Future Innovation Research Articles

A comprehensive review of characterization techniques empowering nanoparticle innovation for public benefits and sustainable future

A comprehensive review of characterization techniques empowering nanoparticle innovation for public benefits and sustainable future

Navigating the landscape of automated truck platooning: A systematic review on stakeholder perspectives, employment implications, and regulatory challenges

Despite the economic and social benefits of vehicle automation and platooning, the penetration of automation in the trucking industry is concerning to the industry stakeholders. Assuming that future technical innovations will address the safety and reliability issues associated with automated truck platooning (ATP), societal concerns, especially the employment implications, require deeper exploration to frame adequate policies to allow ATP. Therefore, a systematic review of 33 relevant research articles and reports was conducted using the PRISMA technique. The study analyzed the perspectives of multiple stakeholders including drivers, policymakers, and fleet owners/industry explored in previous studies through interviews and discussions. The review suggests both positive and negative implications on employment rate, dependent on the scenario of ATP, potential of alternative job creation, and the pace of automation deployment. Previous discussions about ATP scenarios and pace of deployment further reveal the barriers perceived by stakeholders. The gap between research, stakeholders’ perspectives, and policy is identified as the root cause of delay in ATP deployment. Additionally, due to the varied physical and industrial geography and stringent safety considerations, platooning laws adopted across the US vary in requirements, such as licensing and on-site human presence, pre-approved travel corridors, etc. This review suggests that owners seek timely and incentivizing policies to invest in automation and upskill the existing workforce. Future studies should also explore the perspectives of state Departments of Transportation in addition to other stakeholders, to develop strategies and policies aimed at mitigating the concerns identified in this study to support the realization of ATP.

Preface

Welcome to the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research (ICMER 2023), featured in the esteemed Journal of Physics: Conference Series. This year’s conference has highlighted significant advancements in Frontier Automotive Technology and Frontier Manufacturing, marking it a milestone in mechanical engineering research.The papers in these proceedings represent the cutting edge of research in our field. They encompass a range of topics critical to advancing mechanical engineering, offering innovative perspectives, rigorous research methodologies, and impactful findings.ICMER 2023, held in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia has been a convergence point for researchers, academicians, and industry professionals from around the globe. The conference facilitated a rich exchange of ideas, fostered collaborations, and set the stage for future innovations in mechanical engineering.We sincerely thank all the authors, reviewers, and members of the scientific committee for their invaluable contributions. Their dedication to academic excellence and rigour has made this publication a vital resource for the mechanical engineering community.As you explore the articles in this volume, we hope they inspire new research directions, foster collaborative endeavours, and contribute to the ongoing evolution of mechanical engineering. The future of our field is shaped by the ingenuity and passion of those who strive to advance our knowledge and capabilities.Enjoy the exploration of the cutting-edge research presented in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series: ICMER 2023 proceedings.List of Editors, Committee are available in this Pdf.

Enhancing unmanned aerial vehicle capabilities: integrating YOLO algorithms for diverse industrial applications

The integration of UAVs with advanced deep learning algorithms, particularly the You Only Look Once models, has opened new horizons in various industries. This paper explores the transformative impact of YOLO-based systems across diverse sectors, including agriculture, forest fire detection, ecology, marine science, target detection, and UAV navigation. We delve into the specific applications of different YOLO models, ranging from YOLOv3 to the lightweight YOLOv8, highlighting their unique contributions to enhancing UAV functionalities. In agriculture, UAVs equipped with YOLO algorithms have revolutionized disease detection, crop monitoring, and weed management, contributing to sustainable farming practices. The application in forest fire management showcases the capability of these systems in real-time fire localization and analysis. In ecological and marine sciences, the use of YOLO models has significantly improved wildlife monitoring, environmental surveillance, and resource management. Target detection studies reveal the efficacy of YOLO models in processing complex UAV imagery for accurate and efficient object recognition. Moreover, advancements in UAV navigation, through YOLO-based visual landing recognition and operation in challenging environments, underscore the versatility and efficiency of these integrated systems. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates the profound impact of YOLO-based UAV technologies in various fields, underscoring their potential for future innovations and applications.

