Geography Of Europe Research Articles

Looking for a River, or, Travelers in Africa

In a laconic sentence, deflating all that can make travel writing imperialistic and self-aggrandizing, Mungo Park tells of a guide he hired in West Africa who, when he was told, that I had come from a great dis? tance, and through many dangers, to behold the Joliba river, naturally inquired, if there were no rivers in my own country, and whether one river was not like another (199). To which one immediately responds, as both traveler and reader, that not all rivers are alike; the ones we know at home tend to look much the same, while those we read about seem infinitely alluring. And yet this sentence, appearing a little more than halfway through Park's Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa is intended to remind us that its author is a sober, scientifically inclined traveler in search of facts that, while commonplace knowledge among the inhabitants of subSaharan Africa, had long eluded European geographers. To reduce the motives for Park's travels to a single question?does the Joliba or Niger flow in an easterly or westerly direction?strips his Travels of much that makes it so compelling: its remarkably precise description of the people, flora, and fauna he observed on his journey; its unsparing depiction ofthe most brutalized form of the slave trade; its record of sheer human perseverance in the face of disease, cultural hostility, bad luck, and most every other obstacle one can imagine. This new edition of the Travels reprints the second edition of 1799 and is most welcome for coming with an illuminating introduction and highly useful notes by Kate Ferguson Marsters. Fully informed in recent work on postcolonial theory, especially as it relates to travel writing, Marsters makes certain necessary points (in the wake of Mary Louise Pratt and others) about the ways Park's Travels can be read as an early manifestation of the imperial eye that would soon colonize and exploit all that it beheld. Yet Marsters is also alive to the sheer

:Trading Territories: Mapping the Early Modern World

Offering an account of the status of maps and geographical knowledge in the Early Modern world, this work focuses on how early European geographers mapped the territories of the Old World (Africa and South-East Asia). It contends that the historical preoccupation with Columbus's discovery of the New World in 1492 has tended to obscure the importance of the mapping of territories which have been defined as eastern. The author places the rise of Early Modern mapping within the context of the seaborne commercial adventures of the early maritime empires - the Portuguese, the Spanish, the Ottoman, the Dutch and the English. He explores the ways in which maps and globes were used to mediate in the commercial and diplomatic disputes between these empires, which came to value the map for what it told their power-brokers about their place in the world, over and above its objective depiction of the world. Brotton argues that it was trade, diplomacy and financial speculation which defined the development of early maps and globes, rather than disinterested intellectual pursuit of scientific accuracy and objectivity.

建国期アメリカにおける地理教育成立の一系譜

In Japan, many studies have been conducted on Social Studies Education in U. S., but little is known about the studies on Geography Education in U. S. The year 1783 marked the end of the American Revolution, the citizens of the United States would need to be educated in the values necessary for national cohesion. Davidson, R. published a geography book in 1784. Davidson's Geography Epitomized was “world tour” in rhyme. Brown identified Morse, J as the “father of American geography”. Morse's Geography made easy presented the geography of the United States. According to Morse, the geography of Europe and of Asia was well-known by Americans, while they were ignorant of accurate accounts of their own new republic. Jefferson's geography of Virginia added to the intellectual respectability of geography in U. S.

Demographic trends and population prospects in Southeastern Europe

Three basic questions are under consideration in today?s demographic community: a) the European geography of demographic behaviors allows us to consider the geopolitical area of S.E. Europe as uniform and clearly distinguished from the rest of Europe, b) to what extent the observed recent evolutions in the ex "socialist" S.E. European countries are registered in the long term or/and have been affected by the seismic policies and socio-economic changes as well as the consequent difficulties the inhabitants of these countries meet during the transition period and finally c) the demographic perspectives of these countries and their direct and indirect implications. In this article we do not aspire to give answers to all of the above questions. Initially, we confined ourselves to a synthetic presentation of post-war demographic evolutions (giving indirectly an answer to the question of the existence or nonexistence of a demographic profile of the Balkans). Then we focused our attention to the expected demographic trends and the problems they raise on the one hand, to the labor market of these countries on their course to free market, and on the other hand, to the migration pressures these countries might bring upon the neighboring E.C. countries.

Book Review: A European geography

Book Review: A European geography

Invariance between subjects of brain wave representations of language.

