Future Wireless Technologies Research Articles

Standardization of cognitive radio networking: a comprehensive survey

Cognitive radio networking has recently presented itself as a key technology to alleviate the severe spectrum underutilization and provide a solution for spectrum scarcity. Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) are foreseen as the future wireless information and communications technologies (ICT) that exploit dynamic spectrum access (DSA) strategies to provide wireless connectivity. The enabling component of CRNs and DSA is the cognitive radio (CR). A CR is a wireless device that senses the surrounding radio environment and opportunistically accesses the unutilized spectrum bands based on the activities of the surrounding primary licensed networks. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the recent and ongoing standardization activities of the different ICT standardization bodies related to CRN and DSA systems. Unlike existing literature, our comprehensive study covers the standardization efforts of the different involved standardization bodies all over the globe. We classify such standards into TV white space standards and coexistence standards. We also discuss the standards developed to incorporate CRN and DSA concepts to existing wireless technologies.

Information Technology in Intelligent Warehouse Management System Based on ZigBee

Currently, RF technology for applications in logistics management, national research institutions and researchers devoted considerable effort. We also used some foreign advanced technologies in order to come to launch their own products, such as Shanghai Petrochemical BPM technology and logistics system will combine the ZigBee technology, the magnitude of such a system and application level information management further spread, which is the use of white sand and logistics jobs demand RFID technology to access cargo management, cargo inventory, position adjustment step, the basic realization of innovative research in the warehouse management system. Therefore, in the current intelligent warehouse management systems, wireless communication network technology applied to the management system has become an inevitable trend, on the one hand due to the wireless network can provide greater flexibility and mobility, in terms of eliminating a lot of wiring cost and effort, on the other hand it is more in line with internal information storage system data communications features in the future wireless network communication technology will further forward, so it will be able to greatly promote intelligent storage systems, networking process.

Introduction to three papers on radio-propagation studies related to public-safety communications

The three papers in this special section focus on radio-propagation studies as they apply to public safety communications. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is involved in a several-year effort to understand and address the wireless communication problems that first responders. Addresses the following: experiments performed before, during, and after the implosion of three large building structures; key elements that pose challenges to public-safety radio communications into and out of large buildings; and experiments performed in the streets in downtown Denver, CO, for frequencies between 700 MHz and 4.9 GHz. The experimental data discussed here represent a large public-domain dataset. The experimental dataset presented here and in the various references will aid in improving channel descriptions for large public buildings, and will be useful for assessing current and future wireless technology in emergency scenarios.

Flight trial demonstration of seamless aeronautical networking

This article presents the in-flight demonstration of a new integrated aircraft communications system combining legacy and future radio technologies. This system, developed and validated under real environmental conditions during flight trials, integrates all the aeronautical service domains within a common IPv6-based aeronautical network. The flight trials were held within the framework of the European SANDRA project at Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, in June 2013. The presented outcomes emphasize the flexibility and scalability of the developed network and demonstrate the seamless service coverage of the given architecture across different airspace domains.

Using 3-D Video Game Technology in Channel Modeling

We present here a paper on the potential use of game engines and graphic technologies for 3-D ray-based technologies used to simulate multipath channels. Our approach harnesses the power of video game development engines to provide an urban 3-D ray-based model for exploration and analysis of multipath channels for a wide frequency range in different complex outdoor and indoor scenarios. Game technologies offer a variety of options for exploiting the capabilities of graphical processing units and provide high performance in computing time with accurate results for channel modeling in current and future wireless technologies. We show the usefulness of this approach using our 3-D ray-based system in different applications.

Cross-Layer Contextual Interactions in Wireless Networks

Future wireless networks should facilitate efficient communication for rapidly growing bandwidth intensive applications. The existing layered protocol stack lacks efficiency in handling such applications. Cross-layer interactions can operate within the existing protocol stack and are a promising solution. In this article we present a survey of cross-layer interactions in wireless networks. We classify the cross-layer solutions based on the nature of the adaptation using a systematic evaluation of existing approaches. We identify critical criteria applicable to generic cross-layer framework design. Further, we analyze the existing generic cross-layer frameworks and qualitatively compare them based on the identified criteria. Context awareness is an essential and important element of future pervasive and wireless technologies. We propose to consider the context awareness as an essential and important aspect in cross-layer interactions and adaptations. We discuss context parameters with respect to adaptations that can be enabled at the layered protocol stack. Finally, we discuss open research challenges and gaps to be filled in cross-layer interactions in wireless networks.