Effect of deformation processing on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg−Li alloys: A review

As the lightest structural metal, Mg−Li alloys, possessing the advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good electromagnetic shielding, and damping properties, have a bright application prospect in automotive, aerospace, transportation, medical and other fields. However, the strength of Mg−Li alloys is lower when compared to other structural metals, which requires alloying or deformation treatment to enhance mechanical properties. The research progress of deformation processing of Mg−Li alloys is summarized, including the effect of conventional plastic deformation and severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg−Li alloys, the effect of strain and temperature in the deformation process on their microstructure and mechanical properties, and several grain refinement mechanisms of Mg−Li alloys. The problems encountered during the industrial application of Mg−Li alloys are discussed. Grain refinement and enhanced work hardening are still the primary means to improve the comprehensive performance. Several structural design strategies (heterogeneous structured materials) are highlightened, which will be helpful for the guidance of future innovations for Mg−Li alloys to reach high strength.

Big Data in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science: Integrating Theory and Practice for Future Innovations

Background: Big data has been successfully applied in medicine, offering remarkable advancements in patient care and health management. The rise of big data in sports medicine and exercise science is a pivotal development, offering fresh perspectives on optimizing athlete performance, preventing injuries, and managing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This review explores the integration and the potential of big data in these areas, with a particular focus on wearables, genomics, and metabolomics. Objectives: The objectives of this study were: (i) to present the current state of big data in sports medicine, including its applications and advancements in wearables, genomics, and metabolomics, and (ii) to outline the future prospects of big data in sports medicine and exercise science, emphasizing a call to action for ongoing research and interdisciplinary collaboration. Methods: An extensive review of the existing literature and current practices in the application of big data in sports medicine was conducted. The review concentrated on the advancements and applications in the fields of wearables, genomics, and metabolomics, and their implications for sports science and health management. Results: The application of big data has significantly influenced sports medicine, particularly through advanced wearable technologies for monitoring physiological parameters, genomic approaches for personalized athlete care, and metabolomics for in-depth analysis of metabolic responses to exercise. These developments have led to more individualized training and rehabilitation programs, effective injury prevention strategies, and better health management practices for both athletes and the general population. Conclusion: The integration of big data into sports medicine signifies a substantial shift towards more data-driven and tailored approaches. This progression fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and opens new avenues for research in areas like biomechanics and transcriptomics. Leveraging these opportunities can lead to practical improvements in athlete care, health management, and a broader understanding of sports science, benefiting both the sports community and the wider public.

Assessing the pertinence of the meta-verse and augmented reality : A bibliometric study and its research implications

In the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the pervasive adoption of Metaverse and Augmented Reality technologies is revolutionizing the landscape of user experiences. These cutting-edge technologies have demonstrated their effectiveness across various industries, with the promise of even broader applications. As they lay the foundation for future innovations, it becomes imperative to assess the existing literature on Meta-verse and Augmented Reality comprehensively. This research aims to illuminate the diverse dimensions of these technologies and outline prospective avenues for further investigation.We conducted a bibliometric analysis, drawing data from the Scopus database to achieve this objective. Leveraging R-studio Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software, we analyzed a dataset comprising 301 scholarly articles. Our analysis spans 2007 to 2023, revealing the evolving landscape of research production in this field. Additionally, we identified the most influential journals, authors, and publications that have shaped the discourse surrounding Metaverse and Augmented Reality.Furthermore, co-citation analysis unveiled connections among documents, authors, and keywords. This allowed us to uncover the intellectual structure of this field and identify pivotal research trends. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current Meta-verse and Augmented Reality literature while offering valuable insights for future research endeavours.

State-of-the-Art Advances and Current Applications of Gel-Based Membranes.

Gel-based membranes, a fusion of polymer networks and liquid components, have emerged as versatile tools in a variety of technological domains thanks to their unique structural and functional attributes. Historically rooted in basic filtration tasks, recent advancements in synthetic strategies have increased the mechanical strength, selectivity, and longevity of these membranes. This review summarizes their evolution, emphasizing breakthroughs that have positioned them at the forefront of cutting-edge applications. They have the potential for desalination and pollutant removal in water treatment processes, delivering efficiency that often surpasses conventional counterparts. The biomedical field has embraced them for drug delivery and tissue engineering, capitalizing on their biocompatibility and tunable properties. Additionally, their pivotal role in energy storage as gel electrolytes in batteries and fuel cells underscores their adaptability. However, despite monumental progress in gel-based membrane research, challenges persist, particularly in scalability and long-term stability. This synthesis provides an overview of the state-of-the-art applications of gel-based membranes and discusses potential strategies to overcome current limitations, laying the foundation for future innovations in this dynamic field.

Recent advances in selective mono-/dichalcogenation and exclusive dichalcogenation of C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds.