In three experiments, electric brain waves of 19 subjects were recorded under several different experimental conditions for two purposes. One was to test how well we could recognize which sentence, from a set of 24 or 48 sentences, was being processed in the cortex. The other was to study the invariance of brain waves between subjects. As in our earlier work, the analysis consisted of averaging over trials to create prototypes and test samples, to both of which Fourier transforms were applied, followed by filtering and an inverse transformation to the time domain. A least-squares criterion of fit between prototypes and test samples was used for classification. In all three experiments, averaging over subjects improved the recognition rates. The most significant finding was the following. When brain waves were averaged separately for two nonoverlapping groups of subjects, one for prototypes and the other for test samples, we were able to recognize correctly 90% of the brain waves generated by 48 different sentences about European geography.

Can Regional Policies Affect Growth and Geography in Europe?

The World EconomyVolume 21, Issue 6 p. 757-774 Can Regional Policies Affect Growth and Geography in Europe? Philippe Martin, Philippe Martin Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, CERAS, Paris and CEPR, LondonSearch for more papers by this author Philippe Martin, Philippe Martin Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, CERAS, Paris and CEPR, LondonSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 January 2003 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00162Citations: 79AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume21, Issue6August 1998Pages 757-774 RelatedInformation

The Emergence and Development of Geographic Thought in New England

Some of the early settlers of New England brought with them the works and thought of European geographers, notably Ptolemy, Münster, Cluver, Carpenter, and Varenius. Beginning in the 1600s the work of British geographers Gordon and Salmon and Guthrie and Pinkerton was acknowledged, preceding that of Jedidiah Morse, “Father of American Geography.” Morse led the way for a large number of geography texts written by Americans, emphasizing North America and characterized by Varenius’s special geography.Early collegiate developments in New England geography were led by Harvard and Yale universities, the College of Rhode Island (later renamed Brown University), and Dartmouth College. The 20 or so normal schools throughout New England, introduced in the middle 1800s, constituted a nursery for geographic education. Also noted are more recent college and university geography departments established throughout the region, including notably Clark University. The founding of societies and associations in New England also furthered the cause of geography.

Identity, Solidarity and the New Geography of Europe: Teaching Ideas and Materials

This article is an edited version of a paper delivered at the Geographical Association’s Annual Conference in April 1996. Its main underlying aim is to show that knouledge of the ‘Europeanprocess’ is necessary if people are to develop a stronger attachment to Europe and to move towards a position of solidarity within Europe and the wider world. Much of what is presented is based an work done with students which was designed to find out about their attitudes towards and perceptions of Europe. It looks at the attachment that students from different countries feel towards their region, nation, Europe and humankind, and at bow images and stereotypes can have an impact on international relations It also looks at welfare disparities in Europe and the need that these create for greater solidarity between peoples. The development and distribution of nations within Europe, and the ways in which it can be both fragmented ami unified are considered, as are the ways in which many communities try to improve co-operation in Europe. The article etuis with a discussion ofhow a just territorial and social order in Europe could lead to a better future.

English and Italian children's knowledge of European geography

English and Italian children's geographical knowledge of Europe was studied, particularly their landmark, configurational and route knowledge. The children were aged 7–11‐years‐old, and their knowledge of Europe was assessed using a variety of different methods, including verbal questioning, a categorization task, a physical arrangement task, an outline map task and a textbook map vs. satellite photo interpretation task. Convergent findings were obtained by the use of these various methods. In addition to differences associated with age, there were consistent and substantial differences in landmark and configurational knowledge between the Italian and English children, with the Italian children exhibiting a higher level of knowledge about Europe compared with their English peers. Sex differences were also found, but these were primarily confined to the children's configurational knowledge. It is suggested that the nationality differences may be due to the differential availability of information about Europe to children in Italy and England, with this differential availability of information itself being a product of the different social representations of Europe which prevail in these two countries.

The Political Geography of Europe: 1900-2000 A.D.

Abstract During the 20th century, the political geography of Europe has been reshaped several times. In World War I, Germany created several new states in Eastern Europe including an independent Ukraine. After the war, the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire helped to produce the familiar middle tier of states that ran from Poland on the Baltic to Yugoslavia on the Adriatic. Germany altered that pattern in WWII when Poland and the Czech lands were taken over and the new states of Slovakia and Croatia appeared. The Soviet Union radically altered the boundaries of Eastern Europe after World War II. With the collapse of Soviet control over Eastern Europe in recent years, creation of another group of states and further changes in boundaries have taken place. Five times during the course of the century the political geography of Europe has undergone major change. There is nothing to suggest that the political scene has stabilized.