Cellular and Molecular Responses to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

In recent years, people have been exposed to many kinds of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by domestic electrical appliances and mobile telecommunication devices. There is increasing public concern regarding the health risks of radio-frequency (RF) radiation, particularly that produced by mobile phones. Concern regarding the potential risks of exposure to EMFs has led to many epidemiological investigations, but the effects of EMF exposure on human and other mammalian cells are still unclear. Cellular studies of the effects of RF EMFs have been conducted more often than epidemiological and animal studies. This review provides a summary of the potential cellular effects of RF fields, including those generated by cell phones and their base stations. In vitro studies of the effects of RF fields can mainly be classified into those examining genotoxic and nongenotoxic effects. Genotoxic effects include DNA strand breaks, micronucleus formation, mutation, and chromosomal aberration, i.e., changes involving damage to DNA. Nongenotoxic effects refer to changes in cellular functions, including cell proliferation, signal transduction, and gene expression (mRNA and protein). The results of most recent studies show no marked effects of RF exposure at the cellular and genetic levels. However, some studies have suggested RF effects, and these results require further investigation. As the wireless power transfer technologies are gaining more popularity, it is important that the engineering community participate in the health assessment study with medical and biological research groups. Since the electromagnetic environment due to future wireless power technologies continues to increase, biologists also have to promote the research assessment utilizing advanced technologies in the life sciences. This review paper attempts to provide an insight on the cellular and molecular responses to the RF electromagnetic fields and the understanding of such biological impacts are important for wireless power technology applications.

Issues and Initiatives for Practical Deployment of Wireless Power Transfer Technologies in Japan

The Broadband Wireless Forum (BWF) was established in Japan under the guidance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan, to enhance future wireless technologies through collaboration involving industry, government, and academia. Wireless power transfer (WPT) is one of the key technologies expected to lead to the emergence of new business fields in the near future. In this context, the Wireless Power Transmission Working Group (WPT-WG) was formed in BWF to discuss problems concerning the commercialization of WPT technologies. In this paper, issues and initiatives of WPT-WG are presented.

Photonic Generation of Ultrawideband (UWB) Pulse With Tunable Notch-Band Behavior

A photonic approach to generating the ultrawideband (UWB) pulses with tunable band-rejection behavior based on a negative coefficient two-tap microwave photonic filter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. To avoid the interference between UWB and the Wireless Fidelity system, the UWB pulse with the “batwing” shape, which corresponds to the 5-GHz notch-band in frequency domain, is generated. Moreover, the band-notched position of the generated UWB signals could be tuned by adjusting the basic delay of the microwave photonic filter. Utilizing the optically tunable band-rejection character, the UWB systems can coexist with existing and future wireless network technologies almost without interference, as well as provide the opportunity for the combination between UWB-over-fiber and cognitive radio.

Wireless Technology Development: History, Now, and Then

Wireless technology is one of many technologies that can enable people to communicate with each other by air medium, or rather you can say by radio frequency. This paper discusses about history of wireless technology, different kinds of wireless connection, wireless technology standards, and a few comparisons of different kinds of world’s wireless technology standards. Besides discussing about history about wireless technology and wireless technology that we can use nowadays, this paper also reviews about prediction of wireless technology development in the future for better human life. The purpose of this study is to give a glimpse of view on how the wireless technology develops, the world standard for wireless technologies and work system, the security and characteristic for each wireless technology including advantages and drawbacks, and future wireless technology development.

Being mobile: future wireless technologies and applications

Do you need to get up to speed quickly on the technologies and services that could transform the wireless world over the coming decade? Whether you work directly with wireless or in a sector where wireless solutions could be beneficial (e.g. healthcare, transport, sensor networks, location and smart metering), this concise guide provides a critical insight into future developments. For the first time, you will have a clear view of all the key technologies, including mesh networks, white space/cognitive devices, 4G/LTE and femtocells, and all the sectors or applications in which they could be used, with a comparison of the positives and negatives of each technology and sector area. You'll also see where the technologies required overlap and so could bring benefits across multiple areas, as well as how the key drivers of change in the past may impact on the future.