Organochalcogen compounds are prevalent in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers, biological molecules and synthetic intermediates. Direct chalcogenation of C-H bonds has evolved as a step- and atom-economical method for the synthesis of chalcogen-bearing compounds. Nevertheless, direct C-H chalcogenation severely lags behind C-C, C-N and C-O bond formations. Moreover, compared with the C-H monochalcogenation, reports of selective mono-/dichalcogenation and exclusive dichalcogenation of C-H bonds are relatively scarce. The past decade has witnessed significant advancements in selective mono-/dichalcogenation and exclusive dichalcogenation of various C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds via transition-metal-catalyzed/mediated, photocatalytic, electrochemical or metal-free approaches. In light of the significance of both mono- and dichalcogen-containing compounds in various fields of chemical science and the critical issue of chemoselectivity in organic synthesis, the present review systematically summarizes the advances in these research fields, with a special focus on elucidating scopes and mechanistic aspects. Moreover, the synthetic limitations, applications of some of these processes, the current challenges and our own perspectives on these highly active research fields are also discussed. Based on the substrate types and C-H bonds being chalcogenated, the present review is organized into four sections: (1) transition-metal-catalyzed/mediated chelation-assisted selective C-H mono-/dichalcogenation or exclusive dichalcogenation of (hetero)arenes; (2) directing group-free selective C-H mono-/dichalcogenation or exclusive dichalcogenation of electron-rich (hetero)arenes; (3) C(sp3)-H dichalcogenation; (4) dichalcogenation of both C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds. We believe the present review will serve as an invaluable resource for future innovations and drug discovery.

Precision Farming: The Power of AI and IoT Technologies

This review article titled "Precision Farming: The Power of AI and IoT Technologies" delves into the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in revolutionising modern agricultural practices. This paper explores the integration of cutting-edge technologies, including AI, IoT, remote sensing, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in addressing the challenges posed by diminishing agricultural resources and an expanding population. Precision farming, empowered by these technologies, offers a paradigm shift from traditional farming methods to a more data-driven, efficient, and environmentally sustainable approach. The use of AI and IoT in agriculture has led to significant advancements in crop monitoring, resource management, and decision-making processes. However, the implementation of these technologies is not without challenges, such as accessibility, connectivity, and the complexity of integration. This article reviews the current state and future prospects of precision farming, emphasising its role in enhancing agricultural productivity while minimising environmental impact. The potential for future innovations in this field is vast, promising a new era of efficient and sustainable farming practices essential for global food security.

Exploring Optimization Algorithms: A Review of Methods and Applications

This article review focuses on feature selection as the main parameter that plays a major role in tuning machine learning models. Several algorithms of optimization such as MFO (Moth-Flame Optimization), the GA-GSA algorithm’s hybrid type, SOA (Seagull Optimization Algorithm), WOA (Whale Optimization Algorithm), GOA (Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm), HGSO (Henry Gas Solubility Optimization), and SafeOpt are widely used in engineering design, power systems scheduling, The paper stresses the importance of optimization in improving efficiency, lessening mistakes and increasing understandability of machine learning models. The literature addresses the widest directions in the usage of optimization for the following fields of science such as structural engineering, additive manufacturing, and landslide susceptibility mapping. A comprehensive summary table is generated, which shows an overview of each study, algorithm, focus, and methodology and has a stoke of key findings. The conclusions reveal the adaptiveness, competitiveness and compossibility of the optimization algorithms applied to a wide range of domains. The summary shows how optimization has the potential to change decision-making processes and activities by being a decisive factor that determines the future of branches of various industries. The main objective of this work is to direct researchers and practitioners by providing them with some innovative ideas and approaches and offering insights on the existing cutting-edge approaches while laying the groundwork for future innovations in optimization.

FDA와 EMA에서 시판허가된 AAV 기반 유전자치료제의 규제 및 임상시험 설계 측면에서의 사례 연구

Gene therapy, involving the transfer of genetic materials into a patient to alter gene or protein expression, is a promising approach for treating a variety of human diseases. In vivo gene therapy uses gene-based materials to modify target cell genomes. Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) vectors, known as the safest and the most effective vector to deliver genes of interest into a broad range of cell types, are gaining prominence. Luxturna's the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval marked a turning point for AAV-based gene therapy. Subsequently, Zolgensma and Hemgenix received approval from both the FDA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), increasing interest in AAV based gene therapies for rare or untreatable diseases. Despite this progress, the regulatory and clinical trial processes for AAV-based gene therapy drugs are underexplored. Our study compares the approval processes of three prominent AAVbased gene therapy drugs: Luxturna, Zolgensma, and Hemgenix. We found that all three received expedited approvals from the FDA and EMA, primarily based on meticulously designed clinical trials demonstrating safety and efficacy. These trials underwent multiple adaptations to meet tight timelines, deviating from traditional regulatory pathways. These findings offer valuable insights for domestic AAV-based gene therapy developers, helping them refine clinical strategies for future innovations. This knowledge would further guide the development and regulation of future AAV-based gene therapies.

