Fuyang River Research Articles

Accumulation and risk assessment of sedimentary trace metals in response to industrialization from the tributaries of Fuyang River System

Three tributaries of the Fuyang River System, North China (Shaocun River-SR, Wangyang River-WR and Xiao River-XR), were selected for a case study evaluating the effect of industrialization on the accumulation of sedimentary trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), as well as the potential ecological risk (PER). This study showed that different pollution sources resulted in varying sedimentary trace metal characteristics and caused tremendously high metal contents. SR had high mean sedimentary Cr (1,588 mg/kg) and Zn (958 mg/kg) contents due to tannery wastewater discharge, while high mean contents of Zn (493 mg/kg) and Pb (481 mg/kg) were observed in the sediments from WR which received pharmaceutical wastewater, and high Cr (822 mg/kg) and Zn (695 mg/kg) contents were attributed to domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater effluent to XR. The highest mean content of Cd (6.69 mg/kg) was observed in XR, Cr (1,588 mg/kg) in SR and Pb (481 mg/kg) in WR. Enrichment factors indicated that Cd in XR, Pb in WR and Cr in SR were enriched largely due to the fast industrialization in the watershed, with the average values of 47.8, 37.0 and 17.6, respectively. The calculation of comprehensive PER indices revealed that there was serious ecological risk in XR due to high Cd contents, whereas moderate risk existed in WR and low risk in SR. Hence, sedimentary trace metal pollution resulting from regional industrialization should be taken into consideration seriously with respect to aquatic ecosystem biodiversity and ambient quality.

Seismic Response Analysis of Fuyang River Aqueduct

In this paper, using finite element software ANSYSanalyzes seismic respons of Fuyang river aqueduct, respectively establishfinite element model under viscoelastic boundary conditions and elasticboundary conditions, compare and analyze seismic respons of aqueduct structureunder two kinds of boundary conditions. The results show that, compared withelastic boundary conditions, viscoelastic boundary conditions not only cansimulate elastic recovery performance of foundation, but also can realizeinfinite medium radiation damping, and viscoelastic boundary conditions is moreclose to the actual situation.

Vertical distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the hyporheic zone of a eutrophic river in North China

Nitrification plays a significant role in the global nitrogen cycle, and this concept has been challenged with the discovery of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the environment. In this paper, the vertical variations of the diversity and abundance of AOA in the hyporheic zone of the Fuyang River in North China were investigated by molecular techniques, including clone libraries, phylogenetic analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The archaeal amoA gene was detected in all sediments along the profile, and all AOA fell within marine group 1.1a and soil group1.1b of the Thaumarchaeota phylum, with the latter being the dominant type. The diversity of AOA decreased with the sediment depth, and there was a shift in AOA community between top-sediments (0-5 cm) and sub-sediments (5-70 cm). The abundance of the archaeal amoA gene (1.48 × 10⁷ to 5.50 × 10⁷ copies g⁻¹ dry sediment) was higher than that of the bacterial amoA gene (4.01 × 10⁴ to 1.75 × 10⁵ copies g⁻¹ dry sediment) in sub-sediments, resulting in a log₁₀ ratio of AOA to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) from 2.27 to 2.69, whereas AOB outnumbered AOA in top-sediments with a low log10 ratio of (-0.24). The variations in the AOA community were primarily attributed to the combined effect of the nutrients (ammonium-N, nitrate-N and total organic carbon) and oxygen in sediments. Ammonium-N was the major factor influencing the relative abundance of AOA and AOB, although other factors, such as total organic carbon, were involved. This study helps elucidate the roles of AOA and AOB in the nitrogen cycling of hyporheic zone.

Effect of Water Pipe Cooling on Thermal Stress of FuYang River Aqueduct Structure

In order to analyze the influence rule of water pipe cooling on the temperature field and thermal stress of large aqueduct structure, the finite element analysis model for FuYang River Aqueduct structure was established. The temperature field and thermal stress of the aqueduct structure were calculated. The following two cases were considered: structure with or without water pipe cooling, as well as the different beginning pouring months (May, June and July). The hydration-degree-based calculation methods of temperature and stress of concrete were adopted, and the high precision discrete simulation method of water pipe was used. The calculation results show that embedding the cooling pipe in concrete can effectively reduce the temperature difference between inside and outside of the early concrete and thermal stress, and is therefore effective to prevent concrete cracks. High accuracy of simulation and analysis can make people basically figure out the specific mechanism of concrete cracking and main factors even before construction, and determine accurately the structure crack location and the developing tendency.