A Scalable Spectrum-Sharing Mechanism for Local Area Network Deployment

Current wireless access networks are able to provide relatively low data rates when compared with wired access. To extend the access to high-data-rate services to wireless users, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) established new requirements for future wireless communication technologies of up to 100 Mb/s under high-mobility conditions and 1 Gb/s in low mobility. The low mobility goal can only be achieved through the use of highly optimized local area access networks operating at low range and low transmission power. The efficient sharing of radio resources among local area cells will be very difficult to achieve with a traditional network planning/dimensioning approach due to their intrinsic uncoordinated deployment characteristic. Cognitive radio (CR)-based networking methodologies are considered as the most promising solutions for such radio-resource-sharing problems, also enabling unlicensed/open spectrum operations. In this paper, a game-theory-inspired scalable algorithm for intercell dynamic spectrum access (IC-DSA) is introduced to enable distributed resource allocation in CR environments. Here, the new CR-based cell is called ?cognitive cell (C-cell),? and it is the minimal entity that allocates a resource set. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed spectrum-sharing approach. This solution achieves a better overall performance in several load and interference scenarios in terms of both outage and average capacity when compared with fixed-frequency-reuse cases.

Primal Decomposition-Based Method for Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization in Downlink OFDMA Systems

We consider the weighted sum-rate maximization problem in downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems. Motivated by the increasing popularity of OFDMA in future wireless technologies, a low complexity suboptimal resource allocation algorithm is obtained for joint optimization of multiuser subcarrier assignment and power allocation. The algorithm is based on an approximated primal decomposition-based method, which is inspired from exact primal decomposition techniques. The original nonconvex optimization problem is divided into two subproblems which can be solved independently. Numerical results are provided to compare the performance of the proposed algorithm to Lagrange relaxation based suboptimal methods as well as to optimal exhaustive search-based method. Despite its reduced computational complexity, the proposed algorithm provides close-to-optimal performance

Users' Perceptions of Wireless Networks Usage

Wireless networks provide the most convenient way to access the Internet. This paper determines how the preliminary and advanced knowledge of wireless networks affect users’ perception and usage. Based on their knowledge, users develop certain emotional responses, which could affect their wireless network usage. This study identifies the effect of these emotional responses on users’ degree of use of wireless networks. Using data collected from 143 respondents, regression analyses reveal that wireless network usage is affected less by advanced wireless network knowledge and more by preliminary knowledge. The findings also show that the degree of usage depends on users’ ability to understand basic wireless network functionality and security. To motivate wireless usage, developers and designers of future wireless technologies do not need to overwhelm users with technical detail.

STFT 기법을 적용한 스펙트럼 센싱 모듈 구현

스펙트럼 센싱 기술은 차세대 무선통신 기술들 중 하나인 Cognitive Radio (CR) 시스템에서의 핵심 기술이다. 본 논문은 CR 기술 기반의 효율적인 스펙트럼 센싱을 위하여 대상 신호의 시간-주파수 측면의 분석을 위한 알고리즘인 Short Time Fourier Transform을 적용하는 방법을 제안하였다. STFT에 적용된 윈도우는 Kaiser Window이며, 그 중첩 정도는 50%로 규정하였다. 시뮬레이션을 위해 6MHz 대역폭을 가진 DVB-H 신호를 입력 신호로 하였으며, Modified Periodogram Method, Welch's Method와의 비교를 통하여 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 확인하였다. 또한, 임베디드 보드를 통하여 스펙트럼 센싱 모듈을 구현하였다. The Spectrum Sensing Technology is the core technology of the Cognitive Radio (CR) System that is one of the future wireless communication technologies. In this paper, we proposed the efficient Spectrum Sensing Method using the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) that is the algorithm for Time-Frequency analysis of the raw data. Applied window function to STFT algorithm is a Kaiser window, it is piled up its 50% range. For the simulation, the DVB-H signal with the 6MHz bandwidth is used as the Input Signal. And we confirm the Spectrum Sensing result using Modified Periodogram Method, Welch's Method for compared with Short Time Fourier Transform Algorithm. And also, Spectrum Sensing Module is implemented using embedded board.

