physics learning on student outcomes. The N gain score indicates an increase in students' comprehension of the material, demonstrating an increased ability to apply physics concepts following the implementation of PhET simulation media in the learning process. The implementation of PhET simulations in physics education yields positive impact in terms of increasing comprehension of physics concepts. Additionally, the utilization of PhET simulations facilitates the attainment of educational objectives by both teachers and students. Moreover, PhET simulations have the potential to streamline the learning process in classes that previously necessitated an abundance of materials and instruments for experimentation. In other terms, PhET serves as an effective learning medium.

A Study to assess the Effectivness of Planned Teaching Progamme on Dengue Fever in Terms of Knowledge

The study was experimental in nature with one group pre-test post-test design. The Planned teaching programme on dengue fever was developed by reviewing the extensive. Literature on dengue fever in terms of knowledge. The samples of 60 people were selected through probability simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for generating necessary data was a structured knowledge questionnaire. The obtained data was analysed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical in terms of Mean, Standard Deviation, ‘t’value. In the overall content area, mean gain scores were comparatively higher after exposure to planned teaching programme on dengue fever findings indicate that the planned teaching programme is a suitable and effective method of instruction. On the basis of findings, the following recommendation were made: The study can be replicated on a large sample, there by findings can be generalised for a large population.

Pengembangan E-Book Interaktif untuk Menunjang Pembelajaran Diferensiasi pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar

The development of interactive e-books based on differentiation is undertaken due to the unavailability of digital learning resources, diverse learning styles among students, and a classroom environment that does not accommodate differentiated learning. The research aims to produce digital learning resources (product feasibility) and assess their effectiveness (benefits) in supporting the process of differentiated learning. The resulting product is named “E-Bid”, which is in e-Pub format, accessible on laptops, PC, and tablets, preferably connected to the internet. The research follows the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Data collection methods used include tests and questionnaires. During the testing phase, two media and subject matter experts were involved. This was followed by a limited trial involving 10 fifth-grade students from Gla Meunasah Baro Elementary School to assess the level of appropriateness and usefulness of the learning outcomes in terms of differentiated learning on the topics of Hajj and Sacrifice (Kurban). The trial results showed that the product’s feasibility was rated highly, with scores of 3.44 (very feasible) from the subject matter expert and 3.57 (very feasible) from the media expert. Furthermore, the small group test received a score of 3.69 (very feasible). The assessment of the product’s benefits yielded a pre-test score of 54.3, a post-test score of 87.7, and a gain score of 33.40, indicating a highly beneficial outcome (very feasible category).