Assessment of plain river ecosystem function based on improved gray system model and analytic hierarchy process for the Fuyang River, Haihe River Basin, China

A comprehensive conceptual model for assessment of river ecosystem function and a multilevel indicator system by including the hydrology and water resources, water environment, physical habitat, as well as biotic structure for the plain river ecosystem function of the Haihe River Basin were constructed in this research. The indicator weights were determined by analytic hierarchy process and the improved gray system model was used to assess the ecosystem function of the Fuyang River in the Haihe River Basin. The elements that determine the plain river ecosystem function are physical habitat, hydrology and water resources, biotic structure and water environment. The maximum membership degree of gray incidence of ecosystem function for the Fuyang River is 0.7228, indicating that ecosystem function of the Fuyang River is at a critical state; comprehensive restoration including water quantity recovery and water quality improvement should be introduced to improve the ecosystem function of the Fuyang River.

Pollution characteristics and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the southern part of the Haihe River system in China

The southern part of the Haihe River system, the largest river system in the Haihe River Basin, is important to maintain a healthy ecosystem and safe drinking water as well as for the economic development of China. To assess the effect of rapid industrialization and urbanization on the pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination, the PAH pollution characteristics of the southern part of the Haihe River system was investigated. Sixteen PAHs in surface sediments samples collected from 24 sites covering the southern part of the Haihe River system from the upstream to the estuaries were detected and analyzed. The total PAH concentration ranged from 258.77 to 11296.66 ng/g dry weight. On average, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs comprised 25.32%, 27.22%, 22.62%, 14.89% and 9.96% of the total PAHs, respectively. Sites with high concentrations were concentrated in the Fuhe River, Fuyang River and Wei River, which are located near cities. A risk quotient (RQ) was used to assess the ecological risk of PAHs. The mean values of the RQ(MPCs) of individual PAHs were lower than 1.00, except for those of naphthalene (2.00) and pyrene (1.67). The RQΣPAHs calculated for the samples indicated that the Xidayang reservoir and the estuary of the Ziya River were determined to be at a low risk level, while Baoding City, Handan City and Aixinzhuang were determined to be at a high risk level.

A DEM-based residual kriging model for estimating groundwater levels within a large-scale domain: a study for the Fuyang River Basin

It is a basis of the effective groundwater resources management to understand the movements and changes of groundwater, wherein the information about spatial distribution of groundwater levels is indispensable. Geostatistical methods like kriging have been widely used to estimate groundwater levels based on observation wells. The errors are inevitably introduced through the interpolation process; hence, how to increase the accuracy, which is based on limited well data, has become an urgent issue for estimating groundwater levels, especially for a large area. This study developed an integrated DEM-based residual kriging model for estimating groundwater levels within a large-scale domain. The model can yield more physically plausible estimates of groundwater levels in a large-scale domain than those currently in use by effectively utilizing well data and considering the influences of terrain morphology on the groundwater flow. The model was then applied to the Fuyang River Basin, a 5,000 km2 investigating area, in the North China for estimating the regional groundwater levels and flow. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was employed to prove that the DEM information could markedly facilitate the residuals to approach a normal distribution, which insures satisfied estimate accuracy. For demonstrating the advantages of the proposed DEM-based trend surface, three types of trend surface using both simple and quadratic equations were developed to estimate groundwater levels. Based on the verification points, the mean error, the mean absolute error, and the square root of the quadratic multiply error, for each trend-surface equation were compared. The DEM-based trend surface equations were discovered with the highest accuracy. The results indicated that quadratic equation could more effectively present the trend surface than simple one with a higher correlation coefficient. However, for a large-scale estimation domain with limited well data, the simple equation for DEM-based trend surface showed more feasible with better accuracy than the quadratic one. Further research on improving trend-surface simulation to more effectively reflect system complexities would be desired.

The influence of water vapour on the fatigue crack propagation kinetics in pure aluminium single crystals: Tong, Z.-X., Lin, S. and Hsiao, C.-M. Metall. Trans. A May 1989 20A, (5), 925–933

The Fuyang River system (FRS) in north China, for a long time, is seriously polluted with organic compounds and heavy metals due to industrialization. However, the information on heavy metal pollution in this area is still limited, and health risks raised by trace elements are neglected up to now. To characterize the heavy metal pollutants and assess their potential ecological risks scientifically in FRS, surface sediments were collected from 66 sampling sites selected according to the hydrological and anthropogenic conditions along the river. A total of twelve metal pollutants (e.g., Cr, As, and Hg) in the sediments were detected among the distributaries. A combining application of geoaccumulation index (Igeo), ratio of secondary phase and primary phase (RSP), and the ecological risk factor (Eri) in this study gave systematic assessment results of single or combined pollution status raised by heavy metals in this area. The results show that Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Co, and Sn are mainly dispersed in the river reaches of Xingtai City and pose potential health risks in midstream, as per the geoaccumulation index and Pearson’s correlation analyses. In particular, Cd accumulates strongly in sediments of Ming River and Aixinzhuang dam from Xingtai City. In upstream and downstream of FRS, the potential ecological risk is low, except in Yongnian County where high ecological risk was caused by Cd and Hg. These findings provide new insights into the pollution characteristics and assessment of the potential ecological risks induced by heavy metals along FRS, which suggest new directions should strategically tend to typical pollutants control by policy formulation and taking effective measures to prevent and manage heavy metal pollution in North China.