Biofortification for Enhancement of Micronutrient Contents in Cereals

Micronutrient deficiencies present a global public health threat, particularly in regions reliant on staple crops like maize, rice, and wheat. This review delves into the intricate relationship between boron, zinc, and iron deficiencies and these essential crops. Boron, vital for both plant growth and human health, influences physiological processes beyond agriculture. Similarly, zinc and iron play crucial roles in enzymatic activities and overall well-being. Deficiencies in these micronutrients can lead to severe health consequences, affecting millions worldwide. The review addresses challenges in implementing fertilizer-based solutions, tackling economic constraints, technological limitations, and environmental concerns. Economic barriers, especially for smallholder farmers, stem from the high costs of micronutrient-enriched fertilizers. Governments, international organizations, and public-private partnerships are crucial for subsidizing and incentivizing fertilizers. Technological limitations involve formulating efficient fertilizers, with ongoing research in nanotechnology and precision agriculture holding promise. Environmental concerns necessitate promoting sustainable farming practices, with precision agriculture and organic alternatives emerging. The article concludes by discussing potential avenues for future research and innovation in fertilizer technologies, emphasizing sustainability and scalability for ongoing progress in agricultural practices.

Monoclonal Antibodies: Current Status and Future Innovations in Targeted Therapy

This extensive dissertation offers a detailed examination of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), their present uses, prospective future developments, and current difficulties. The study investigates the development and mechanism of mAbs, their function in different diseases, and their effectiveness based on clinical trials and case studies. Additionally, it covers potential side effects, negative reactions, and risk reduction techniques. Additionally, it explores the potential advancements, fresh uses, and improvement techniques for mAbs in the future. The effectiveness of mAbs in monotherapy and combination therapy, as well as how the tumor microenvironment and different mAb isotypes can influence this, are also covered in the document. It also explores how mAbs' potential toxicity and side effects may relate to their effectiveness.

Value Co-Creation: Transitioning From “Binary Interactions” To “Networked Systems”

The study viewpoint on value co-creation has gradually changed over the past few years from one that solely considers value creation between customers and businesses to one that also takes into account the value creation processes of numerous participants in a socio-economic network system. This shift reflects the essence of value co-creation, i.e., all parties' joint participation and collaborative value creation. This paper follows this research trend and explores the bilateral interactions between firm-firm, customer-customer and firm-customer, and the multiple interactions among all participants in the socio-economic network system. This study compiles domestic and international research results related to value co-creation. ln the meantime, it provides an outlook on future research directions. It is anticipated that a thorough examination of these interactions will help better understand the various participants' responsibilities in the value co-creation process and offer insightful advice for future value creation and business model innovation. This research will provide insights for companies and academics to help them achieve continuous innovation and success in the ever-changing business environment.

The Present and Future Trend of Monoclonal Antibody

Over the past three decades, the realm of monoclonal antibodies has witnessed a remarkable metamorphosis. Initially conceptualized and utilized as mere scientific instruments, these antibodies have now evolved into potent therapeutic agents, revolutionizing the landscape of modern medicine. The United States and Europe, being at the forefront of medical advancements, have embraced this transformation, with nearly 30 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies currently available in their markets. These antibodies, tailored to target specific antigens, offer a precision in treatment that was previously unattainable. This review delves into the intricate journey of monoclonal antibodies, tracing their origins, their initial applications in research, and their eventual rise as therapeutic giants. Furthermore, the paper sheds light on the challenges faced in their development, the breakthroughs that propelled their success, and the potential future innovations that could further harness their capabilities. As standing on the cusp of medical breakthroughs, understanding the past and potential future trajectories of monoclonal antibodies becomes paramount.

