Biofortification for Enhancement of Micronutrient Contents in Cereals

Abstract

Micronutrient deficiencies present a global public health threat, particularly in regions reliant on staple crops like maize, rice, and wheat. This review delves into the intricate relationship between boron, zinc, and iron deficiencies and these essential crops. Boron, vital for both plant growth and human health, influences physiological processes beyond agriculture. Similarly, zinc and iron play crucial roles in enzymatic activities and overall well-being. Deficiencies in these micronutrients can lead to severe health consequences, affecting millions worldwide. The review addresses challenges in implementing fertilizer-based solutions, tackling economic constraints, technological limitations, and environmental concerns. Economic barriers, especially for smallholder farmers, stem from the high costs of micronutrient-enriched fertilizers. Governments, international organizations, and public-private partnerships are crucial for subsidizing and incentivizing fertilizers. Technological limitations involve formulating efficient fertilizers, with ongoing research in nanotechnology and precision agriculture holding promise. Environmental concerns necessitate promoting sustainable farming practices, with precision agriculture and organic alternatives emerging. The article concludes by discussing potential avenues for future research and innovation in fertilizer technologies, emphasizing sustainability and scalability for ongoing progress in agricultural practices.