Review Article: Transport and Spatial Development in Europe

The Geography of Europe's Futures, ed. by I. Masser, O. S vidén, M. Wegener Transport and Communications lnnovation in Europe, ed. by G. Giannopoulos and A. Gillespie Transport for a Sustainable Future, by John Whitelegg Transport Economics, 2nd edition, by Kenneth J. Button The European Economy 1914–1990, 3rd edition by Derek H. Aldcroft The Economic Emergence of a New Europe? The Political Economy of Cooperation and Competition in the 1990s, by Grahame F. Thompson

THE GEOGRAPHY OF POST‐COLONIAL AFRICA: SPACE, PLACE AND DEVELOPMENT IN SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA (1960–93)1

ABSTRACTThis overview of human geographic studies of sub Saharan Africa begins with the contributions made by West European geographers to the colonial service, and the growing interest in post‐war ‘development’ and to the anti‐imperial movements in the late colonial period (1945–60). The paper provides an intellectual map of the contributions by European and African geographers to the broad array of development problems which emerged after 1960. North American geographers made significant contributions to the debate somewhat later, particularly in association with the growing involvement of U.S. development agencies in the 1970s. Particular emphasis is given to geographic studies in fields such as agrarian change, ecological degradation, industrialization, human mobility and patterns of urbanization and settlement.

The Geography of Europe's Futures

Part 1 Exploring the future: antecedents. Part 2 Scenarios: population lifestyles economy environment regional development urban and rural form goods transport passenger transport communications. Part 3 Choices for Europe: towards a new paradigm issues for decision makers.

Foreign Debt in the New East-Central Europe: A Threat to European Integration?

East-Central Europe (Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia—ECE) is one of the least known parts of the world in English-language geography. In spite of its proximity to Western Europe and the European Community (EC) it has received a very modest amount of attention from English-speaking geographers compared with that from German-speaking and French-speaking colleagues. Studies of political and economic geography of the ECE are also hampered by the lack of appropriate methodology and theory. Some of the most important issues involved lie in the economic sphere of transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. In the current paper, an attempt is made to survey and evaluate the size and character of existing debt stocks owed to the West by ECE and then to assess their likely impact on the political and economic geography of Europe and the EC. It is concluded that the international financial community is making it politically difficult for the countries in the region to persist with their structural reforms and stabilization policies. The future political and economic geography of ECE and EC depends, to a large extent, on the ability of the Western financial system to respond to the long-term needs of the region.

Reviews: A Morally Deep World: An Essay on Moral Significance and Environmental Ethics, the Economy of the Earth: Philosophy, Law and the Environment, Approaches to Planning: Introducing Current Planning Theories, Concepts and Issues, the Geography of Europe's Futures, Breaking the Boundaries: A One-World Approach to Planning Education, Studies in Operational Regional Science, Volume 9, Route Choice: Wayfinding in Transport Networks,

Reviews: A Morally Deep World: An Essay on Moral Significance and Environmental Ethics, the Economy of the Earth: Philosophy, Law and the Environment, Approaches to Planning: Introducing Current Planning Theories, Concepts and Issues, the Geography of Europe's Futures, Breaking the Boundaries: A One-World Approach to Planning Education, Studies in Operational Regional Science, Volume 9, Route Choice: Wayfinding in Transport Networks,

An Historical Geography of Europe

An Historical Geography of Europe

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An Historical Geography of Europe

An Historical Geography of Europe

SHORTER REVIEWS

International Journal of Urban and Regional ResearchVolume 15, Issue 2 p. 315-320 SHORTER REVIEWS First published: June 1991 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1991.tb00640.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Book reviewed in this article: Featherstone, M. (ed.), 1990: Global culture: nationalism, globalization and modernity. Fine, B., 1990: The coal question: political economy and industrial change from the nineteenth century to the present day. Hebbert, M. and J.C. Hansen (eds), 1990: Unfamiliar territory: the reshaping of European geography. Lange, P. and M. Regini (eds), 1990: State, market and social regulation: new perspectives on Italy. Villasante, T., J. Alguacil, C. Denche, A. Hernández Aja, C. Leon and I. Velázquez, 1990: Retrato de chabolista con piso: análisis de redes sociales en la remodelación de barrios de Madrid. Watson, S. (ed.), 1989: Playing the state: Australian feminist interventions. Volume15, Issue2June 1991Pages 315-320 RelatedInformation