ADAPTABILITY IN INDUSTRY 4.0: SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE TO DEPLOY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

Industry 4.0 represents a revolution in the business environment, driving the integration of information technologies and industrial automation, with the main objective of reducing latency in decision-making. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in advanced data analysis and resource optimization, allowing accurate predictions and agile decisions, however its implementation presents challenges, such as algorithm complexity and integration with industrial automation systems. An innovative solution to overcome these challenges is the implementation of a service-oriented architecture, which creates modular and interoperable systems, a concept especially relevant in the practical application of industrial automation, in which the integration between Information Technology (I.T) and Automation Technology (A.T) is crucial. This work presents, through experimental research, an innovative solution based on the development of a computer vision application, isolated in a Docker container. This application is designed to inspect the assembly of parts by a robotic system and establish communication with a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to approve or disapprove the assembly. The results of the adopted architecture demonstrate a flexible approach that simplifies the operation of AI systems, allowing operation with both AI enabled and disabled, reducing potential disruptions to the workflow. This research promises to open paths for future innovations and advances in the field of industrial automation and Artificial Intelligence, offering a model that effectively combines the agility of AI with the robustness of automation.

Advanced hydrophobic cotton threads enhanced with graphene/SWCNT nanocomposites for exceptionally high electrical conductivity

This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of conductive threads using graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), focusing on their application in wearable electronics and smart textiles. We employed the drop casting method to coat cotton threads with a polar solvent-based dispersion of graphene and SWCNTs, aiming to enhance their electrical conductivity and hydrophobic properties. Our results demonstrate that the electrical conductivity of these conductive threads significantly increases with the concentration of graphene and SWCNTs, reaching a peak conductivity of 68.75 S. cm−1 in threads coated with a SWCNT layer followed by a graphene layer. These threads exhibit metallic behavior across a broad temperature range (room temperature to 130 °C) and maintain electrical stability over an extended period. Additionally, varying degrees of hydrophobicity were observed among the different thread compositions. A washability study revealed that threads with a bilayer of SWCNT and graphene maintained higher electrical conductivity after multiple wash cycles compared to those fabricated with a mixed layer of these materials. This research not only highlights the potential of graphene and SWCNTs in developing advanced conductive threads but also addresses the challenges in scalability and reproducibility, paving the way for future innovations in smart textile applications.

EXPLORING THE SYNERGY: ESSENTIAL OILS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION AND THEIR ROLE IN ENHANCING PRODUCTION

Animal nutrition plays a pivotal role in the global livestock industry, influencing production efficiency, animal health, and overall economic sustainability. As a growing awareness of the importance of natural and sustainable practices emerges, essential oils have garnered attention as potential feed additives with multifaceted benefits. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the integration of essential oils into animal nutrition, elucidating their mechanisms of action, effects on animal health, and contributions to enhanced production outcomes. The paper outlies the historical context of essential oil usage in animal nutrition and the objectives of this review. It delves into the chemical composition of essential oils, paving the way for a comprehensive understanding of their role. Mechanisms of action are elucidated, highlighting how essential oils interact with the digestive system and metabolism of animals, ultimately improving nutrient utilization and gut health. These mechanisms are the cornerstone of their potential to enhance production. Beyond their physiological effects, essential oils' impact on animal health is thoroughly examined. A review of relevant studies showcases their effectiveness in preventing and managing common diseases, underscoring their holistic benefits. The article then delves into their tangible effects on production parameters, such as growth rate, feed efficiency, and reproductive performance, drawing insights from case studies and experimental data.
 However, challenges and considerations are not overlooked. The review highlights potential limitations and the need for judicious and evidence-based use of essential oils in animal nutrition. It emphasizes the importance of responsible practices and sustainability in the livestock industry. In conclusion, this review synthesizes the current knowledge surrounding the integration of essential oils into animal nutrition and their profound potential to enhance production outcomes. It underscores the critical role of essential oils as a natural and sustainable approach to optimizing animal nutrition and, by extension, advancing the global livestock industry. The exploration of this synergy paves the way for future research and innovation in this evolving field.

A review of solar thermochemical cycles for fuel production

Solar-driven CO2/H2O splitting via a two-step solar thermochemical cycle is a promising approach for fuel production and carbon neutrality to address the intermittent instability and low energy density of solar energy while taking advantage of its clean and nonpolluting nature. However, current experimental efficiencies are still below theoretical levels due to various limitations such as material properties and energy loss occurring in the reactor. The reactor, as an important component for commercialization, still faces various challenges including high reaction temperature, limited reactor material longevity, high temperature sealing of moving parts, and slow adsorption and desorption rate of porous structure lining. This paper reviews researches on solar thermochemical oxygen carriers and related reactors, with particular focus on analyzing reactor design criteria, modeling methods, energy efficiency and energy loss analysis. In addition, obtaining low partial pressure oxygen for reduction reactions, heat recovery methods, and synergies between the reactor and solar concentrating system play a significant role in further improving energy efficiency. This work demonstrates the feasibility of two-step solar thermochemical cycles in renewable energy technologies and provides guidance for future innovations in this field.