Forecasting wireless communication technologies

The purpose of the paper is to present a formal comparison of a variety of multiple regression models in technology forecasting for wireless communication. We compare results obtained from multiple regression models to determine whether they provide a superior fitting and forecasting performance. Both techniques predict the year of wireless communication technology introduction from the first (1G) to fourth (4G) generations. This paper intends to identify the key parameters impacting the growth of wireless communications. The comparison of technology forecasting approaches benefits future researchers and practitioners when developing a prediction of future wireless communication technologies. The items of focus will be to understand the relationship between variable selection and model fit. Because the forecasting error was successfully reduced from previous approaches, the quadratic regression methodology is applied to the forecasting of future technology commercialisation. In this study, the data will s...

Editorial: Special Issue on “TeleHomeCare” and “Strategic Vision for Future Wireless Communication”

This special issue is based on the contributions from two workshops: the third CTIF Annual Workshop (CAW) held from 6–7 May 2008 and also from the Second Joint NICT-CTIF Workshop held from 26–27 June 2008 in Aalborg, Denmark. A positive trend seen from both the society and economic aspects is that the patients generally prefer to be treated in their homes. This creates a need for the use of devices in telehomecare in relation to more serious health problems and also in prevention of the development of diseases. Healthcare can be defined from two perspectives. First is the development and application of ambient intelligence technologies for healthcare, health and disease management. Second, it seeks to make healthcare available to anyone, anytime, and anywhere by removing location, time and other restraints whole increasing both the secure accessible and affordable healthcare. The workshops bring together the latest technical research results on telehomecare and also discuss the strategic vision for the future wireless communications. TeleHomeCare and Strategic Vision for Future Wireless Communication are very significant concepts for the growth of future wireless communication technologies. These concepts have been very well explained in the following nine papers selected from the Third CTIF Annual Workshop (CAW) 2008 and also in the last four papers selected from the Second Joint NICT-CTIF Workshop 2008 which are published in this special issue. Thefirst paper,“Wireless Aspects of Telehealth”,byAravind Kailas and Mary Ann Ingram, addresses recent efforts in the field of telehomecare including standards, system architectures, propagation models and lower layer protocols for body area networks and also suggests the use of cooperative transmission based strategies for such wireless topologies. The second paper, “Transdisciplinarity of Smart Health Care: Transmedical E-volution”, by Dina Simunic and Marijan Djurek, discusses the aspects of modern health care

Supporting carrier grade services over wireless mesh networks: The approach of the European FP-7 STREP CARMEN [Very Large Projects

CARMEN is a three-year Specific Targeted Research Project (STREP) funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Program. The CARMEN access network will complement existing access technologies by exploiting low cost mesh networking techniques, thus minimizing deployment and maintenance costs. The CARMEN architecture introduces an abstraction layer that hides the specifics of the underlying access technology providing an abstract interface on top of which higher layers can be easily developed. This allows for the integration of current and future heterogeneous wireless technologies to provide scalable and efficient mobile ubiquitous Internet access, able to adapt to different environments and user requirements. Following these goals, CARMEN aims to define, study and implement link and technology abstractions, mobility support, and quality of service. The architecture also includes advanced monitoring features that allow for dynamic self-configuration, thereby reducing the installation and operational costs.

IEEE 802.22 WRAN 기반 스펙트럼 센싱 모듈 구현

The Spectrum Sensing technology is the core technology of the Cognitive Radio (CR) system that is one of the future wireless communication technologies. This is the technology that temporarily allocates the frequency bandwidth by scanning surrounding wireless environments to keep licensed terminals and search the unused frequency bandwidth. In this paper, we implement the efficient Spectrum Sensing methods based on CR technology in an embedded board. The DVB-H signal with the 6MHz bandwidth is used as the RF input signal. And we confirm the Spectrum Sensing result using Modified Periodogram Method, Welch`s Method, SCF Method. And also, We examine the execution speed of each of detailed functions and the performance of Spectrum Sensing methods on TI320C6416 DSP board inserted in an embedded board.

Technology forecasting for wireless communication

Wireless communications technologies have undergone rapid changes over the last 30 years from analog approaches to digital-based systems. These technologies have improved on many fronts including bandwidth, range, and power requirements. Development of new telecommunications technologies is critical. It requires many years of efforts. In order to be competitive, it is critical to establish a roadmap of future technologies. This paper presents a framework to characterize, assess and forecast the wireless communication technologies. A DEA-based methodology was used for predicting the state-of-the-art in future wireless communications technologies.